Protein Information

Name glial fibrillary acidic protein
Synonyms GFAP; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Glial fibrillary acidic proteins

Compound Information

Name IBA
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18977160 Wodarski R, Clark AK, Grist J, Marchand F, Malcangio M: Gabapentin reverses microglial activation in the spinal cord of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pain. 2009 Sep;13(8):807-11. Epub 2008 Oct 31.


Quantification of cell markers Iba-1 for microglia and GFAP for astrocytes revealed extensive activation of microglia in the dorsal horn of diabetic rats, whereas a reduction in the number of astrocytes could be observed.
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19122416 Lee CH, Hwang IK, Lee IS, Yoo KY, Choi JH, Lee BH, Won MH: Differential immunoreactivity of microglial and astrocytic marker protein in the hippocampus of the seizure resistant and sensitive gerbils. J Vet Med Sci. 2008 Dec;70(12):1405-9.


In the present study, we compared differences in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivities for microglia and astrocytes, respectively, in the hippocampus of the seizure-resistant (SR) and seizure-sensitive (SS) gerbils.
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19076732 He J, Overstreet DH, Crews FT: Abstinence from moderate alcohol self-administration alters progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in multiple brain regions of male and female P rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Jan;33(1):129-38. Epub 2008 Dec 10.


Animals were then killed 4 weeks later to conduct immunohistochemical and confocal analyses using antibodies against BrdU and other phenotypic markers (NeuN for mature neurons; Iba-1 for microglia; GFAP for astrocytes; and NG (2) for oligodendrocyte progenitors).
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17560721 Echeverry S, Shi XQ, Zhang J: Characterization of cell proliferation in rat spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury and the relationship with neuropathic pain. Pain. 2008 Mar;135(1-2):37-47. Epub 2007 Jun 8.


The majority of the proliferating cells were Iba-1 (+) microglia, together with some NG2 (+) oligodendrocyte progenitors, and GFAP (+) astrocytes.
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18055806 Du J, Tran T, Fu C, Sretavan DW: Upregulation of EphB2 and ephrin-B2 at the optic nerve head of DBA/2J glaucomatous mice coincides with axon loss. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Dec;48(12):5567-81.


EphB2 was expressed by F4/80 (+), MOMA2 (+), ED1 (-) macrophage-like cells, ephrin-B2 was expressed by Iba-1 (+) microglia and GFAP (+) astrocytes, whereas EphA4 was expressed by GFAP (+) astrocytes.
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19837065 Lathia JD, Chigurupati S, Thundyil J, Selvaraj PK, Mughal MR, Woodruff TM, Chan SL, Karamyan VT, Mattson MP, Arumugam TV: Pivotal role for beta-1 integrin in neurovascular remodelling after ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol. 2010 Jan;221(1):107-14. Epub 2009 Oct 21.


Double-label immunohistochemical analysis for beta1 integrin with neuronal (NeuN), microglial (Iba-1), astrocyte (GFAP), progenitor cell (Ng2) and blood vessel (collagen 4) markers showed that beta1 integrin expression only localized to blood vessels.
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20030829 Ryu JK, Cho T, Wang YT, McLarnon JG: Neural progenitor cells attenuate inflammatory reactivity and neuronal loss in an animal model of inflamed AD brain. J Neuroinflammation. 2009 Dec 23;6:39.


Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out (7 d post-NPC transplantation, 10 d post-peptide/PBS injection) for GFP, microgliosis (Iba-1 marker), astrogliosis (GFAP marker), neuron viability (MAP-2 marker) and levels of the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha.
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10776916 Isaksson J, Farooque M, Olsson Y: Spinal cord injury in ICAM-1-deficient mice: assessment of functional and histopathological outcome. J Neurotrauma. 2000 Apr;17(4):333-44.


Luxol-stained, MAP2-, GFAP- and iba-1-immunostained cross-sectional areas were quantitated using a computerized image analysis system to investigate white matter damage, neuronal loss, astrocytic response and microglial activation respectively.
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18343932 Zecca L, Wilms H, Geick S, Claasen JH, Brandenburg LO, Holzknecht C, Panizza ML, Zucca FA, Deuschl G, Sievers J, Lucius R: Human neuromelanin induces neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the rat substantia nigra: implications for Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2008 Jul;116(1):47-55. Epub 2008 Mar 15.


After different survival times (1, 8 or 12 weeks), brain slices from the cerebral cortex or substantia nigra (SN, 1 week) were stained with Iba-1 and/or GFAP antibody to monitor microglial and astrocytic reaction, and with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to monitor dopaminergic cell survival (SN group only).
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19913017 Louboutin JP, Reyes BA, Agrawal L, Van Bockstaele EJ, Strayer DS: HIV-1 gp120-induced neuroinflammation: relationship to neuron loss and protection by rSV40-delivered antioxidant enzymes. Exp Neurol. 2010 Jan;221(1):231-45. Epub 2009 Nov 11.


