Protein Information

Name metalloproteinase
Synonyms Leukolysin; MMP20; Matrix metalloproteinase 20; MMP25; MMP 25; MMP20A; MMPL 1; MMPL1…

Compound Information

Name carbon tetrachloride
CAS tetrachloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19220677 Luo L, Zhou A: Antifibrotic activity of anisodamine in vivo is associated with changed intrahepatic levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its inhibitor tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-2 and transforming growth factor beta1 in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Jun;24(6):1070-6. Epub 2009 Feb 12.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18225750 Korolenko TA, Filatova TG, Savchenko NG, Yuz'ko YV, Goncharova IA, Alexeenko TV: Changes in the concentration of tissue inhibitor of type 1 metalloproteinases in blood serum and liver of mice with CCl4-induced hepatitis. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2007 Mar;143(3):312-5.

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19134049 Moriya K, Yoshikawa M, Ouji Y, Saito K, Nishiofuku M, Matsuda R, Ishizaka S, Fukui H: Embryonic stem cells reduce liver fibrosis in CCl4-treated mice. Int J Exp Pathol. 2008 Dec;89(6):401-9.

We transplanted undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells into the spleens of carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-treated mice to determine their effects on liver fibrosis.
In the livers of group 1 mice, metalloproteinase 9-immunopositive cells derived from ES cells as well as those from the recipient were observed.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17938867 Marsillach J, Ferre N, Camps J, Rull A, Beltran R, Joven J: Changes in the expression of genes related to apoptosis and fibrosis pathways in CCl4-treated rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2008 Jan;308(1-2):101-9. Epub 2007 Oct 16.


CCl (4) administration over 12 weeks was associated with significant changes in B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, procollagen type I alpha 2, matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 8, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1, 2, and 3 and the inhibitor of apoptosis 4 gene expressions.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17631135 Nakamura T, Torimura T, Sakamoto M, Hashimoto O, Taniguchi E, Inoue K, Sakata R, Kumashiro R, Murohara T, Ueno T, Sata M: Significance and therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cell transplantation in a cirrhotic liver rat model. Gastroenterology. 2007 Jul;133(1):91-107.e1. Epub 2007 Apr 11.

CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that single or repeated EPC transplantation halts established liver fibrosis in rats by suppressing activated hepatic stellate cells, increasing matrix metalloproteinase activity, and regulating hepatocyte proliferation.
METHODS: Recipient rats were injected intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) twice weekly for 6 weeks before initial administration of EPCs.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15547672 Kotoh K, Nakamuta M, Kohjima M, Fukushima M, Morizono S, Kobayashi N, Enjoji M, Nawata H: Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via inhibition of collagen production and acceleration of collagenase activity. Int J Mol Med. 2004 Dec;14(6):1049-53.

We previously reported that RGD peptide increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) which play a major role in hepatic fibrosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15188175 Issa R, Zhou X, Constandinou CM, Fallowfield J, Millward-Sadler H, Gaca MD, Sands E, Suliman I, Trim N, Knorr A, Arthur MJ, Benyon RC, Iredale JP: Spontaneous recovery from micronodular cirrhosis: evidence for incomplete resolution associated with matrix cross-linking. Gastroenterology. 2004 Jun;126(7):1795-808.


Livers were analyzed for evidence of matrix degradation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression, stellate cell apoptosis, tissue transglutaminase (tTg) expression, and matrix cross-linking during spontaneous recovery of up to 366 days.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18929613 Shyu MH, Kao TC, Yen GC: Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Heml.) prevents against rat liver fibrosis induced by CCl (4) via inhibition of hepatic stellate cells activation. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Dec;46(12):3707-13. Epub 2008 Sep 26.

In this study, the protective effect of extract of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens) (EHT) against liver fibrogenesis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-injured rats was evaluated.
Oral administration of EHT reduced the levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and the activity of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in rats injured by treatment with CCl (4).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17056239 Jiroutova A, Slavkovsky R, Cermakova M, Majdiakova L, Hanovcova I, Bolehovska R, Hajzlerova M, Radilova H, Ruszova E, Kanta J: Expression of mRNAs related to connective tissue metabolism in rat hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2007 Jan;58(4):263-73. Epub 2006 Oct 23.

Normal and carbon tetrachloride-cirrhotic livers from rats were used to isolate HSC.
The expression of 49 genes coding for connective tissue proteins, proteoglycans, metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, growth factors and cellular markers was determined.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19580633 Hartland SN, Murphy F, Aucott RL, Abergel A, Zhou X, Waung J, Patel N, Bradshaw C, Collins J, Mann D, Benyon RC, Iredale JP: Active matrix metalloproteinase-2 promotes apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells via the cleavage of cellular N-cadherin. Liver Int. 2009 Aug;29(7):966-78.


