Protein Information

Name beta glucuronidase
Synonyms Beta glucuronidase; Beta G1; Beta glucuronidase precursor; GUSB; MPS 7; MPS7; Beta G1s; Beta glucuronidase precursors

Compound Information

Name jasmonic acid
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11446995 Levee V, Seguin A: Inducible expression of the heterologous PAL2 promoter from bean in white pine (Pinus strobus) transgenic cells. Tree Physiol. 2001 Jul;21(10):665-72.

To elucidate heterologous promoter function in gymnosperms, we introduced the bean phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-beta-glucuronidase (PAL2-GUS) gene fusion into white pine (Pinus strobus L.).
In contrast, a weak but constant induction was seen in only a few lines following treatment with salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid (JA).
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16935989 Figueroa-Balderas RE, Garcia-Ponce B, Rocha-Sosa M: Hormonal and stress induction of the gene encoding common bean acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Plant Physiol. 2006 Oct;142(2):609-19. Epub 2006 Aug 25.

Regulation of the cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) gene promoter from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was studied in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants using a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene fusion (PvACCase::GUS).
The PvACCase promoter was induced by wounding, Pseudomonas syringae infection, hydrogen peroxide, jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, or auxin treatment.
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15923348 Coego A, Ramirez V, Gil MJ, Flors V, Mauch-Mani B, Vera P: An Arabidopsis homeodomain transcription factor, OVEREXPRESSOR OF CATIONIC PEROXIDASE 3, mediates resistance to infection by necrotrophic pathogens. Plant Cell. 2005 Jul;17(7):2123-37. Epub 2005 May 27.

These studies revealed that the resistance signaling to necrotrophic infection in ocp3 is fully dependent on appropriate perception of jasmonic acid through COI1 and does not require SA or ethylene perception through NPR1 or EIN2, respectively.
To identify novel plant components operating in pathogen-induced signaling cascades, we initiated a large-scale screen using Arabidopsis thaliana plants carrying the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene under control of the H (2) O (2)-responsive Ep5C promoter.
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12838365 Sa Q, Wang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Sun Y: The promoter of an antifungal protein gene from Gastrodia elata confers tissue -specific and fungus-inducible expression patterns and responds to both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Plant Cell Rep. 2003 Aug;22(1):79-84. Epub 2003 Jul 1.

The GAFP-2 promoter was analyzed for its ability to control the expression of the reporter gene, beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in transgenic tobacco plants.
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14675448 Sugano S, Kaminaka H, Rybka Z, Catala R, Salinas J, Matsui K, Ohme-Takagi M, Takatsuji H: Stress-responsive zinc finger gene ZPT2-3 plays a role in drought tolerance in petunia. Plant J. 2003 Dec;36(6):830-41.

This induction was mediated by a jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent and ethylene-independent pathway.
The same ZPT2-3 promoter sequence showed similar responsiveness to wounding, cold, drought, and JA treatments in Arabidopsis when investigated in a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, indicating conservation of similar signaling pathways between the two plant species.
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18192438 Cai S, Lashbrook CC: Stamen abscission zone transcriptome profiling reveals new candidates for abscission control: enhanced retention of floral organs in transgenic plants overexpressing Arabidopsis ZINC FINGER PROTEIN2. Plant Physiol. 2008 Mar;146(3):1305-21. Epub 2008 Jan 11.


Promoter-beta-glucuronidase expression of one transcription factor candidate, ZINC FINGER PROTEIN2 (AtZFP2), was elevated in stamen, petal, and sepal AZs.
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12453572 Sachan N, Falcone DL: Wound-induced gene expression of putrescine N-methyltransferase in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Phytochemistry. 2002 Dec;61(7):797-805.

A 627-bp DNA fragment upstream of the NtPMT3 gene was fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and used to produce stable transgenic lines of Nicotiana tabacum.
This expression was highly localized around the wound site and showed little evidence of long distance signaling, including lack of responsiveness to jasmonic acid.
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12624768 Malnoy M, Venisse JS, Reynoird JP, Chevreau E: Activation of three pathogen-inducible promoters of tobacco in transgenic pear (Pyrus communis L.) after abiotic and biotic elicitation. Planta. 2003 Mar;216(5):802-14. Epub 2002 Nov 23.

Beta-glucuronidase activity was determined quantitatively and qualitatively in these plants grown in vitro using fluorometric and histochemical assays and compared to cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter-driven activity.
The str246C promoter was rapidly activated in pear during compatible and incompatible interactions, by wounding and following the application of several elicitors (capsicein, cryptogein, harpin, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid).
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12819969 Kubigsteltig II, Weiler EW: Arabidopsis mutants affected in the transcriptional control of allene oxide synthase, the enzyme catalyzing the entrance step in octadecanoid biosynthesis. Planta. 2003 Sep;217(5):748-57. Epub 2003 Jun 19.

