Protein Information

Name C18
Synonyms B1; D1; BBS 9; BBS9; BBS9 GENE; Bardet Biedl syndrome 9 protein; C18; PTH responsive osteosarcoma B1 protein…

Compound Information

Name methylene chloride
CAS dichloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
1783585 Holland DC, Faul KC, Roybal JE, Munns RK, Shimoda W: Liquid chromatographic determination of chlortetracycline hydrochloride in ruminant and poultry/swine feeds. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1991 Sep-Oct;74(5):780-4.

CTC is extracted from ground feed/premix with acidified acetone, and the extract is filtered through a Millex-HV filter or disposable C18 column.
The filtrate is partitioned with methylene chloride when additional cleanup is necessary.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20352937 Liang C, Cheng L, Shen J, Zhang Y, Zhang S: [Determination of 5 polyether antibiotics in chicken tissues by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry]. Se Pu. 2009 Nov;27(6):815-9.

The target drugs were eluted with 6 mL methylene chloride-methanol (90:10, v/v), and the eluate was collected and dried under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas, then the residue was dissolved with 1 mL acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid) and analyzed by LC-MS/MS.
The LC separation was performed on a Symmetry Shield reversed phase C18 bonded silica column with acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid)-0.1% formic acid (97:3, v/v) as mobile phase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18282578 Ghassempour A, Abbaci M, Talebpour Z, Spengler B, Rompp A: Monitoring of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetic products by ion-pair complex liquid chromatography and identification with negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2008 Mar 21;1185(1):43-8. Epub 2007 Dec 24.

The resulting complex was analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using a Eurospher-100 C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm), water/acetonitrile (95/5, v/v) and UV detection at 234 nm.
For real sample analyses, NDELA was measured in cosmetic products after clean up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with C (18) cartridge for water-soluble samples and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) by methylene chloride for less water-soluble samples.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10689588 Cirimele V, Kintz P, Dumestre V, Goulle JP, Ludes B: Identification of ten corticosteroids in human hair by liquid chromatography-ionspray mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int. 2000 Jan 10;107(1-3):381-8.

Hair strands were washed in methylene chloride, pulverized in a ball mill and 50 mg of the powdered hair were incubated in 1 ml Soerensen buffer, pH 7.6 for 16 h at 40 degrees C, in presence of 50 ng cortisol-d3 used as internal standard.
Purification of the incubation medium was achieved on SPE C18 Isolute extraction columns.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1787151 Van Vliet T, Van Schaik F, Van Schoonhoven J, Schrijver J: Determination of several retinoids, carotenoids and E vitamers by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1991 Aug 16;553(1-2):179-86.

The first system consists of a laboratory-packed Hypersil-ODS 3-microns column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-methylene chloride-methanol-water (70:10:15:5, v/v).
The second system consists of a laboratory-packed Nucleosil C18 3-microns column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1 M ammonium acetate (80:20, v/v).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11382933 Pico Y, Font G, Balana-Fouce R, Ordonez C, Abbas D, Barbe J: Analysis of pyridoquinoline derivatives by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2001;15(11):862-6.


LC separation was performed on a conventional C18 column using a binary mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 50 mM aqueous ammonium formate at pH 3.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9409003 Song D, Zhang S: Rapid determination of 1,4-dioxane in water by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1997 Nov 7;787(1-2):283-7.

Dioxane in water sample was extracted by hexane-methylene chloride (80:20, v/v) then transferred to a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and eluted by acetonitrile.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
9140776 Tokunaga H, Kudo K, Jitsufuchi N, Ohtsuka Y, Imamura T: Sensitive determination of sulpiride in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Mar 28;691(1):203-7.

A Sep-Pak C18 cartridge was used to extract a sample from 1 ml of plasma.
The extract was dissolved in methylene chloride, and then back-extracted with 0.01 M hydrochloric acid.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15386628 Sottani C, Tranfo G, Bettinelli M, Faranda P, Spagnoli M, Minoia C: Trace determination of anthracyclines in urine: a new high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for assessing exposure of hospital personnel. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18(20):2426-36.

Urine samples were loaded onto Bond Elut C18 cartridges.
The analytes were eluted in methylene chloride/2-propanol (1:1, v/v) and then evaporated to dryness.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1484107 Klimes J, Sochor J, Zahradnicek M, Sedlacek J: Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of salicylates in whole blood, plasma and isolated erythrocytes. J Chromatogr. 1992 Dec 23;584(2):221-8.

Methylene chloride proved to be the best of the organic solvents tested.
Separation was performed using reversed-phase chromatography on Separon SGX C18 and ultraviolet detection at 236 nm.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8971603 Paar WD, Frankus P, Dengler HJ: High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the simultaneous determination of tramadol and its metabolites in microsomal fractions of human liver. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1996 Nov 15;686(2):221-7.

Tramadol and its in vitro generated Phase I metabolites are extracted by a one-step extraction procedure from microsomal incubation mixtures using methylene chloride.
The isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic system employs a C18 reversed-phase column.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10574215 Hernando D, Saurina J, Hernandez-Cassou S: Liquid chromatographic determination of aniline in table-top sweeteners based on pre-column derivatization with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate. J Chromatogr A. 1999 Oct 29;859(2):227-33.