Activated HSC express the matrix-degrading matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15057751 Siller-Lopez F, Sandoval A, Salgado S, Salazar A, Bueno M, Garcia J, Vera J, Galvez J, Hernandez I, Ramos M, Aguilar-Cordova E, Armendariz-Borunda J: Treatment with human metalloproteinase-8 gene delivery ameliorates experimental rat liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2004 Apr;126(4):1122-33; discussion 949.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
17094476 Jeong WI, Do SH, Jeong DH, Hong IH, Park JK, Ran KM, Yang HJ, Yuan DW, Kim SB, Cha MS, Jeong KS: Kinetics of MMP-1 and MMP-3 produced by mast cells and macrophages in liver fibrogenesis of rat. Anticancer Res. 2006 Sep-Oct;26(5A):3517-26.

BACKGROUND: The involvement of whether macrophages and mast cells in the kinetics of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3 and MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 in hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis was examined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MMPs and TIMPs were examined by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting using carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrotic rat liver.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15963578 Krasnov A, Koskinen H, Rexroad C, Afanasyev S, Molsa H, Oikari A: Transcriptome responses to carbon tetrachloride and pyrene in the kidney and liver of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Aug 15;74(1):70-81.

Pyrene and CCl (4) caused opposite effects on expression of several genes, including HSP-27, macrophage receptor Marco, metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP13), and delta-6 fatty acid desaturase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14999682 Nakamura K, Nonaka H, Saito H, Tanaka M, Miyajima A: Hepatocyte proliferation and tissue remodeling is impaired after liver injury in oncostatin M receptor knockout mice. Hepatology. 2004 Mar;39(3):635-44.

Mice deficient in the OSM receptor (OSMR (-/-)) showed impaired liver regeneration with persistent parenchymal necrosis after carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) exposure.
In contrast to wildtype mice, CCl (4) administration only marginally induced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 genes in OSMR (-/-) mice, correlating with the increased gelatinase activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and matrix degradation in injured livers.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16508911 Lee TH, Jawan B, Chou WY, Lu CN, Wu CL, Kuo HM, Concejero AM, Wang CH: Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone gene therapy reverses carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis in mice. J Gene Med. 2006 Jun;8(6):764-72.

Further, alpha-MSH significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity with tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) inactivation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19242656 Liu J, Tan H, Sun Y, Zhou S, Cao J, Wang F: The preventive effects of heparin-superoxide dismutase on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver failure and hepatic fibrosis in mice. Mol Cell Biochem. 2009 Jul;327(1-2):219-28. Epub 2009 Feb 26.

Moreover, real-time PCR was used to determine transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), fibronectin, and collagen-I expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18263696 Peng Z, Fernandez P, Wilder T, Yee H, Chiriboga L, Chan ES, Cronstein BN: Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) -mediated extracellular adenosine production plays a critical role in hepatic fibrosis. FASEB J. 2008 Jul;22(7):2263-72. Epub 2008 Feb 8.


After CCl (4) treatment, the mRNA level of A (1), A (2A), A (2B), and A (3) adenosine receptors, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL) -1beta, IL-13r alpha1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-14, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) -1, and TIMP-2, and IL-13 level increased markedly in both CD73KO and WT mice, but Col1 alpha1, Col3 alpha1, and transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA increased much more in WT mice than that in KO mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16539848 Chou WY, Lu CN, Lee TH, Wu CL, Hung KS, Concejero AM, Jawan B, Wang CH: Electroporative interleukin-10 gene transfer ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced murine liver fibrosis by MMP and TIMP modulation. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006 Apr;27(4):469-76.

Furthermore, IL-10 significantly inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) activation after CCl4 intoxication.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19192169 Li YL, Wu J, Wei D, Zhang DW, Feng H, Chen ZN, Bian H: Newcastle disease virus represses the activation of human hepatic stellate cells and reverses the development of hepatic fibrosis in mice. Liver Int. 2009 Apr;29(4):593-602. Epub 2009 Jan 28.

RESULTS: Tumour-CM and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) could promote the proliferation and activation of LX-2 cells, indicated by the enhanced expression of alpha-SMA, collagen I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TGF-beta1.
Activated HSCs facilitated the replication of NDV, thereby repressing the secretion of MMP, the expression of these indices for hepatic fibrosis and the expression of alpha-SMA and collagen fibrils in hepatic fibrosis of the mouse induced by carbon tetrachloride.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17922224 Wu LM, Wu XX, Sun Y, Kong XW, Zhang YH, Xu Q: A novel synthetic oleanolic acid derivative (CPU-II2) attenuates liver fibrosis in mice through regulating the function of hepatic stellate cells. J Biomed Sci. 2008 Mar;15(2):251-9. Epub 2007 Oct 6.


CPU-II2 also attenuated the mRNA expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1) induced by CCl4 in mice and reduced both mRNA and protein levels of alpha-SMA in HSC-T6 cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18394744 Douglass A, Wallace K, Parr R, Park J, Durward E, Broadbent I, Barelle C, Porter AJ, Wright MC: Antibody-targeted myofibroblast apoptosis reduces fibrosis during sustained liver injury. J Hepatol. 2008 Jul;49(1):88-98. Epub 2008 Mar 13.


