Protein Information

Name Acetylcholinesterase
Synonyms ACHE; ACHE protein; AChE; ARACHE; AcChoEase; Acetylcholine acetylhydrolase; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase isoform E4 E6 variant…

Compound Information

Name EPN
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16905305 Kim N, Park IS, Kim DK: High-sensitivity detection for model organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide with quartz crystal microbalance-precipitation sensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 2007 Mar 15;22(8):1593-9. Epub 2006 Aug 14.

When an inhibition study with the developed sensor was undertaken at the optimized AChE immobilization with varying concentrations of a model organophosphorus pesticide EPN and carbamate one carbofuran, a sensitive detection for them was possible with the limit of detection corresponding to 1.55 x 10 (-8) and 1.30 x 10 (-9) M, respectively.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
10321902 Barber D, Correll L, Ehrich M: Comparative effectiveness of organophosphorus protoxicant activating systems in neuroblastoma cells and brain homogenates. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 May 14;57(1):63-74.


The ability of bromine and rat liver microsomes (RLM) to convert organophosphorus (OP) protoxicants to esterase inhibitors was determined by measuring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) inhibition.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
15092751 Custer TW, Mitchell CA: Exposure to insecticides of brushland wildlife within the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA. Environ Pollut. 1987;45(3):207-20.


Mean brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of great-tailed grackles (Quiscalus mexicanus) and mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) was significantly lower than controls following application of some organophosphorous insecticides.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
10849798 Tsugawa W, Nakamura H, Sode K, Ohuchi S: Improvement of enantioselectivity of chiral organophosphate insecticide hydrolysis by bacterial phosphotriesterase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2000 Spring;84-86:311-7.


We determined the Ki value of each enantiomer toward electric eel acetylcholinesterase.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
6169754 El-Sebae AH, Soliman SA, Ahmed NS, Curley A: Biochemical interaction of six OP delayed neurotoxicants with several neurotargets. J Environ Sci Health B. 1981;16(4):465-74.


The six compounds and their oxons were screened for their in-vitro inhibition to monamine oxidase (MAO), acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and neurotoxic esterase (NTE) in the brain of either mouse, lamb or chicken.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
2730675 Forsyth CS, Chambers JE: Activation and degradation of the phosphorothionate insecticides parathion and EPN by rat brain. Biochem Pharmacol. 1989 May 15;38(10):1597-603.


These activations produced potent anticholinesterases, decreasing the I50 values to rat brain acetylcholinesterase almost 1000-fold (from the 10 (-5) M range to the 10 (-8) M range).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
438464 El-Sebae AH, Soliman SA, Ahmed NS: Delayed neuropathy in sheep by the phosphonothioate insecticide cyanofenphos. J Environ Sci Health B. 1979;14(3):247-63.


In weekly blood samples, AChE (acetylcholine-sterase) and MAO (monoamine oxidase) activities were inhibited depending upon level of dosing and time interval.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17335779 Schallreuter KU, Gibbons NC, Elwary SM, Parkin SM, Wood JM: Calcium-activated butyrylcholinesterase in human skin protects acetylcholinesterase against suicide inhibition by neurotoxic organophosphates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Apr 20;355(4):1069-74. Epub 2007 Feb 23.

Moreover, we confirmed the faster hydrolysis by calcium-activated BuchE using the neurotoxic organophosphate O-ethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl)-phenylphosphonothioate (EPN).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6525997 Awad OM: Molecular mechanism for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme by organophosphorothionates. Enzyme. 1984;32(4):193-200.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
11696925 Singh AK: QSAR for the organophosphate-induced inhibition and 'aging' of the enzyme neuropathy target esterase (NTE). SAR QSAR Environ Res. 2001;12(3):275-95.


Log10I50 for AChE that determined the OP concentration causing 50% inhibition in AChE activity, correlated with EBOND and Charge-1 (Eq. (3)).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6710528 Hoffman DJ, Sileo L: Neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (phenyl phosphonothioic acid-O-ethyl-O-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) on mallard development. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Apr;73(2):284-94.


Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was inhibited by as much as 41% at 11 days, 47% at 18 days, and 20% in hatchlings.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16004201 Fujikawa Y, Satoh T, Suganuma A, Suzuki S, Niikura Y, Yui S, Yamaura Y: Extremely sensitive biomarker of acute organophosphorus insecticide exposure. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2005 Jun;24(6):333-6.


The increase in plasma BG activity after OP exposure is a much more sensitive biomarker of acute OP exposure than acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11118318 Gopal S, Rastogi V, Ashman W, Mulbry W: Mutagenesis of organophosphorus hydrolase to enhance hydrolysis of the nerve agent VX. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Dec 20;279(2):516-9.


Based on the crystal structure of OPH and the similarities it shares with acetylcholinesterase, eight OPH mutants were constructed with the goal of increasing OPH activity toward VX.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2339420 Silveira CL, Eldefrawi AT, Eldefrawi ME: Putative M2 muscarinic receptors of rat heart have high affinity for organophosphorus anticholinesterases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1990 May;103(3):474-81.


Acetylcholinesterases are the primary targets for these OP compounds because of the irreversible nature of their inhibition, which results in building of acetylcholine concentrations that activate muscarinic and nicotinic receptors and desensitize them, thereby inhibiting respiration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6685263 Abou-Donia MB, Graham DG, Makkawy HA, Abdo KM: Effect of subchronic dermal application of O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate on producing delayed neurotoxicity in hens. Neurotoxicology. 1983 Summer;4(2):247-60.


EPN and TOCP treatments had a more profound effect on the activity of plasma butyrylcholinesterase than that of brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE). by contrast O,O,-diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (parathion) was more inhibitory to brain AChE.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2019992 Abou-Donia MB, Hu ZH, Lapadula DM, Gupta RP: Mechanisms of joint neurotoxicity of n-hexane, methyl isobutyl ketone and O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate in hens. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1991 Apr;257(1):282-9.


Hen brain acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase activities were inhibited in hens treated concurrently with EPN, n-hexane and MiBK.
1(0,0,0,1) Details