ED1- and GFAP-positive cells correlated with neuron loss and gp120 dose.
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19582534 Cho Y, Son HJ, Kim EM, Choi JH, Kim ST, Ji IJ, Choi DH, Joh TH, Kim YS, Hwang O: Doxycycline is neuroprotective against nigral dopaminergic degeneration by a dual mechanism involving MMP-3. Neurotox Res. 2009 Nov;16(4):361-71. Epub 2009 Jul 7.


In vivo, doxycycline provided neuroprotection of the nigral DAergic neurons following MPTP treatment, as assessed by tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry and silver staining, and suppressed microglial activation and astrogliosis as assessed by Iba-1 and GFAP immunochemistry, respectively.
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18612315 Hilton GD, Stoica BA, Byrnes KR, Faden AI: Roscovitine reduces neuronal loss, glial activation, and neurologic deficits after brain trauma. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008 Nov;28(11):1845-59. Epub 2008 Jul 9.


Treatment also decreased microglial activation after TBI, as reflected by reductions in ED1, galectin-3, p22 (PHOX), and Iba-1 levels, and attenuated astrogliosis, as shown by decreased accumulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein.
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19374947 White CL, Pistell PJ, Purpera MN, Gupta S, Fernandez-Kim SO, Hise TL, Keller JN, Ingram DK, Morrison CD, Bruce-Keller AJ: Effects of high fat diet on Morris maze performance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats: contributions of maternal diet. Neurobiol Dis. 2009 Jul;35(1):3-13. Epub 2009 Apr 15.


HFD was also associated with significant increases in 3-nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-6, and glial markers Iba-1 and GFAP, with the largest increases frequently observed in HFD animals born to HFD dams.
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18165263 Borda JT, Alvarez X, Mohan M, Ratterree MS, Phillippi-Falkenstein K, Lackner AA, Bunnell BA: Clinical and immunopathologic alterations in rhesus macaques affected with globoid cell leukodystrophy. Am J Pathol. 2008 Jan;172(1):98-111. Epub 2007 Dec 28.


CCL2-expressing cells were detected throughout the affected white matter, colocalizing with GFAP+ cells and astrocytes.
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18775685 Payes AC, Zanon RG, Pierucci A, Oliveira AL: MHC class I upregulation is not sufficient to rescue neonatal alpha motoneurons after peripheral axotomy. Brain Res. 2008 Oct 31;1238:23-30. Epub 2008 Aug 23.


The results were analyzed by counting Nissl stained motoneurons, immunohistochemistry (anti-synaptophysin, MHC class I, GFAP and Iba-1) and transmission electron microscopy.
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17158026 Vega-Avelaira D, Moss A, Fitzgerald M: Age-related changes in the spinal cord microglial and astrocytic response profile to nerve injury. Brain Behav Immun. 2007 Jul;21(5):617-23. Epub 2006 Dec 8.


The levels of the microglial markers OX-42 and IBA-1 and of the astrocytic marker GFAP were analysed using immunohistochemistry and Western blots.
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19103252 Scorisa JM, Zanon RG, Freria CM, de Oliveira AL: Glatiramer acetate positively influences spinal motoneuron survival and synaptic plasticity after ventral root avulsion. Neurosci Lett. 2009 Feb 13;451(1):34-9. Epub 2008 Dec 16.


A correlation between the synaptic changes and glial activation was obtained by performing immunolabeling against synaptophysin, GFAP and Iba-1.
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17676428 Takagi S, Hayakawa N, Kimoto H, Kato H, Araki T: Damage to oligodendrocytes in the striatum after MPTP neurotoxicity in mice. J Neural Transm. 2007;114(12):1553-7. Epub 2007 Aug 6.


In contrast, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and Iba-1 protein in the striatum showed a significant increase of GFAP and Iba-1 protein levels 3 and 7 days after MPTP treatment.
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18538310 Romero-Sandoval A, Chai N, Nutile-McMenemy N, Deleo JA: A comparison of spinal Iba1 and GFAP expression in rodent models of acute and chronic pain. Brain Res. 2008 Jul 11;1219:116-26. Epub 2008 May 11.

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19472050 Kimoto H, Eto R, Abe M, Kato H, Araki T: Alterations of glial cells in the mouse hippocampus during postnatal development. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2009 Dec;29(8):1181-9. Epub .


Neuronal nuclei (NeuN), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba 1) immunoreactivity were measured in 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-week-old mice.
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19966940 Rrapo E, Zhu Y, Tian J, Hou H, Smith A, Fernandez F, Tan J, Giunta B: Green Tea-EGCG reduces GFAP associated neuronal loss in HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice. Am J Transl Res. 2009 Jan 1;1(1):72-9.

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18496347 Hatashita S, Sekiguchi M, Kobayashi H, Konno S, Kikuchi S: Contralateral neuropathic pain and neuropathology in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord following hemilateral nerve injury in rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 May 20;33(12):1344-51.


OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the longitudinal changes in contralateral mechanical allodynia, expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive satellite cells in the contralateral dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and expression of astrocytes and microglia in the contralateral spinal dorsal horn after hemilateral spinal nerve injury in rats.
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16835629 Villa P, van Beek J, Larsen AK, Gerwien J, Christensen S, Cerami A, Brines M, Leist M, Ghezzi P, Torup L: Reduced functional deficits, neuroinflammation, and secondary tissue damage after treatment of stroke by nonerythropoietic erythropoietin derivatives. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007 Mar;27(3):552-63. Epub 2006 Jul 12.


Brain sections were stained and analyzed for Iba-1, myeloperoxidase, Tau-1, CD68 (ED1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Fluoro-Jade B staining, and overall infarct volumes.
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12843240 Martin A, Hofmann HD, Kirsch M: Glial reactivity in ciliary neurotrophic factor-deficient mice after optic nerve lesion. J Neurosci. 2003 Jul 2;23(13):5416-24.


Application of CNTF upregulates GFAP expression in cultured astrocytes and induces various aspects of gliosis in the intact brain.
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20353427 Uchida H, Yokoyama H, Kimoto H, Kato H, Araki T: Long-term changes in the ipsilateral substantia nigra after transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats. Int J Exp Pathol. 2010 Mar 26.


In the present study, we investigated long-term changes in the ipsilateral substantia nigra from 1 up to 20 weeks after 90 min of transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats, using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), Iba-1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunostaining.
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19555463 Simoes GF, Oliveira AL: Alpha motoneurone input changes in dystrophic MDX mice after sciatic nerve transection. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2010 Feb;36(1):55-70. Epub 2009 Jun 25.


Seven days after surgery, the animals were sacrificed and the lumbar spinal cords processed for immunohistochemistry using antibodies to the major histocompatibility complex of class I (MHC I), synaptophysin, IBA-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
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20002517 Pifarre P, Prado J, Giralt M, Molinero A, Hidalgo J, Garcia A: Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibition alters the glial inflammatory response, reduces oxidative stress and cell death and increases angiogenesis following focal brain injury. J Neurochem. 2010 Feb;112(3):807-17. Epub 2009 Nov 30.


Recent evidence obtained in cultured glial cells indicates that cGMP-mediated pathways regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and motility in astrocytes, as well as inflammatory gene expression in microglia, suggesting a role in the regulation of the glial reactive phenotype.
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20025929 Sakoori K, Murphy NP: Reduced degeneration of dopaminergic terminals and accentuated astrocyte activation by high dose methamphetamine administration in nociceptin receptor knock out mice. Neurosci Lett. 2010 Jan 29;469(3):309-13. Epub 2009 Dec 16.


Three days later, brains were immunohistochemically processed to visualize methamphetamine-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (as a marker of damage to dopamine terminals), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, as a marker of astrocytes), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (lba-1, as a marker of microglia) in the striatum.
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16647243 Frank MG, Baratta MV, Sprunger DB, Watkins LR, Maier SF: Microglia serve as a neuroimmune substrate for stress-induced potentiation of CNS pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. Brain Behav Immun. 2007 Jan;21(1):47-59. Epub 2006 May 2.


The effect of inescapable shock (IS) on glial activation (MHC II, CD11b, Iba-1, and GFAP) and regulatory markers (CD200) in vivo, and microglia pro-inflammatory responses (interleukin-1beta; IL-1beta) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ex vivo, were assessed in rat hippocampus.
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19555675 Hernstadt H, Wang S, Lim G, Mao J: Spinal translocator protein (TSPO) modulates pain behavior in rats with CFA-induced monoarthritis. Brain Res. 2009 Aug 25;1286:42-52. Epub 2009 Jun 23.


Immunohistochemistry was performed using Iba-1 (microglia), NeuN (neurons), anti-Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, GFAP (astrocytes) and anti-PBR (TSPO) on Days 1, 7 and 14 after CFA-induced arthritis.
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12944523 Babcock AA, Kuziel WA, Rivest S, Owens T: Chemokine expression by glial cells directs leukocytes to sites of axonal injury in the CNS. J Neurosci. 2003 Aug 27;23(21):7922-30.


In situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry for ionized binding calcium adapter molecule (iba) 1 or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) identified iba1+ microglia and GFAP+ astrocytes as major sources of MCP-1/CCL2 within the lesion-reactive hippocampus.
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17928735 Egashira N, Hayakawa K, Osajima M, Mishima K, Iwasaki K, Oishi R, Fujiwara M: Involvement of GABA (A) receptors in the neuroprotective effect of theanine on focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2007 Oct;105(2):211-4. Epub 2007 Oct 6.


Theanine (1 mg/kg) reduced the size of the cerebral infarct and alterations of NeuN, GFAP, and Iba 1 expression levels at 24 h after MCA occlusion.
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