Fibrosis reduction was associated with increased metalloproteinase-13 levels.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15052689 Luo YJ, Yu JP, Shi ZH, Wang L: Ginkgo biloba extract reverses CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Apr 1;10(7):1037-42.


The four groups were compared in terms of serum enzymes, tissue damage, expression of alphaSMA and tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) and metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15276869 Campo GM, Avenoso A, Campo S, D'Ascola A, Ferlazzo AM, Calatroni A: The antioxidant and antifibrogenic effects of the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4-sulphate in a subchronic rat model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrogenesis. Chem Biol Interact. 2004 Jul 20;148(3):125-38.

The effect on tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was also studied.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15860571 Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Antonelli E, Renga B, Mencarelli A, Riccardi L, Orlandi S, Pruzanski M, Morelli A, Pellicciari R: A farnesoid x receptor-small heterodimer partner regulatory cascade modulates tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 and matrix metalloprotease expression in hepatic stellate cells and promotes resolution of liver fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Aug;314(2):584-95. Epub 2005 Apr 28.


In the present study, we investigated whether 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid (6-ECDCA or INT-747), a semisynthetic derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), modulates tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP)-1 and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 expression/activity in HSCs and in the liver of rats rendered cirrhotic by 4-week administration of CCl (4).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17944888 Hsiao Y, Zou T, Ling CC, Hu H, Tao XM, Song HY: Disruption of tissue-type plasminogen activator gene in mice aggravated liver fibrosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Jul;23(7 Pt 2):e258-64. Epub 2007 Oct 17.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of tPA in carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-induced liver fibrosis.
On the other hand, the decrease of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities, metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression and a marked increase of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression were found in the liver of CCl (4) administrated tPA (-/-) mice compared with wild-type counterparts.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15389776 Parsons CJ, Bradford BU, Pan CQ, Cheung E, Schauer M, Knorr A, Krebs B, Kraft S, Zahn S, Brocks B, Feirt N, Mei B, Cho MS, Ramamoorthi R, Roldan G, Ng P, Lum P, Hirth-Dietrich C, Tomkinson A, Brenner DA: Antifibrotic effects of a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 antibody on established liver fibrosis in rats. Hepatology. 2004 Nov;40(5):1106-15.

Decreased ECM degradation results, in part, from increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), which blocks matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity.
Rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)), or olive oil control, for 6 weeks; 24 days into the treatment, the rats were administered a neutralizing anti-TIMP-1 antibody derived from a fully human combinatorial antibody library (HuCAL), PBS, or an isotype control antibody.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15876570 Planaguma A, Claria J, Miquel R, Lopez-Parra M, Titos E, Masferrer JL, Arroyo V, Rodes J: The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor SC-236 reduces liver fibrosis by mechanisms involving non-parenchymal cell apoptosis and PPARgamma activation. FASEB J. 2005 Jul;19(9):1120-2. Epub 2005 May 4.

In this study, we tested the effects of SC-236, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis.
In these animals, SC-236 reduced liver fibrosis as revealed by histological analysis and by a reduction in hepatic hydroxyproline levels, metalloproteinase-2 activity, and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18544128 Tutau F, Rodriguez-Ortigosa C, Puche JE, Juanarena N, Monreal I, Garcia Fernandez M, Clavijo E, Castilla A, Castilla-Cortazar I: Enhanced actions of insulin-like growth factor-I and interferon-alpha co-administration in experimental cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2009 Jan;29(1):37-46. Epub 2008 Jun 9.


METHODS: The mechanisms underlying the effects of these agents were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, determining the expression of some factors [hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen, tissular inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and pregnane X receptor (PXR)] involved in fibrogenesis, fibrolysis and/or hepatoprotection.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18506890 Aram G, Potter JJ, Liu X, Torbenson MS, Mezey E: Lack of inducible nitric oxide synthase leads to increased hepatic apoptosis and decreased fibrosis in mice after chronic carbon tetrachloride administration. Hepatology. 2008 Jun;47(6):2051-8.

Also tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) mRNA was increased to a much greater extent in the WT than in the iNOS (-/-) mice after CCl (4) (P < 0.05).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15633229 Shi GF, Li Q: Effects of oxymatrine on experimental hepatic fibrosis and its mechanism in vivo. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jan 14;11(2):268-71.

AIM: Hepatic fibrogenesis has close relation with hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP).
METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups; 16 were used to develop hepatic fibrosis by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and treated with or without OM, and 16 were used as controls.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20044807 Moreno M, Gonzalo T, Kok RJ, Sancho-Bru P, van Beuge M, Swart J, Prakash J, Temming K, Fondevila C, Beljaars L, Lacombe M, van der Hoeven P, Arroyo V, Poelstra K, Brenner DA, Gines P, Bataller R: Reduction of advanced liver fibrosis by short-term targeted delivery of an angiotensin receptor blocker to hepatic stellate cells in rats. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):942-52.


Rats with advanced liver fibrosis due to prolonged bile duct ligation or carbon tetrachloride administration were treated with daily doses of saline, losartan-M6PHSA, M6PHSA or oral losartan during 3 days.
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