Protein Information

Name superoxide dismutase
Synonyms IPO B; Indophenoloxidase B; MNSOD; Manganese superoxide dismutase; Manganese containing superoxide dismutase; Mangano superoxide dismutase; Mn superoxide dismutase; Mn SOD…

Compound Information

Name methylene chloride
CAS dichloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8340389 Steinbeck MJ, Khan AU, Karnovsky MJ: Extracellular production of singlet oxygen by stimulated macrophages quantified using 9,10-diphenylanthracene and perylene in a polystyrene film. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 25;268(21):15649-54.

Production of O2 (1 delta g) by the stimulated cells was inhibited 80-89% by the addition of 60-120 micrograms of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and ground state molecular oxygen or 79-84% with the addition of 2 mM histidine, an avid quencher of O2 (1 delta g).
Glass coverslips were coated with the specific chemical trap for O2 (1 delta g), 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and perylene, which is an internal standard, in a methylene chloride solution containing 0.3 mg/ml polystyrene.
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15563889 Park JY, Cho HY, Kim JK, Noh KH, Yang JR, Ahn JM, Lee MO, Song YS: Chlorella dichloromethane extract ameliorates NO production and iNOS expression through the down-regulation of NF kappa B activity mediated by suppressed oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Jan;351(1-2):185-96.


RESULTS: Treatments of CDE reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) accumulation, enhancing glutathione level and activities of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and glutathione reductase in LPS-stimulated macrophages than LPS-only treated cells.
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10767764 Zhang JY, Fast DM, Schoenhard GL, Arora VK, Belas FJ, Blair IA: Quantitative determination of SC-68328 in dog plasma using flow injection and tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom. 2000 Mar;35(3):354-60.

Since SC-68328, a manganese-based superoxide dismutase mimetic, is very unstable, very polar and adheres to silica-based high-performance liquid chromatographic columns, the analyte and IS were derivatized to their bis-isothiocyanate forms followed by a liquid-liquid extraction with methylene chloride and analyzed using positive ion electrospray mass spectrometric detection.
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8035742 Soleo L: [The detoxification pathways of electrophilic intermediate compounds] . Med Lav. 1994 Jan-Feb;85(1):22-36.

Detoxification of the radical species occurs via cellular constituents, such as reduced glutathione, and via enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, GSH peroxidase, catalase.
Also in the case of methylene chloride, the greater susceptibility of the mouse to develop tumours compared with the rat seems to be connected with a greater production of S-chloromethyl-GSH in the mouse, although no specific oncogenic action has yet been demonstrated for this reactive intermediate.
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11102683 Morita T, Sakamura Y, Horikiri Y, Suzuki T, Yoshino H: Protein encapsulation into biodegradable microspheres by a novel S/O/W emulsion method using poly (ethylene glycol) as a protein micronization adjuvant. J Control Release. 2000 Dec 3;69(3):435-44.

Since this lyophilizate could be directly dispersed in an organic phase containing biodegradable polymer by dissolving PEG with methylene chloride, a conventional in-water drying method could be adopted in the second step.
Bovine superoxide dismutase (bSOD), as another model protein, could be encapsulated into reservoir-type microspheres by the 'polymer-alloys method' using both poly (DL-lactic acid) (PLA) and PLGA.
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