Protein Information

Name cytochrome P450 (protein family or complex)
Synonyms cytochrome P450; cytochrome P 450; CYP450; CYP 450

Compound Information

Name jasmonic acid
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18167030 Jiang K, Pi Y, Hou R, Zeng H, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Sun X, Tang K: Molecular cloning and expression profiling of the first specific jasmonate biosynthetic pathway gene allene oxide synthase from Lonicera japonica. Mol Biol Rep. 2009 Mar;36(3):487-93. Epub 2008 Jan 1.


In jasmonate biosynthetic pathway, allene oxide synthase (AOS, EC 4.2.1.92), which is a cytochrome P450 (CYP74A), catalyzes the first committed step.
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8756596 Laudert D, Pfannschmidt U, Lottspeich F, Hollander-Czytko H, Weiler EW: Cloning, molecular and functional characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana allene oxide synthase (CYP 74), the first enzyme of the octadecanoid pathway to jasmonates. Plant Mol Biol. 1996 May;31(2):323-35.


Three out of four invariant amino acid residues of cytochrome P450 heme-binding domains are conserved and properly positioned in the enzyme coding region, including the heme-accepting cysteine (Cys-470).
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20354503 Liu F, Jiang H, Ye S, Chen WP, Liang W, Xu Y, Sun B, Sun J, Wang Q, Cohen JD, Li C: The Arabidopsis P450 protein CYP82C2 modulates jasmonate-induced root growth inhibition, defense gene expression and indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. Cell Res. 2010 Mar 30.

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a fatty acid-derived signaling molecule that regulates a broad range of plant defense responses against herbivores and some microbial pathogens.
Gene cloning studies indicate that these defects are caused by a mutation in the cytochrome P450 protein CYP82C2.
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16332414 Kim YJ, Kim DG, Lee SH, Lee I: Wound-induced expression of the ferulate 5-hydroxylase gene in Camptotheca acuminata. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Feb;1760(2):182-90. Epub 2005 Nov 10.


Ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase that catalyses the hydroxylation of ferulic acid, coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol, leading to sinapic acid and syringyl lignin biosynthesis.
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17711327 Cho K, Agrawal GK, Shibato J, Jung YH, Kim YK, Nahm BH, Jwa NS, Tamogami S, Han O, Kohda K, Iwahashi H, Rakwal R: Survey of differentially expressed proteins and genes in jasmonic acid treated rice seedling shoot and root at the proteomics and transcriptomics levels. J Proteome Res. 2007 Sep;6(9):3581-603. Epub 2007 Aug 21.

Except of unknown genes with over 57% of the total, most genes encode for proteins involved in secondary metabolism, energy production, protein modification and chaperone, transporters, and cytochrome P450.
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17344058 Norton G, Pappusamy A, Yusof F, Pujade-Renaud V, Perkins M, Griffiths D, Jones H: Characterisation of recombinant Hevea brasiliensis allene oxide synthase: effects of cycloxygenase inhibitors, lipoxygenase inhibitors and salicylates on enzyme activity. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2007 Feb;45(2):129-38. Epub 2007 Jan 13.

Mechanical wounding and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment have been shown to be important factors in controlling laticifer differentiation in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree).
The AOS cDNA encodes a protein with the expected motifs present in CYP74A sub-group of the cytochrome P450 super-family of enzymes that metabolise 13-hydroperoxylinolenic acid (13-HPOT), the intermediate involved in JA synthesis.
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19507702 Jiang K, Pi Y, Huang Zh, Hou R, Zhang Zh, Lin J, Sun X, Tang K: Molecular cloning and mRNA expression profiling of the first specific jasmonate biosynthetic pathway gene allene oxide synthase from Hyoscyamus niger. Genetika. 2009 Apr;45(4):496-505.


HnAOS was a novel member of the cytochrome P450 (CYP74A) subfamily.
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10859201 Howe GA, Lee GI, Itoh A, Li L, DeRocher AE: Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of oxylipins in tomato. Plant Physiol. 2000 Jun;123(2):711-24.

These results suggest a role for LeAOS and LeHPL in the metabolism of 13-HPOT to jasmonic acid and hexenal/traumatin, respectively.
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18196465 Chakrabarti M, Bowen SW, Coleman NP, Meekins KM, Dewey RE, Siminszky B: CYP82E4-mediated nicotine to nornicotine conversion in tobacco is regulated by a senescence-specific signaling pathway. Plant Mol Biol. 2008 Mar;66(4):415-27. Epub 2008 Jan 15.

In plants that carry the high nornicotine trait, nicotine conversion is primarily catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 protein, designated CYP82E4 whose transcription is strongly upregulated during leaf senescence.
Treatments of leaf tissue with various signaling molecules including abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and yeast extract; and stresses, such as drought, wounding and tobacco mosaic virus infection did not enhance nicotine conversion or GUS activity in the green leaves, but an increase in CYP82E4 expression was observed in response to ethylene- or tobacco mosaic virus-induced senescence.
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17022177 Mei C, Qi M, Sheng G, Yang Y: Inducible overexpression of a rice allene oxide synthase gene increases the endogenous jasmonic acid level, PR gene expression, and host resistance to fungal infection. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2006 Oct;19(10):1127-37.

