Protein Information

Name tumor necrosis factor alpha
Synonyms Cachectin; DIF; TNF; TNF alpha; TNF a; TNFA; TNFSF 2; TNFSF2…

Compound Information

Name methylene chloride
CAS dichloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
14512878 Sass G, Soares MC, Yamashita K, Seyfried S, Zimmermann WH, Eschenhagen T, Kaczmarek E, Ritter T, Volk HD, Tiegs G: Heme oxygenase-1 and its reaction product, carbon monoxide, prevent inflammation-related apoptotic liver damage in mice. Hepatology. 2003 Oct;38(4):909-18.

We found that up-regulation of endogenous HO-1 by cobalt-protoporphyrin-IX (CoPP) protected mice from apoptotic liver damage induced by anti-CD95 antibody (Ab) or d-galactosamine in combination with either anti-CD3 Ab, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).
Exogenous CO administration or treatment with the CO-releasing agent methylene chloride mimicked the protective effect of HO-1, whereas treatment with exogenous biliverdin or overexpression of ferritin by recombinant adenoviral gene transfer did not.
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20093788 Yoon T, Cheon MS, Lee AY, Lee do Y, Moon BC, Chun JM, Choo BK, Kim HK: Anti-inflammatory activity of methylene chloride fraction from Glehnia littoralis extract via suppression of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. J Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jan;112(1):46-55.

Also, MCF-GLE strongly inhibited the releases of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E (2) (PGE (2)), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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15486963 Sass G, Seyfried S, Parreira Soares M, Yamashita K, Kaczmarek E, Neuhuber WL, Tiegs G: Cooperative effect of biliverdin and carbon monoxide on survival of mice in immune-mediated liver injury. Hepatology. 2004 Nov;40(5):1128-35.

While in contrast to ferritin overexpression, single administration of the CO donor methylene chloride (MC) or of BV also protected mice from liver damage, only coadministration of both HO products prolonged survival and reduced the expression of cytokines, e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).
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18303179 Yokota S, Ohara N, Kobayashi T: The effects of organic extract of diesel exhaust particles on ischemia/reperfusion-related arrhythmia and on pulmonary inflammation. J Toxicol Sci. 2008 Feb;33(1):1-10.


In fact, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were unchanged with any of the fractions.
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