Protein Information

Name prothrombin
Synonyms Coagulation factor II; Coagulation factor II variant; F2; F2 protein; F2 protein precursor; Factor II; PT; Prothrombin…

Compound Information

Name carbon tetrachloride
CAS tetrachloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15479692 Duplantier JG, Dubuisson L, Senant N, Freyburger G, Laurendeau I, Herbert JM, Desmouliere A, Rosenbaum J: A role for thrombin in liver fibrosis. . Gut. 2004 Nov;53(11):1682-7.

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16688827 Lin WC, Kuo SC, Lin WL, Fang HL, Wang BC: Filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata reduces liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Apr 21;12(15):2369-74.

Spleen weight, blood synthetic markers (albumin and prothrombin time) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HP) concentrations were determined.
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17962354 Rullier A, Gillibert-Duplantier J, Costet P, Cubel G, Haurie V, Petibois C, Taras D, Dugot-Senant N, Deleris G, Bioulac-Sage P, Rosenbaum J: Protease-activated receptor 1 knockout reduces experimentally induced liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008 Jan;294(1):G226-35. Epub 2007 Oct 25.

Thrombin inhibition protects against liver fibrosis.
Acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) toxicity was similar in wild-type (WT), PAR-1 (-/-), and PAR-1 (+/-) mice as judged by aminotransferase levels, area of liver necrosis, and liver peroxidation measured by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy.
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18675126 Nardo B, Tsivian M, Neri F, Piras G, Pariali M, Bertelli R, Cavallari G: Extracorporeal portal vein oxygenation improves outcome of acute liver failure in swine. Transplant Proc. 2008 Jul-Aug;40(6):2046-8.

Control group animals deteriorated biochemically, dropping their prothrombin times and increasing the liver enzymes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 2 ALF swine models were carbon tetrachloride toxic ALF and subtotal hepatectomy using 8 animals per group.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19596425 Ko WS, Hsu SL, Chyau CC, Chen KC, Peng RY: Compound Cordyceps TCM-700C exhibits potent hepatoprotective capability in animal model. Fitoterapia. 2010 Jan;81(1):1-7. Epub 2009 Jul 8.

A herbal preparation "Compound Codyceps-TCM-700C (CC-700C)" was tested for hepatoprotective effect against the carbon tetrachloride induced liver damages in Sprague-Dawley rat model for a period of 6-weeks.
In addition, all levels of serum bilirubin, serum albumin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), platelet count (PLT), and prothrombin time (PT) except TG were shown effectively restored to normal values by CC-700C and Silymarin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17313811 Hu AB, He XS, Zheng QC, Cai JY: [Curative effects of transplantation of hepatocytes differentiated from embryonic stem cells on treatment of fulminant hepatic failure: experiment with mice]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006 Dec 12;86(46):3280-4.

Twenty-four hours later venous blood samples were collected to examine the levels of total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ALB, blood sugar (BS), and prothrombin time (PT).
Twenty-four hours later carbon tetrachloride was injected intra-peritoneally to induce FHF.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19058329 Regimbeau JM, Fuks D, Kohneh-Shahri N, Terris B, Soubrane O: Restrictive model of compensated carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Dec 7;14(45):6943-7.

Prothrombin time (PT) and total bilirubin (TB) were also evaluated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18485088 Anstee QM, Goldin RD, Wright M, Martinelli A, Cox R, Thursz MR: Coagulation status modulates murine hepatic fibrogenesis: implications for the development of novel therapies. J Thromb Haemost. 2008 Aug;6(8):1336-43. Epub 2008 May 14.

It is likely that thrombin signaling through the proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR (1)) receptor expressed on hepatic stellate cells is responsible for this relationship.
Prothrombotic FV Leiden mutant mice, C57BL/6 control animals and anticoagulated mice were studied after chronic exposure to carbon tetrachloride.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15860571 Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Antonelli E, Renga B, Mencarelli A, Riccardi L, Orlandi S, Pruzanski M, Morelli A, Pellicciari R: A farnesoid x receptor-small heterodimer partner regulatory cascade modulates tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 and matrix metalloprotease expression in hepatic stellate cells and promotes resolution of liver fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Aug;314(2):584-95. Epub 2005 Apr 28.


Exposure of HSCs to FXR ligands increases small heterodimer partner (SHP) mRNA by 3-fold and reduces basal and thrombin-stimulated expression of alpha1 (I) collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 by approximately 60 to 70%, whereas it increased matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 activity by 2-fold.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18023088 Li LJ, Yang YG, Zhang ZL, Nie SF, Li Z, Li F, Hua HY, Hu YJ, Zhang HS, Guo YB: Protective effects of medical ozone combined with traditional Chinese medicine against chemically-induced hepatic injury in dogs. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Dec 7;13(45):5989-94.

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of medical ozone (O (3)) combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Yigan Fuzheng Paidu Capsules (YC) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-induced hepatic injury in dogs.
The biochemical and hematological indexes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), serum total bilirubin (TBIL), prothrombin time (PT), blood ammonia (AMMO), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured after CCl (4) injection.
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15483417 Ritter C, Reinke A, Andrades M, Martins MR, Rocha J, Menna-Barreto S, Quevedo J, Moreira JC, Dal-Pizzol F: Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic failure in rats. Crit Care Med. 2004 Oct;32(10):2079-83.

In addition, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and prothrombin time in the N-acetylcysteine plus deferoxamine group were significantly lower than those in the N-acetylcysteine or deferoxamine and saline groups.
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19718641 Liu F, Liu ZD, Wu N, Cong X, Fei R, Chen HS, Wei L: Transplanted endothelial progenitor cells ameliorate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Liver Transpl. 2009 Sep;15(9):1092-100.

CCl (4) treatment increased the international prothrombin ratio (P < 0.05) and reduced albumin levels, whereas EPCs restored these parameters to normal levels.
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