The separation of aniline derivative from other amine impurities was carried out in a C18 column using a 2% acetic acid-methanol (40:60, v/v) mobile phase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10821413 Cirimele V, Kintz P, Ludes B: Testing of the anabolic stanozolol in human hair by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Apr 14;740(2):265-71.

The sample preparation involved a decontamination step of the hair with methylene chloride and the sonication in methanol of 100 mg of powdered hair for 2 h.
The homogenate was neutralized and extracted using consecutively a solid-phase (Isolute C18) and a liquid-liquid (pentane) extraction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2289919 MacIntosh AI: Liquid chromatographic determination of cephapirin residues in milk. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1990 Nov-Dec;73(6):880-2.

Diluted milk was passed through a C18 cartridge on which the cephapirin was adsorbed; then, interfering material was removed by washing with water and methylene chloride and cephapirin residues were eluted with methanol-acetonitrile (25 + 75).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
3624378 Shiga N, Matano O, Goto S: Residue analysis of triflumizole and its metabolite in crops by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1987 Jun 19;396:327-35.

Triflumizole and Met in sample crops were extracted with methanol and re-extracted into methylene chloride.
The HPLC column was packed with Nucleosil 5 C18 (ODS, 5 micron) and the eluent was acetonitrile-3 mM carbonate buffer (7:3, v/v, pH 9.0).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15740923 Kim CK, Yeon KJ, Ban E, Hyun MJ, Kim JK, Kim MK, Jin SE, Park JS: Narrow-bore high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of cetirizine in human plasma using column switching. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2005 Mar 9;37(3):603-9. Epub 2004 Dec 19.

Plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction using methylene chloride.
The samples extracted were initially injected into a clean-up Capcell Pak MF C8 column and the peaks of cetirizine and internal standard were separated to an analytical C18 micro-column via column switching device.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16872573 Kintz P, Villain M, Cirimele V: Determination of trimeprazine-facilitated sedation in children by hair analysis. J Anal Toxicol. 2006 Jul-Aug;30(6):400-2.

The aqueous phase was extracted by 5 mL of a mixture of diethyl ether/methylene chloride (80:20) in presence of diazepam-d (5) used as the internal standard (IS).
Hair extract was separated on a XTerra MS C18 column using a gradient of acetonitrile and formate buffer.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17208400 Kintz P, Evans J, Villain M, Salquebre G, Cirimele V: Hair analysis for diphenhydramine after surreptitious administration to a child. Forensic Sci Int. 2007 Dec 20;173(2-3):171-4. Epub 2007 Jan 8.

The hair extract was separated on an XTerra MS C18 column using a gradient of acetonitrile and formate buffer.
The aqueous phase was extracted with 5 ml of a mixture of methylene chloride/diethyl ether (80/20), in presence of diazepam-d5, used as internal standard (IS).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12423012 Kintz P, Cirimele V, Ludes B: Blood investigation in a fatality involving the veterinary drug T-61. J Anal Toxicol. 2002 Oct;26(7):529-31.

Mebezonium was quantitated using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after ion-pair extraction (saturated KI solution) with methylene chloride at pH 5.4 and separation on a 5-mm Nucleosil C18 column.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
3391940 Perfetti GA, Joe FL Jr, Fazio T, Page SW: Liquid chromatographic methodology for the characterization of orange juice. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1988 May-Jun;71(3):469-73.

After dilution with methanol the juice is extracted with hexane to remove the carotenoids, which are chromatographed on a C18 column with an acetonitrile-methanol-methylene chloride mobile phase and detection at 450 nm.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
2131807 Selinger K, Hill HM, Anslow JA, Gash D: A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of danazol in human serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1990;8(1):79-84.

Reversed-phase C8 and C18 columns were used with a column-switching valve, isocratic elution and UV detection.
Sample pretreatment involved extraction of the drug with pentane-methylene chloride.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7894660 Wong YN, Chien BM, D'mello AP: Analysis of corticosterone in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1994 Nov 18;661(2):211-8.

Rat plasma (0.5 ml) is extracted with methylene chloride, washed with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and then with water.
The extract is analyzed by HPLC on a C18 column with ultraviolet absorbance detection at 254 nm.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18592747 Sasanya JJ, Hall C, Wolf-Hall C: Analysis of deoxynivalenol, masked deoxynivalenol, and Fusarium graminearum pigment in wheat samples, using liquid chromatography-UV-mass spectrometry. J Food Prot. 2008 Jun;71(6):1205-13.

Extraction protocols using centrifugation and shaking, and methanol-methylene chloride (50:50 [vol/vol]) or acetonitrile-water (84:16 [vol/vol]) were assessed.
Purposively and randomly selected hard spring wheat samples were extracted with solvent filtered through a C18 column and analyzed using liquid chromatography-UV-mass spectrometry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11820291 Kintz P, Cirimele V, Dumestre-Toulet V, Villain M, Ludes B: Doping control for methenolone using hair analysis by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Jan 5;766(1):161-7.