Allene oxide synthase (AOS) catalyzes the entrance reaction in the biosynthesis of the octadecanoids 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) and jasmonic acid (JA).
Seeds from transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing the Escherichia coli uidA gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the AOS promoter were mutagenized with ethylmethane sulfonate and the progeny was screened for individuals exhibiting constitutive expression of uidA in the absence of an added octadecanoid.
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18165324 Arimura G, Kopke S, Kunert M, Volpe V, David A, Brand P, Dabrowska P, Maffei ME, Boland W: Effects of feeding Spodoptera littoralis on lima bean leaves: IV. Plant Physiol. 2008 Mar;146(3):965-73. Epub 2007 Dec 28.

Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana transformed with PlOS promoter :: beta-glucuronidase fusion constructs confirmed expression of the enzyme at the wounded sites.
Jasmonic acid (JA) accumulated locally in direct response to the damage and led to immediate up-regulation of the P. lunatus beta-ocimene synthase gene (PlOS) independent of the phase, that is, light or dark.
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20352262 Damaj MB, Kumpatla SP, Emani C, Beremand PD, Reddy AS, Rathore KS, Buenrostro-Nava MT, Curtis IS, Thomas TL, Mirkov TE: Sugarcane DIRIGENT and O-METHYLTRANSFERASE promoters confer stem-regulated gene expression in diverse monocots. Planta. 2010 Mar 30.

Promoters (Pro) of these genes were isolated and fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene.
Furthermore, both promoters conferred stem-regulated expression, which was further enhanced in the stem and induced in the leaf and root by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate, key regulators of biotic and abiotic stresses.
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10965939 Shoji T, Yamada Y, Hashimoto T: Jasmonate induction of putrescine N-methyltransferase genes in the root of Nicotiana sylvestris. Plant Cell Physiol. 2000 Jul;41(7):831-9.


When the 5'-flanking regions of NsPMT1, NsPMT2, and NsPMT3 were fused independently to beta-glucuronidase reporter gene and introduced into N. sylvestris by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, all introduced transgenes were expressed in the cortex, endodermis, and xylem in the root, as well as upregulated by methyl jasmonate treatment.
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12956533 Thurau T, Kifle S, Jung C, Cai D: The promoter of the nematode resistance gene Hs1pro-1 activates a nematode-responsive and feeding site-specific gene expression in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol. 2003 Jun;52(3):643-60.

Treatments of plants with external stimuli including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, gibberellic acid and abscisic acid as well as wounding or salt stress did not result in changes in the gene transcription, indicating de novo transcription of Hs1pro-1 upon nematode infection specifically.
To study transcriptional regulation of Hs1pro-1 expression at the cellular level, a 3082 bp genomic fragment representing the Hs1pro-1 promoter, isolated from the YAC-DNA housing the Hs1pro-1 gene, was fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (1832prm1::GUS) and transformed into susceptible beet roots and Arabidopsis plants, respectively.
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18521611 Ge X, Wang H, Cao K: Transformation by T-DNA integration causes highly sterile phenotype independent of transgenes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep. 2008 Aug;27(8):1341-8. Epub 2008 Jun 3.


Exogenous jasmonic acid application cannot rescue the sterile phenotype.
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20085621 Camehl I, Sherameti I, Venus Y, Bethke G, Varma A, Lee J, Oelmuller R: Ethylene signalling and ethylene-targeted transcription factors are required to balance beneficial and nonbeneficial traits in the symbiosis between the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica and Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytol. 2010 Mar;185(4):1062-73. Epub 2010 Jan 15.


The overexpression of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 constitutively activated defence responses, strongly reduced root colonization and abolished the benefits for the plants. *Piriformospora indica-mediated stimulation of growth and seed yield was not affected by jasmonic acid, and jasmonic acid-responsive promoter beta-glucuronidase gene constructs did not respond to the fungus in Arabidopsis roots. *We propose that ethylene signalling components and ethylene-targeted transcription factors are required to balance beneficial and nonbeneficial traits in the symbiosis.
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11402199 He Y, Tang W, Swain JD, Green AL, Jack TP, Gan S: Networking senescence-regulating pathways by using Arabidopsis enhancer trap lines. Plant Physiol. 2001 Jun;126(2):707-16.

We have systematically analyzed the regulation of beta-glucuronidase expression in 125 lines (genetically, each contains single T-DNA insertion) by six senescence-promoting factors, namely abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroid, darkness, and dehydration.
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16377744 Mur LA, Kenton P, Atzorn R, Miersch O, Wasternack C: The outcomes of concentration-specific interactions between salicylate and jasmonate signaling include synergy, antagonism, and oxidative stress leading to cell death. Plant Physiol. 2006 Jan;140(1):249-62. Epub 2005 Dec 23.

Salicylic acid (SA) has been proposed to antagonize jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling.
These suggested that there was a transient synergistic enhancement in the expression of genes associated with either JA (PDF1.2 [defensin] and Thi1.2 [thionin]) or SA (PR1 [PR1a-beta-glucuronidase in tobacco]) signaling when both signals were applied at low (typically 10-100 microm) concentrations.
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17885091 Liu C, Mehdy MC: A nonclassical arabinogalactan protein gene highly expressed in vascular tissues, AGP31, is transcriptionally repressed by methyl jasmonic acid in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2007 Nov;145(3):863-74. Epub 2007 Sep 20.

