Protein Information

Name transforming growth factor beta 1
Synonyms CED; DPD 1; DPD1; TGF beta; TGF beta 1; TGFB; TGFB 1; TGFB1…

Compound Information

Name carbon tetrachloride
CAS tetrachloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
14724832 Kamada Y, Tamura S, Kiso S, Matsumoto H, Saji Y, Yoshida Y, Fukui K, Maeda N, Nishizawa H, Nagaretani H, Okamoto Y, Kihara S, Miyagawa J, Shinomura Y, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y: Enhanced carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice lacking adiponectin. Gastroenterology. 2003 Dec;125(6):1796-807.

RESULTS: When mice were administered carbon tetrachloride (300 microL/kg body weight) twice a week for 12 weeks, knockout mice showed extensive liver fibrosis with an enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and connective tissue growth factor compared with wild-type mice (P < 0.05).
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15158334 Black D, Bird MA, Samson CM, Lyman S, Lange PA, Schrum LW, Qian T, Lemasters JJ, Brenner DA, Rippe RA, Behrns KE: Primary cirrhotic hepatocytes resist TGFbeta-induced apoptosis through a ROS-dependent mechanism. J Hepatol. 2004 Jun;40(6):942-51.

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15983038 Nieto N, Cederbaum AI: S-adenosylmethionine blocks collagen I production by preventing transforming growth factor-beta induction of the COL1A2 promoter. J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 2;280(35):30963-74. Epub 2005 Jun 27.

To study the anti-fibrogenic mechanisms of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), transgenic mice harboring the -17 kb to +54 bp of the collagen alpha2 (I) promoter (COL1A2) cloned upstream from the beta-gal reporter gene were injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce fibrosis and coadministered either AdoMet or saline.
Lipid peroxidation, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) expression, and decreases in glutathione levels were prevented by AdoMet.
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18712785 Nitta T, Kim JS, Mohuczy D, Behrns KE: Murine cirrhosis induces hepatocyte epithelial mesenchymal transition and alterations in survival signaling pathways. Hepatology. 2008 Sep;48(3):909-19.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) is upregulated in the cirrhotic liver, and cirrhotic hepatocytes, unlike normal hepatocytes exposed to this cytokine, exhibit decreased apoptosis.
Here, chronic murine liver injury was induced by twice-weekly carbon tetrachloride administration for 8 weeks.
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18395914 Wu XL, Zeng WZ, Jiang MD, Qin JP, Xu H: Effect of Oxymatrine on the TGFbeta-Smad signaling pathway in rats with CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr 7;14(13):2100-5.

Experimental hepatic fibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 soluted in liquid paraffin with the concentration of 300 g/L, the dosage of injection was 3 mL/kg, twice per week for 8 wk).
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19463821 Sonoyama T, Tamura N, Miyashita K, Park K, Oyamada N, Taura D, Inuzuka M, Fukunaga Y, Sone M, Nakao K: Inhibition of hepatic damage and liver fibrosis by brain natriuretic peptide. FEBS Lett. 2009 Jun 18;583(12):2067-70. Epub 2009 May 20.

In this study, effects of BNP on liver fibrosis were examined in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-induced liver fibrosis model using BNP-transgenic (Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice.
Twice-a-week intraperitoneal injections of CCl (4) for 8 weeks resulted in massive liver fibrosis, augmented transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta (1) and type I procollagen alpha (1) chain (Col1a1) mRNA expression, and the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in WT mice, all of which were significantly suppressed in Tg mice.
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14974966 Uchio K, Graham M, Dean NM, Rosenbaum J, Desmouliere A: Down-regulation of connective tissue growth factor and type I collagen mRNA expression by connective tissue growth factor antisense oligonucleotide during experimental liver fibrosis. Wound Repair Regen. 2004 Jan-Feb;12(1):60-6.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 is a major mediator of liver fibrosis.
We have used antisense oligonucleotides to examine the role of CTGF in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20333785 Yang FR, Fang BW, Lou JS: Effects of Haobie Yangyin Ruanjian Decoction on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Mar 28;16(12):1458-64.