The sample preparation involved a decontamination step of the hair with methylene chloride.
The homogenate was neutralized and extracted using consecutively a solid-phase (Isolute C18 eluted with methanol) and a liquid-liquid (pentane) extraction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15516307 Villain M, Cheze M, Dumestre V, Ludes B, Kintz P: Hair to document drug-facilitated crimes: four cases involving bromazepam. . J Anal Toxicol. 2004 Sep;28(6):516-9.

The aqueous phase was extracted with 5 mL of a mixture of diethyl ether/methylene chloride (80:20) in the presence of diazepam-d5, which was used as internal standard (IS).
Hair extract was separated on a XTerra MS C18 column using a gradient of acetonitrile and formate buffer.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11248508 Kintz P, Cirimele V, Dumestre-Toulet V, Ludes B: Doping control for nandrolone using hair analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2001 Mar;24(5-6):1125-30.

The sample preparation involved a decontamination step of the hair with methylene chloride.
The homogenate was neutralized and extracted using consecutively a solid phase (Isolute C18) and a liquid--liquid (pentane) extraction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8680598 Solfrizzo M, Visconti A: Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of visoltricin, acuminatopyrone and chlamydosporols in Fusarium cultures on maize. J Chromatogr A. 1996 Apr 12;730(1-2):69-73.

Maize cultures of several strains of F.tricinctum and F. chlamydosporum were analysed with this procedure after extraction with aqueous methanol, partitioning with methylene chloride and clean-up with a C18 minicolumn.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18520608 Dennison JB, Renbarger JL, Walterhouse DO, Jones DR, Hall SD: Quantification of vincristine and its major metabolite in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit. 2008 Jun;30(3):357-64.

Vinblastine (internal standard), vincristine, and M1 in plasma were extracted in methylene chloride after acidification with TCAA.
The analytes were separated on an Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column (2.1 x 150 mm) with a 5-mum particle size using a gradient elution with a run time of 20 min.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11367765 Li Z, Peng G, Zhang S: [Separation and determination of carotenoids in Fructus lycii by isocratic non-aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography]. Se Pu. 1998 Jul;16(4):341-3.

High performance liquid chromatography using a non-aqueous reversed phase with isocratic elution of C18 columns is a powerful tool for investigating the carotenoid composition of Fructus Lycii.
An optimum solvent system consisting of acetonitrile and methylene chloride is suitable for simultaneous separation of compounds from polar xanthophylls to nonpolar carotenoid esters.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17371042 Filigenzi MS, Poppenga RH, Tiwary AK, Puschner B: Determination of alpha-amanitin in serum and liver by multistage linear ion trap mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Apr 18;55(8):2784-90. Epub 2007 Mar 20.

Serum was initially prepared by precipitation of proteins with acetonitrile and subsequent removal of acetonitrile with methylene chloride.
For both matrices, the aqueous phase was then extracted using mixed-mode C18/cation exchange SPE cartridges and analyzed on a linear ion trap LC-MS system.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8887718 Van Noord T, Wright DS, Kuo BS: Development of HPLC plasma assays for CAM 4515 and CAM 4750, two new nonpeptide tachykinin antagonists, and application to bioavailability studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1996 Sep;14(12):1709-16.

Extraction of CAM 4515 from plasma involved protein precipitation with acetonitrile, while that for CAM 4750 involved a one-step liquid-liquid extraction with methylene chloride.
The analytes in extracts were chromatographed on a C18 column using two different separation buffers, 47% 0.02 M sodium citrate (pH 3.5)-53% acetonitrile for CAM 4515 and 59% 0.02 M potassium phosphate dibasic (pH 7.0)-41% acetonitrile for CAM 4750, and both compounds were detected by fluorescence (excitation 278 nm; emission 342 nm).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15193738 Jin SE, Ban E, Kim YB, Kim CK: Development of HPLC method for the determination of levosulpiride in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2004 Jun 29;35(4):929-36.

After extraction with ethylacetate/methylene chloride (5:1, v/v), analysis of levosulpiride in plasma samples was carried out using a reverse phase C18 column with fluorescence detector (maximum excitation at 300 nm and maximum emission at 365 nm) for separation and quantification.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16716771 Villain M, Tournoud C, Flesch F, Cirimele V, Kintz P: Hair to document exposure to glibenclamide. . J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Oct 2;842(2):111-5. Epub 2006 May 22.

A liquid/liquid extraction was realized with a mixture of diethyl ether/methylene chloride, and hair extract was separated on a XTerra MS C18 column using a gradient of acetonitrile and formate buffer.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
15451082 Villain M, Cheze M, Tracqui A, Ludes B, Kintz P: Testing for zopiclone in hair application to drug-facilitated crimes. Forensic Sci Int. 2004 Oct 29;145(2-3):117-21.

After pH 8.4 buffer incubation and extraction with methylene chloride/diethyl ether (80/20 (v/v)), hair extracts were separated on a Xterra MS C18 column using a gradient of acetonitrile and formate buffer.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2171381 Huwyler J, Gut J: Single-step organic extraction of leukotrienes and related compounds and their simultaneous analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem. 1990 Aug 1;188(2):374-82.