AGP31 promoter-beta-glucuronidase reporter gene analysis showed expression in the vascular bundle throughout the plant, except in the flower.
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12654866 Guerineau F, Benjdia M, Zhou DX: A jasmonate-responsive element within the A. thaliana vsp1 promoter. J Exp Bot. 2003 Apr;54(385):1153-62.


Transgenic plants expressing a vsp1 promoter-gus (beta-glucuronidase) gene fusion were found to contain high GUS activity when challenged with jasmonate, a volatile plant hormone.
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15789205 Jung YC, Lee HJ, Yum SS, Soh WY, Cho DY, Auh CK, Lee TK, Soh HC, Kim YS, Lee SC: Drought-inducible-but ABA-independent-thaumatin-like protein from carrot (Daucus carota L.). Plant Cell Rep. 2005 Aug;24(6):366-73. Epub 2005 Mar 24.

The production of dcTLP transcripts in the seedlings increased dramatically with dehydration treatment but was not affected by abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid, or jasmonic acid.
The expression patterns of dcTLP mRNA at different developmental stages and in response to a variety of signal molecules was analyzed using reverse transcriptase-PCR and promoter analysis with fused genes of 0.5-kb 5' upstream sequences in which beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes (gus) were established.
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20348432 Millet YA, Danna CH, Clay NK, Songnuan W, Simon MD, Werck-Reichhart D, Ausubel FM: Innate Immune Responses Activated in Arabidopsis Roots by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns. Plant Cell. 2010 Mar 26.

By monitoring transcriptional activation of beta-glucuronidase reporters and MAMP-elicited callose deposition, we show that three MAMPs, the flagellar peptide Flg22, peptidoglycan, and chitin, trigger a strong tissue-specific response in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, either at the elongation zone for Flg22 and peptidoglycan or in the mature parts of the roots for chitin.
Ethylene signaling, the 4-methoxy-indole-3-ylmethylglucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, and the PEN2 myrosinase, but not salicylic acid or jasmonic acid signaling, play major roles in this MAMP response.
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15118858 Rietz S, Holk A, Scherer GF: Expression of the patatin-related phospholipase A gene AtPLA IIA in Arabidopsis thaliana is up-regulated by salicylic acid, wounding, ethylene, and iron and phosphate deficiency. Planta. 2004 Sep;219(5):743-53. Epub 2004 Apr 29.

One of these, AtPLA IIA, is investigated here by studying its transcriptional regulation through transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing the AtPLA IIA promoter (PIIA) fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene.
PIIA-dependent GUS expression in 12-day-old plants was up-regulated after treatment by salicylic acid, Bion, wounding, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and jasmonic acid.
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8018869 Plant AL, van Rooijen GJ, Anderson CP, Moloney MM: Regulation of an Arabidopsis oleosin gene promoter in transgenic Brassica napus. Plant Mol Biol. 1994 May;25(2):193-205.

Progressive deletions of the 5'-flanking sequences of an Arabidopsis oleosin gene were fused to beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and introduced into Brassica napus plants using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
In addition, the influence of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), sorbitol and a combined ABA/sorbitol treatment on gene expression was investigated.
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19288108 Bedon F, Levasseur C, Grima-Pettenati J, Seguin A, MacKay J: Sequence analysis and functional characterization of the promoter of the Picea glauca Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase gene in transgenic white spruce plants. Plant Cell Rep. 2009 May;28(5):787-800. Epub 2009 Mar 14.


Functional characterization of the P. glauca CAD promoter used P. glauca seedlings stably transformed with a DNA fragment of 1,163 base pairs (PgCAD) fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene.
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11874572 Jensen AB, Raventos D, Mundy J: Fusion genetic analysis of jasmonate-signalling mutants in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 2002 Mar;29(5):595-606.


To identify jasmonate-signalling mutants, we used a fusion genetic strategy in which the firefly luciferase (FLUC) and Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporters were expressed under control of the jasmonate-responsive LOX2 promoter.
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19458116 Staswick PE: The tryptophan conjugates of jasmonic and indole-3-acetic acids are endogenous auxin inhibitors. Plant Physiol. 2009 Jul;150(3):1310-21. Epub 2009 May 20.

Trp conjugates inhibited IAA-stimulated lateral root production and DR5-beta-glucuronidase gene expression.
This study characterized the activity of the tryptophan (Trp) conjugate of jasmonic acid (JA-Trp) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
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10417725 Kinoshita T, Yamada K, Hiraiwa N, Kondo M, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I: Vacuolar processing enzyme is up-regulated in the lytic vacuoles of vegetative tissues during senescence and under various stressed conditions. Plant J. 1999 Jul;19(1):43-53.


The betaVPE promoter was found to direct the expression of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in seeds and the root tip of transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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