CONCLUSION: HYRD can inhibit hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl (4) in rats, which is probably associated with its down-regulation on fibrogenic signal transduction of TGFbeta-Smad pathway.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19501992 Cheung KF, Ye DW, Yang ZF, Lu L, Liu CH, Wang XL, Poon RT, Tong Y, Liu P, Chen YC, Lau GK: Therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine 319 recipe on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jul 6;124(1):142-50. Epub 2009 Mar 20.

The expression levels of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-B), PDGF-Rbeta, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20198635 Sobrevals L, Rodriguez C, Romero-Trevejo JL, Gondi G, Monreal I, Paneda A, Juanarena N, Arcelus S, Razquin N, Guembe L, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G, Prieto J, Fortes P: Insulin-like growth factor I gene transfer to cirrhotic liver induces fibrolysis and reduces fibrogenesis leading to cirrhosis reversion in rats. e1-4. Epub 2009 Jan 6.

Rats with liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) given orally for 8 weeks were injected through the hepatic artery with saline or with Simian virus 40 vectors encoding IGF-I (SVIGF-I), or luciferase (SVLuc).
SVIGF-I therapy induced down-regulation of the profibrogenic molecules transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), amphiregulin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and induction of the antifibrogenic and cytoprotective hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
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17223571 Xu D, Wu Y, Liao ZX, Wang H: Protective effect of verapamil on multiple hepatotoxic factors-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Pharmacol Res. 2007 Apr;55(4):280-6. Epub 2006 Dec 19.

Multiple hepatotoxic factors including carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)), ethanol and high cholesterol were used to make the animal model of liver fibrosis.
Samples of the liver obtained by biopsy were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical studies for the expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and transforming growth factor-beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)).
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20052656 Taura K, Miura K, Iwaisako K, Osterreicher CH, Kodama Y, Penz-Osterreicher M, Brenner DA: Hepatocytes do not undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):1027-36.

We induced liver fibrosis by repetitive carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) injections.
Upon stimulation with transforming growth factor beta-1, cultured hepatocytes isolated from untreated liver expressed both GFP and beta-gal with a fibroblast-like morphological change but lacked expression of other mesenchymal markers.
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14761280 Li X, Meng Y, Yang XS, Zhang ZS, Wu PS, Zou JL: [Perindopril attenuates the progression of CCl4-inducing rat hepatic fibrosis]. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):912-21.


Meanwhile, the protein expressions of AT1 receptor, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in liver tissue were examined by Western blot.
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19250650 Urtasun R, Cubero FJ, Vera M, Nieto N: Reactive nitrogen species switch on early extracellular matrix remodeling via induction of MMP1 and TNFalpha. Gastroenterology. 2009 Apr;136(4):1410-22


However, highly activated HSC, such as myofibroblasts and HSC from chronic alcohol-fed rats, were resistant to the anti-fibrogenic actions of ONOO- due to higher levels of GSH, a ONOO- scavenger, overproduction of pro-fibrogenic TGFbeta, and reactive oxygen species.
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15619341 Gong ZJ, Song SL, Huang YQ, Ruan P: [Effects of perindopril and valsartan on the expression of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta receptor II mRNA, Smad3 and Smad7 in experimental hepatic fibrotic rats]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2004 Dec;12(12):737-40.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker on TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta receptor II mRNA, Smad3 and Smad7 on rat liver fibrosis.
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18427963 Bahcecioglu IH, Koca SS, Poyrazoglu OK, Yalniz M, Ozercan IH, Ustundag B, Sahin K, Dagli AF, Isik A: Hepatoprotective effect of infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha agent, on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. Inflammation. 2008 Aug;31(4):215-21. Epub 2008 Apr 22.

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