Separation and quantitation of products were performed on a Nucleosil 100 C18 column (5 microns, 4.6 X 250 mm) using, at pH 6.0, a gradient system comprising 72/28/0.02 (v/v/v) methanol/water/glacial acetic acid from 0 to 15 min, followed by a convex gradient to 76/24/0.02 (v/v/v) methanol/water/glacial acetic acid, followed by a 10-min hold at this methanol concentration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17432578 Zhu K, Wang P, Lin Y, Xiao S, Mei S: [Simultaneous determination of residues of malachite green, crystal violet and their leuco metabolites in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se Pu. 2007 Jan;25(1):66-9.

The target analytes were extracted from homogenized samples with a mixture of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer, partitioned against methylene chloride, and purified on tandem neutral alumina and PRS solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges.
Chromatographic separation was achieved by using a ZORBAX SB-C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate (0.5 mmol/L) and acetonitrile (10: 90, v/v) without on-line post-column oxidation with PbO2 which had been widely used in the previous methods.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9098983 Hsu CY, Walters RR: Assay of bropirimine in rat plasma by means of robotic solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 1997 Feb 21;762(1-2):243-9.

Using an automated sample processor, plasma samples were loaded onto C18 SPE columns and the drug eluted with ethanol-methylene chloride (10:90, v/v).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16139113 Kintz P, Villain M, Cheze M, Pepin G: Identification of alprazolam in hair in two cases of drug-facilitated incidents. Forensic Sci Int. 2005 Oct 29;153(2-3):222-6. Epub 2004 Dec 21.

After pH 8.4 buffer incubation and extraction with methylene chloride/diethyl ether (80/20, v/v), hair extracts were separated on a XTerra MS C18 column using a gradient of acetonitrile and formate buffer.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2380293 Rosseel MT, Lefebvre RA: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of propylthiouracil in plasma. J Chromatogr. 1990 May 16;507:247-51.

Propylthiouracil and the internal standard, methylthiouracil, are extracted from plasma with methylene chloride at pH 6 and the organic layer is evaporated to dryness.
The residue is chromatographed on a Chromspher C18 reversed-phase column using Pic B-7 (0.005 M 1-heptanesulphonic acid in water)-1% acetic acid-methanol (40:45:15, v/v/v) as the mobile phase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3624165 Roybal JE, Munns RK, Hurlbut JA, Shimoda W, Morrison TR, Vieira CL: Rapid liquid chromatographic determination of dimetridazole and ipronidazole in swine feed. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1987 Jul-Aug;70(4):626-30.

The drugs are released from feed by prewetting with a buffer, followed by extraction with either methanol or methylene chloride, depending on the drug level; if necessary, an acid-base cleanup is used before the liquid chromatographic analysis.
The analytes are separated on a C18 column and monitored at 320 nm for detection and quantitation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9686880 Sekhar EC, Rao TR, Sekhar KR, Naidu MU, Shobha JC, Rani PU, Kumar TV, Kumar VP: Determination of terazosin in human plasma, using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Jun 12;710(1-2):137-42.

The method comprises extraction with methylene chloride followed by chromatography on a C18 reversed-phase column.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
7581914 Zhai S, Korrapati MR, Wei X, Muppalla S, Vestal RE: Simultaneous determination of theophylline, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin in human plasma and saliva by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1995 Jul 21;669(2):372-6.

The biological fluid samples were extracted with methylene chloride-isopropyl alcohol prior to isocratic chromatography on a Waters C18 mu Bondapak column.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8454696 Lam YW, Chan DC, Rodriguez SY, Lintakoon JH, Lam TH: Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of chlorhexidine in saliva. J Chromatogr. 1993 Jan 29;612(1):166-71.

Saliva sample (200 microliters) was extracted into methylene chloride.
Chromatographic separation was achieved with a C18 column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05 M sodium acetate and 0.005 M heptanesulfonic acid (40:60, v/v).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9646945 Lee C, Goeger DE: Interference of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol in the quantitation of urinary free cortisol by immunoassay and its elimination by solid phase extraction. Clin Biochem. 1998 Jun;31(4):229-33.

Extraction of UFC by methylene chloride as recommended by some immunoassay kits yielded a significant constant error to the UFC results which was nearly proportional to the added levels of 6 beta-OHF.
Sep-Pak Plus C18 cartridges were used to remove 6 beta-OHF from the specimens, and optimum conditions for fractionating 6 beta-OHF from cortisol were determined by eluting the cartridge with a stepwise increment in methanol concentration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2613793 Williams DR, Carter GT, Pinho F, Borders DB: Process-scale reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purification of LL-E19020 alpha, a growth promoting antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lydicus ssp. tanzanius. J Chromatogr. 1989 Dec 22;484:381-90.

The antibiotic was recovered from the mobile phase by extraction with methylene chloride.
The resultant crude extract was subjected to reversed-phase (C18) chromatography on a process-scale high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) unit.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9832363 Yao M, Shah VR, Shyu WC, Srinivas NR: Sensitive liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for the simultaneous quantitation of nefazodone and its metabolites hydroxynefazodone m-chlorophenylpiperazine and triazole-dione in human plasma using single-ion monitoring. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Oct 23;718(1):77-85.

