Protein Information

Name calcium sensing receptor
Synonyms CAR; CAR; CASR; Calcium sensing receptor; Extracellular calcium sensing receptor; Extracellular calcium sensing receptor precursor; FHH; FIH…

Compound Information

Name phosphorus
CAS phosphorus

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20151157 Cannata-Andia JB, Rodriguez-Garcia M, Roman-Garcia P, Tunon-le Poultel D, Lopez-Hernandez F, Rodriguez-Puyol D: New therapies: calcimimetics, phosphate binders and vitamin D receptor activators. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Apr;25(4):609-16. Epub 2010 Feb 12.

At present, new compounds are available to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, namely calcimimetics, novel phosphorus binders and also novel vitamin D receptor activators.
Calcimimetics increase the sensitivity of the parathyroid gland to calcium through spatial configurational changes of the calcium-sensing receptor.
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19321594 Lopez I, Mendoza FJ, Guerrero F, Almaden Y, Henley C, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rodriguez M: The calcimimetic AMG 641 accelerates regression of extraosseous calcification in uremic rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Jun;296(6):F1376-85. Epub 2009 Mar 25.

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that extraskeletal calcification regresses in uremic rats after reduction in phosphorus intake and treatment with calcimimetics.
An infiltrate of phagocytic cells expressing the calcium-sensing receptor was identified in areas surrounding foci of calcification.
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19615558 McKay CP, Portale A: Emerging topics in pediatric bone and mineral disorders 2008. Semin Nephrol. 2009 Jul;29(4):370-8.

The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) play central roles in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, respectively.
The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) play central roles in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, respectively.
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19715856 Gomez Marques G, Obrador Mulet A, Vilar Gimeno A, Pascual Felip MJ, Alarcon Zurita A, Molina Guasch M, Uriol Rivera M, Munar Vila MA, Losada Gonzalez P: Treatment with cinacalcet of secondary hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2009 Jul-Aug;41(6):2139-43.


Calcimimetics inhibit parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by modulating the calcium-sensing receptor in the parathyroid gland.
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19299893 Taylor JG, Bushinsky DA: Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Blood Purif. 2009;27(4):387-94. Epub 2009 Mar 23.

The identification of subfamily V transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPV channels), Na/P (i) cotransporters, the vitamin D receptor and the calcium-sensing receptor have further advanced our understanding of this complex physiology.
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19295196 Cozzolino M, Ciceri P, Volpi EM, Olivi L, Messa PG: Pathophysiology of calcium and phosphate metabolism impairment in chronic kidney disease. Blood Purif. 2009;27(4):338-44. Epub 2009 Mar 18.

However, in the presence of low calcium, high phosphorus, vitamin D deficiency, and uremia, PT cells leave quiescence.
In the last decade, both new molecular and cellular mechanisms have been investigated in the pathophysiology of SHPT, between them the emerging role of the PT vitamin D receptor and calcium-sensing receptor.
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19549251 Goswami R, Goel S, Tomar N, Gupta N, Lumb V, Sharma YD: Prevalence of clinical remission in patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Clin Endocrinol. 2009 Jun 22.

Calcium sensing receptor autoantibodies (CaSRAb) were determined by western blot.
Remission of SIH was defined as maintenance of normal serum total (>/=2.12 mmol/L) and ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and iPTH for at least three months after withdrawal of calcium and 1-alpha-(OH) D (3)/cholecalciferol therapy.
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19560849 Giannikopoulos G, Zorzou MP, Stamoulis I, Panagi G, Sitaras P, Georgopoulos I, Hadjileontis C, Malakos I, Kyriazis J: Cinacalcet-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis. . Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Aug;54(2):e5-8. Epub 2009 Jun 28.

Cinacalcet targets the calcium-sensing receptor and decreases parathyroid hormone levels without increasing calcium and phosphorus levels.
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20150282 Sun W, Sun W, Liu J, Zhou X, Xiao Y, Karaplis A, Pollak MR, Brown E, Goltzman D, Miao D: Alterations in phosphorus, calcium and PTHrP contribute to defects in dental and dental alveolar bone formation in calcium-sensing receptor-deficient mice. Development. 2010 Mar;137(6):985-92. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
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20091482 Caudrillier A, Mentaverri R, Brazier M, Kamel S, Massy ZA: Calcium-sensing receptor as a potential modulator of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2010 Jan-Feb;23(1):17-22.

Calcimimetics have been demonstrated to be particularly useful to control parathyroid hormone (PTH) oversecretion and concomitantly reduce serum Ca2+ and phosphorus levels in dialysis patients.
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20200973 Richard C, Huo R, Samadfam R, Bolivar I, Miao D, Brown EM, Hendy GN, Goltzman D: The calcium sensing receptor and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase interact to modulate skeletal growth and bone turnover. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Feb 8.

On a high lactose, high calcium, high phosphorus "rescue" diet, serum calcium, and PTH were normal in the 1alpha (OH) ase (-/-) mice, but increased in the Casr (-/-) 1alpha (OH) ase (-/-) mice with reduced serum phosphorus.
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19355939 Theman TA, Collins MT: The role of the calcium-sensing receptor in bone biology and pathophysiology. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2009 Apr;10(3):289-301.

Complex endocrine feedback loops involving calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and PTH confound efforts to isolate the effects of a single mineral, hormone, or receptor and most models fail to account for other local factors such as parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP).
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19396314 Carrillo-Lopez N, Fernandez-Martin JL, Cannata-Andia JB: [The role of calcium, calcitriol and their receptors in parathyroid regulation]. Nefrologia. 2009;29(2):103-8. doi: 10.3265/Nefrologia.2009.29.2.5154.en.full.

The mechanism of regulation of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is complex, and diverse factors are involved: the fundamental ones are calcium, calcitriol and phosphorus.
Calcium and calcitriol's mechanism of action takes place through its specific receptors, the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) and the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR).
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