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8618930 Du L, Lykkesfeldt J, Olsen CE, Halkier BA: Involvement of cytochrome P450 in oxime production in glucosinolate biosynthesis as demonstrated by an in vitro microsomal enzyme system isolated from jasmonic acid-induced seedlings of Sinapis alba L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 19;92(26):12505-9.
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12351632 Itoh A, Schilmiller AL, McCaig BC, Howe GA: Identification of a jasmonate-regulated allene oxide synthase that metabolizes 9-hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acids. J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 29;277(48):46051-8. Epub 2002 Sep 25.

Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a cytochrome P-450 (CYP74A) that catalyzes the first step in the conversion of 13-hydroperoxy linolenic acid to jasmonic acid and related signaling molecules in plants.
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15604685 Narusaka Y, Narusaka M, Seki M, Umezawa T, Ishida J, Nakajima M, Enju A, Shinozaki K: Crosstalk in the responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in Arabidopsis: analysis of gene expression in cytochrome P450 gene superfamily by cDNA microarray. Plant Mol Biol. 2004 May;55(3):327-42.

In this study, expression patterns of these cytochrome P450 genes were analyzed by a full-length cDNA microarray under various treatments, such as hormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid), pathogen-inoculation ( Alternaria brassicicola , Alternaria alternata ), paraquat, rose bengal, UV stress (UV-C), heavy metal stress (CuSO4), mechanical wounding, drought, high salinity and low temperature.
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9666476 Son JS, Chang YJ, Choi YD, Kim SU: Role of jasmonic acid in biotransformation of (--)-isopiperitenone in suspension cell culture of Mentha piperita. Mol Cells. 1998 Jun 30;8(3):366-9.

The role of jasmonic acid was studied in biotransformation of (--)-isopiperitenone to (--)-7-hydroxyisopiperitenone using alpha suspension cells were treated with (--)-isopiperitenone, mRNA of a cytochrome P450 was induced in a similar time-course pattern as the biotransformation shown in a previous study (Park et al., 1997).
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18431595 Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM, Mukhtar MS, Guex N, Halim VA, Rosahl S, Somssich IE, Gebhardt C: Natural variation of potato allene oxide synthase 2 causes differential levels of jasmonates and pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis. Planta. 2008 Jul;228(2):293-306. Epub 2008 Apr 23.

StAOS2 encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme that is essential for biosynthesis of the defense signaling molecule jasmonic acid.
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1876834 Song WC, Brash AR: Purification of an allene oxide synthase and identification of the enzyme as a cytochrome P-450. Science. 1991 Aug 16;253(5021):781-4.

The allene oxides are unstable epoxide precursors of more complex products such as jasmonic acid, the plant growth hormone.
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10624013 Oh BJ, Ko MK, Kim YS, Kim KS, Kostenyuk I, Kee HK: A cytochrome P450 gene is differentially expressed in compatible and incompatible interactions between pepper (Capsicum annuum) and the anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1999 Dec;12(12):1044-52.

The induction of PepCYP gene is up-regulated by wounding or jasmonic acid treatment during ripening.
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12226332 Du L, Halkier BA: Isolation of a Microsomal Enzyme System Involved in Glucosinolate Biosynthesis from Seedlings of Tropaeolum majus L. Plant Physiol. 1996 Jul;111(3):831-837.

An in vitro system that converts phenylalanine to phenylacetaldoxime in the biosynthesis of the glucosinolate glucotropaeolin has been established in seedlings of Tropaeolum majus L. exposed to the combined treatment of jasmonic acid, ethanol, and light.
The enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine to the corresponding oxime, was sensitive to cytochrome P450 inhibitors, indicating the involvement of a cytochrome P450 in the biosynthetic pathway.
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9675902 Mathur J, Molnar G, Fujioka S, Takatsuto S, Sakurai A, Yokota T, Adam G, Voigt B, Nagy F, Maas C, Schell J, Koncz C, Szekeres M: Transcription of the Arabidopsis CPD gene, encoding a steroidogenic cytochrome P450, is negatively controlled by brassinosteroids. Plant J. 1998 Jun;14(5):593-602.

Transcription of the CPD gene is not affected by the plant growth factors auxin, ethylene, gibberellin, cytokinin, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, but is specifically down-regulated by brassinolide in both dark and light.
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12384696 Li X, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR: Jasmonate and salicylate induce expression of herbivore cytochrome P450 genes. Nature. 2002 Oct 17;419(6908):712-5.

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8378325 Song WC, Funk CD, Brash AR: Molecular cloning of an allene oxide synthase: a cytochrome P450 specialized for the metabolism of fatty acid hydroperoxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 15;90(18):8519-23.

In plants, an allene oxide is a precursor of the growth regulator jasmonic acid.
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20348432 Millet YA, Danna CH, Clay NK, Songnuan W, Simon MD, Werck-Reichhart D, Ausubel FM: Innate Immune Responses Activated in Arabidopsis Roots by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns. Plant Cell. 2010 Mar 26.

Ethylene signaling, the 4-methoxy-indole-3-ylmethylglucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, and the PEN2 myrosinase, but not salicylic acid or jasmonic acid signaling, play major roles in this MAMP response.
We also show that Flg22 induces the cytochrome P450 CYP71A12-dependent exudation of the phytoalexin camalexin by Arabidopsis roots.
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11718718 Collu G, Unver N, Peltenburg-Looman AM, van der Heijden R, Verpoorte R, Memelink J: Geraniol 10-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 2001 Nov 16;508(2):215-20.

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18433503 Ehlting J, Sauveplane V, Olry A, Ginglinger JF, Provart NJ, Werck-Reichhart D: An extensive (co-) expression analysis tool for the cytochrome P450 superfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biol. 2008 Apr 23;8:47.

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