The method involved simultaneous protein precipitation with acetonitrile and liquid-liquid extraction with methylene chloride, after which the organic layer was evaporated to dryness.
The residue was reconstituted in 25% acetonitrile in 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 4.0), and an aliquot was injected onto a BDS Hypersil C18 column at a flow-rate of 0.3 ml/min.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3225310 Ng JH, Tan B: Analysis of palm oil carotenoids by HPLC with diode-array detection. J Chromatogr Sci. 1988 Sep;26(9):463-9.

Isocratic elution with 60% acetonitrile/35% methanol/5% methylene chloride at 2 mL/min on a 25-cm C18 column results in an analysis time of 30 min.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12613818 Kim H, Kumari P, Laughlin M, Hilbert MJ, Indelicato SR, Lim J, Lin CC, Nomeir AA: Use of high-performance liquid chromatographic and microbiological analyses for evaluating the presence or absence of active metabolites of the antifungal posaconazole in human plasma. J Chromatogr A. 2003 Feb 14;987(1-2):243-8.

The HPLC analysis involved extraction with a mixture of organic solvent (methylene chloride-hexane) followed by separation on a C18 column and quantification by UV absorbance at 262 nm.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8046063 Cathey CG, Huang ZG, Sarr AB, Clement BA, Phillips TD: Development and evaluation of a minicolumn assay for the detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk. J Dairy Sci. 1994 May;77(5):1223-31.

Briefly, raw or homogenized and pasteurized milk is diluted with water (1: 1, vol/vol) and passed through a C18 cartridge.
Aflatoxin M1 is then partitioned by polarity, eluted with acetone-methylene chloride, and added to the minicolumn.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9542138 Gokmen V, Acar J: Liquid chromatographic determination of beta-naphthoxyacetic acid in tomatoes. J Chromatogr A. 1998 Mar 6;798(1-2):167-71.


A reversed-phase C18 column was used for HPLC analysis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16250456 Lu H: [Resolution of carotenoid isomers in Lycium barbarum L. by heuristic evolving latent projection]. Se Pu. 2005 Jul;23(4):415-7.

Seven peaks were obtained by HPLC on a C18 column with acetonitrile-methylene chloride (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10746317 Huetos O, Ramos M, Martin de Pozuelo M, San Andres M, Reuvers TB: Determination of dexamethasone in feed by TLC and HPLC. Analyst. 1999 Nov;124(11):1583-7.

The procedures were developed after studying different extraction and clean-up procedures: feed extraction was optimized using methylene chloride and hexane followed by a tandem solid-phase clean-up step with silica and C18 cartridges.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12528565 Qin Y, Zou Y, Liang M, Huang Y, Yu Q, Feng P: [Determination of roxithromycin in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2001 Dec;32(4):612-4.

METHODS: RM and clarithromycin (internal standard) were extracted from alkalinized serum sample (500 microliters) with methylene chloride.
After evaporation of the organic layer, the residue was dissolved in 100 microliters of acetonitrile-ammonium phosphate (1:1, pH 6.0) and washed with n-hexane, then 20 microliters was injected onto a column (5 microns, 15 cm x 4.6 mm) of Penomenex luna C18.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2037654 Di Corcia A, Marchetti M: Rapid and sensitive determination of phenylurea herbicides in water in the presence of their anilines by extraction with a Carbopack cartridge followed by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1991 Mar 22;541(1-2):365-73.

With respect to an octadecyl (C18)-bonded silica cartridge, the Carbopack B cartridge had a far better extraction efficiency for polar phenylureas.
Organics trapped by the Carbopack cartridge are eluted by passage of 6 ml of methylene chloride-methanol (95:5, v/v).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8218527 Karnes HT, Wei AT, Dimenna GP: HPLC analysis of salinomycin in human plasma using pre-column oxidation and automated heart cut column switching. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1993 Sep;11(9):823-7.

Salinomycin and the internal standard narasin are extracted into iso-octane then subjected to silica gel solid-phase extraction in which the sample is washed with methylene chloride-methanol (98.5:15) then eluted with a 90:10 proportion of the same mixture.
The concentrated product was injected onto a C18 pre-column and heart cut from 1.85 to 3.65 min onto a C18 analytical column.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18647466 Xu F, Zhang Z, Bian Z, Tian Y, Jiao H, Liu Y: Azithromycin quantitation in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry: application to bioequivalence study. J Chromatogr Sci. 2008 Jul;46(6):479-84.

After the addition of the internal standard and 1.0M sodium hydroxide solution, plasma samples are extracted with a methylene chloride-ethyl acetate mixture (20:80, v/v).
The compounds are separated on a prepacked Shimadzu Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 (5 microm, 150 mm x 2.0 mm) column using a mixture of acetonitrile-water (65:35) (0.5% triethylamine, pH was adjusted to 6.2 with acetic acid) as the mobile phase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10815716 Zaater MF, Tahboub YR, Najib NM: RP-LC method for the determination of cetirizine in serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2000 Jun;22(5):739-44.

The method involves liquid phase extraction of cetirizine in methylene chloride, adding diazepam as an internal standard, followed by separation on a reversed phase C18 Novapak column (150 x 3.9 nm; 4 microm), and employing a UV-detection set at 230 nm at ambient temperature.
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3667832 Choi KE, Sinkule JA, Han DS, McGrath SC, Daly KM, Larson RA: High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for mitoxantrone in plasma using electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr. 1987 Sep 4;420(1):81-8.

Using methylene chloride, the extraction efficacy of mitoxantrone from plasma was 85.3% with a coefficient of variation less than 2.1%.
A reversed-phase, 10-microns muBondapak C18 analytical column (30 cm X 3.9 mm) with an isocratic mobile phase of 28% acetonitrile in 80 mM sodium formate buffer (pH 3.0) was used.
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19277964 Song N, Zhang S, Li Q, Liu C: Liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometry assay of bromotetrandrine in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr. 2009 Jun;23(6):623-9.


Bromotetrandrine and brodimoprim (internal standard, IS) were well separated by LC with a Dikma C18 column using methanol-ammonium formate aqueous solution (20 mm) containing 0.5% formic acid (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase.
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18644603 Gervais G, Brosillon S, Laplanche A, Helen C: Ultra-pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for multiresidue determination of pesticides in water. J Chromatogr A. 2008 Aug 22;1202(2):163-72. Epub 2008 Jul 9.


The separation was carried out on an acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 microm, 50 mm x 1 mm ID) using a gradient elution profile and mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile.
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7952055 Veningerova M, Prachar V, Uhnak J, Lukacsova M, Trnovec T: Determination of chlorinated phenols and cresols in human urine using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1994 Jul 1;657(1):103-10.


After acid hydrolysis, solid-phase extraction on Separcol SI C18 was used.
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1355791 Mannucci C, Caviglioli G, Perico A, Triolo A: High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of ronactolol in urine and plasma: evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy humans. J Pharm Sci. 1992 Jun;81(6):556-8.

For plasma samples, after addition of internal standard (IS), a single-step extraction of alkalinized plasma was performed with methylene chloride.
Urine samples were directly injected and chromatographed on a microbore C18 column with an ion-pairing mobile phase.
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3295535 Curvall M, Romert L, Norlen E, Enzell CR: Mutagen levels in urine from snuff users, cigarette smokers and non tobacco users--a comparison. Mutat Res. 1987 Jun;188(2):105-10.

A concentration procedure involving use of Sep-Pak C18 columns and elution with methylene chloride was used.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
15668809 Schothorst RC, Somers HH: Determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetic products by LC-MS-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2005 Feb;381(3):681-5. Epub 2005 Jan 25.


The sample is diluted with water and then a C18 clean-up is performed.
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16152949 Martinez-Lopez S, Morales-Noe A, Pastor-Garcia A, Morales-Rubio A, de la Guardia M: Sample preparation improvement in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determination in olive oils by gel permeation chromatography and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J AOAC Int. 2005 Jul-Aug;88(4):1247-54.


The determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in olive oil samples has been improved in order to obtain a fast methodology with a low limit of detection through the combination of liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile and preparative gel permeation chromatography (GPC) prior to the injection of purified extracts into a C18 column.
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7922154 Newman JW, Vedder JM, Jarman WM, Chang RR: A method for the determination of environmental contaminants in living marine mammals using microscale samples of blubber and blood. Chemosphere. 1994 Aug;29(4):671-81.


Sera samples were extracted using commercially available disposable C18 columns.
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9561758 D'Ascenzo G, Gentili A, Marchese S, Perret D: Development of a method based on liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry for analyzing imidazolinone herbicides in environmental water at part-per-trillion levels. J Chromatogr A. 1998 Mar 20;800(1):109-19.

Analytes were eluted from the GCB surface by 8 ml of a methylene chloride-methanol (80:20, v/v) solution acidified with formic acid, 25 mM.
A conventional 4.6 mm I.D. reversed-phase LC C18 column operating with a mobile phase flow-rate of 1 ml/min was used to chromatograph the analytes.
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2084131 Rop PP, Spinazzola J, Bresson M, Conquy T, Viala A: Determination of amineptine and its main metabolite in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography after solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr. 1990 Nov 16;532(2):351-61.

The method comprised adsorption on Extrelut column from alkaline plasma, elution with diethyl ether-methylene chloride, evaporation in the presence of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid and injection of the acid solution onto a mu Bondapak C18 column, using acetonitrile-0.025 M potassium dihydrogenphosphate as mobile phase and ultraviolet detection at 210 nm.
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16541392 Dong H, Xu F, Zhang Z, Tian Y, Chen Y: Simultaneous determination of spironolactone and its active metabolite canrenone in human plasma by HPLC-APCI-MS. J Mass Spectrom. 2006 Apr;41(4):477-86.

After the addition of estazolam as the internal standard (IS), plasma samples were extracted with methylene chloride : ethyl acetate mixture (20 : 80, v/v) and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a reversed-phase C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-water (57 : 43, v/v).
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18048080 Michalowicz J, Bukowska B, Duda W: The differences in phenolic content in rivers exposed and non-exposed to anthropogenic contamination. Chemosphere. 2008 Mar;71(4):735-41. Epub 2007 Nov 28.

The compounds were condensed (adsorbed) and eluted with methylene chloride on octadecyl C18 layer in a Baker Separex system.
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10517554 Crouch DJ, Rollins DE, Canfield DV, Andrenyak DM, Schulties JE: Quantitation of alprazolam and alpha-hydroxyalprazolam in human plasma using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol. 1999 Oct;23(6):479-85.

After the addition of deuterium labeled internal standards of AL and OH-AL, plasma samples were buffered to alkaline pH and extracted with toluene/methylene chloride (7:3).
Dried extract residues were reconstituted in HPLC mobile phase and injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column.
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8429084 Dunne C, Meaney M, Smyth M, Tuinstra LG: Multimycotoxin detection and clean-up method for aflatoxins, ochratoxin and zearalenone in animal feed ingredients using high-performance liquid chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1993 Jan 22;629(2):229-35.


The liquid chromatographic method developed for the separation of the six mycotoxins involves gradient elution with a reversed-phase C18 column and fluorescence detection.
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2010509 Chmielowiec D, Schuster D, Gengo F: Determination of pindolol in human serum by HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci. 1991 Jan;29(1):37-9.

Pindolol is extracted into methylene chloride from 1 mL of alkalinized serum with a recovery of 87%.
Samples are eluted from a 5-micron C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm) with acetonitrile-water containing 0.1% triethylamine, pH adjusted to 3.5 with phosphoric acid (20:80 v/v).
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12617579 Billedeau SM, Heinze TM, Siitonen PH: Liquid chromatography analysis of erythromycin A in salmon tissue by electrochemical detection with confirmation by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Mar 12;51(6):1534-8.

The extract is then purified by solid phase extraction using a hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) polymeric-based C18 packing, followed by partitioning of EA into methylene chloride at alkaline pH, evaporation, and final dilution.
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1874899 Hoyer GL: Pirmenol determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1991 Apr 19;565(1-2):497-503.

The method consists of extraction of pirmenol and chlorodisopyramide (internal standard) from serum at an alkaline pH using methylene chloride.
The mobile phase consisted of 0.01 M K2HPO4 (pH 2.4)-acetonitrile (94:6, v/v) delivered at ambient temperature and 2 ml/min through a 25 cm x 0.4 mm C18 reversed-phase column.
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2354032 Wang DP, Tu YH, Allen LV Jr, Cheng FC: Degradation mechanism of nefopam in solution under stressed storage conditions. Acta Pharm Nord. 1990;2(2):73-82.

At least eight degradation products from the above solutions were collected from a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system with a C18 semipreparative column.
The collected eluents under each major peak were further purified by extraction with methylene chloride from alkaline solutions.
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9818421 Morera Pons S, Castellote Bargallo AI, Lopez Sabater MC: Analysis of human milk triacylglycerols by high-performance liquid chromatography with light-scattering detection. J Chromatogr A. 1998 Oct 9;823(1-2):475-82.


A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation of human milk triacylglycerols using a C18 Spherisorb ODS column and ternary gradient elution with dichloromethane, acetone and acetonitrile is described.
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10641933 Kintz P, Dumestre-Toulet V, Jamey C, Cirimele V, Ludes B: Doping control for beta-adrenergic compounds through hair analysis. J Forensic Sci. 2000 Jan;45(1):170-4.

After decontamination with methylene chloride (2 times, 2 min), a 200 mg hair strand is pulverized in a ball mill.
After neutralization of the acid phase with 0.1 N NaOH, a 2 mL bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.6) is added to the preparation, which is then purified by solid-phase extraction with Isolute C18 columns.
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9260675 Ferdous AJ, Bennefield SD, Singh M: A modified HPLC method for monensin analysis in liposomes and nanocapsules and its comparison with spectrophotometric and radioactive methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1997 Jul;15(11):1775-80.

Separation was achieved on a Beckman C18 reverse phase column with methanol-acetonitrile-methylene chloride-water-acetic acid (45:20:25:9.5: 0.5) as the mobile phase.
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12604836 Huggett DB, Foran CM, Brooks BW, Weston J, Peterson B, Marsh KE, La Point TW, Schlenk D: Comparison of in vitro and in vivo bioassays for estrogenicity in effluent from North American municipal wastewater facilities. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Mar;72(1):77-83.

Estrogenic activity, as measured by the YES assay, was observed in methanol and/or methylene chloride eluents from C18 extracts in two of the New York treatment facilities and the Texas facility.
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17261047 Weinstein RD, Richards J, Thai SD, Omiatek DM, Bessel CA, Faulkner CJ, Othman S, Jennings GK: Characterization of self-assembled monolayers from lithium dialkyldithiocarbamate salts. Langmuir. 2007 Feb 27;23(5):2887-91. Epub 2007 Jan 30.

We report the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) onto gold substrates by exposure to lithium dialkyldithiocarbamate salts [(Li+(R2DTC-), where R = n-propyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, or n-octadecyl] in ethanol or methylene chloride.
The hydrocarbon chains within the monolayers prepared from (C18) 2DTC- are less canted on average than those prepared from n-octadecanethiol.
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2314057 Rop PP, Bresson M, Antoine J, Spinazzola J, Fornaris M, Viala A: Quantitation and ultraviolet spectrum identification of buflomedil in whole blood and plasma by HPLC. J Anal Toxicol. 1990 Jan-Feb;14(1):18-21.

Buflomedil, a vasodilating agent, was determined in whole blood or plasma by HPLC with papaverine as internal standard after absorption of the alkaline sample on an Extrelut column and elution with diethylether-methylene chloride (70:30, v/v).
The eluate was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in 100 microL of the mobile phase; 20 microL of this solution were injected into a mu Bondapak C18 column (10 microns) using acetonitrile-0.125M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (40:60, v/v) as mobile phase and UV detection at 280 nm, followed by UV spectrum identification (between 200 and 350 nm) with a photodiode array detector.
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7841770 Stelling MS, Maniara WM, Powell ML: A quantitative analytical method for the determination of a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (CGS 22652) in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr. 1994 Sep-Oct;8(5):247-50.

The drug and internal standard (CGS 23298) were extracted with methylene chloride at pH 4.8.
Separations were achieved by reversed phase chromatography using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: 0.01M citrate/phosphate buffer (pH 3.5): methanol:tetrahydrofuran (45:45:9:1, v/v/v/v), on a 5 microns C18 column at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.
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1779659 Boukhabza A, Lugnier AA, Kintz P, Mangin P: Simultaneous HPLC analysis of the hypnotic benzodiazepines nitrazepam, estazolam, flunitrazepam, and triazolam in plasma. J Anal Toxicol. 1991 Nov-Dec;15(6):319-22.

After addition of the internal standard nor-prazepam, biological samples and calibration standards were extracted at basic pH into diethyl ether-methylene chloride (2:1, v/v).
The reconstituted extract was separated on a reversed-phase Nova Pak C18 column with acidic buffer (6mM)-acetonitrile-methanol (64:23:13, v/v) as mobile phase.
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17536748 Salquebre G, Bresson M, Villain M, Cirimele V, Kintz P: Clenbuterol determination in calf hair by UPLC-MS-MS: case report of a fraudulent use for cattle growth. J Anal Toxicol. 2007 Mar;31(2):114-8.

Hair specimens collected from two calves were decontaminated using hot water followed by methylene chloride.
After neutralization with 1 mL 0.1M NaOH, 2 mL of bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.6) were added and the preparation was then purified using solid-phase extraction with an Isolute C18 column.
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15702307 Parrilla Vazquez P, Gil Garcia MD, Barranco Martinez D, Martinez Galera M: Application of coupled-column liquid chromatography combined with post-column photochemically induced fluorimetry derivatization and fluorescence detection to the determination of pyrethroid insecticides in vegetable samples. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2005 Mar;381(6):1217-25. Epub 2005 Feb 9.


An internal surface reversed-phase (ISRP) column coupled to a C18 column for analyte clean-up and determination were used, respectively.
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15589817 Raul JS, Cirimele V, Ludes B, Kintz P: Detection of physiological concentrations of cortisol and cortisone in human hair. Clin Biochem. 2004 Dec;37(12):1105-11.

Hair strands were washed in methylene chloride, the first two centimeters of the strand were cut and pulverized in a ball mill.
Purification of the incubation medium was achieved on SPE C18 Isolute extraction columns followed by an alkaline liquid-liquid extraction with diethylether.
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11387968 Qin Y, Zou Y, Liang M, Huang Y, Yu Q: [Determination of 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, a major metabolite of nabumetone, in human plasma by HPLC]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1999 Dec;30(4):452-4.

High performance liquid chromatograph model 680 (Waters, USA) with a variable wavelength UV detector and reversed-phase YWG-C18 column (10 microns, 250 x 4.6 mm) was used.
After the addition of acetate buffer (pH3.0), the plasma sample was extracted with methylene chloride.
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9551815 Maniara WM, Cipriano A, Powell ML: Quantitative analytical methods for the determination of a new hypertension drug, CGS 25462, and its metabolites (CGS 25659 and CGS 24592) in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Mar 20;706(2):287-94.

CGS 25462 and CGS 25798 (internal standard) were purified by one-step liquid-liquid extraction with methylene chloride.
Separations were achieved on a Zorbax RX C18 column.
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7719452 Hagen SR, Thompson JD: Analysis of mycolic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection. J Chromatogr A. 1995 Feb 10;692(1-2):167-72.

The derivatized samples were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Novapak C18, 4 microns particle size, 150 mm x 3.9 mm stainless-steel column.
Two solvent systems were used: (1) methanol and methylene chloride with the column at 30 degrees C, and (2) methanol and isopropanol with the column at 50 degrees C.
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8218524 Aluri JB, Stavchansky S: Determination of guaifenesin in human plasma by liquid chromatography in the presence of pseudoephedrine. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1993 Sep;11(9):803-8.

Guaifenesin was extracted from plasma at pH 6.9-7.1 using methanol-methylene chloride (5:95, v/v) containing the internal standard mephenesin and pseudoephedrine.
The separation was performed on a mu Bondapak C18 column.
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