Protein Information

Name hemoglobin (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Hemoglobin; Hemoglobins

Compound Information

Name phosphorus
CAS phosphorus

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19295502 Muntner P, Vupputuri S, Coresh J, Uribarri J, Fox CS: Metabolic abnormalities are present in adults with elevated serum cystatin C. Kidney Int. 2009 Jul;76(1):81-8. Epub 2009 Mar 18.

In the absence of stage 3 or 4 CKD, patients with elevated serum cystatin C had a higher prevalence of low hemoglobin and elevated uric acid, homocysteine, phosphorus, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein than patients with a normal serum cystatin C.
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19995993 Wingard RL, Chan KE, Lazarus JM, Hakim RM: The "right" of passage: surviving the first year of dialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Dec;4 Suppl 1:S114-20.

At 120 d, more RS patients achieved hemoglobin 11 to 12 g/dl (RS = 22.4% versus C = 19.7%, P < 0.01), eKt/V > or = 1.2 (RS = 66% versus C = 53.5%, P < 0.01), albumin > or = 4.0 g/dl (RS = 26% versus C = 22%, P < 0.01), and phosphorus 3.5 to 5.5 mg/dl (RS = 52.4% versus C = 45.4%).
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19423688 Snyder JJ, Collins AJ: Association of preventive health care with atherosclerotic heart disease and mortality in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Jul;20(7):1614-22. Epub 2009 May 7.

We defined preventive care by the receipt of laboratory measurements (serum creatinine, lipids, calcium and phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and, for patients with diabetes, hemoglobin A1c), influenza vaccination, and by at least one outpatient visit to a nephrologist.
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19657329 Mehrotra R, Kermah DA, Salusky IB, Wolf MS, Thadhani RI, Chiu YW, Martins D, Adler SG, Norris KC: Chronic kidney disease, hypovitaminosis D, and mortality in the United States. Kidney Int. 2009 Nov;76(9):977-83. Epub 2009 Aug 5.

In analyses adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, serum phosphorus, albumin, hemoglobin, stage of chronic kidney disease, albuminuria, and socioeconomic status, individuals with serum 25OHD levels less than 15 ng/ml had an increased risk for all-cause mortality when compared to those with levels over 30 ng/ml.
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19406544 Lacson E Jr, Wang W, Lazarus JM, Hakim RM: Hemodialysis facility-based quality-of-care indicators and facility-specific patient outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Sep;54(3):490-7. Epub 2009 Apr 29.

MEASUREMENTS: The facility average for the period up to December 31, 2006, was used to determine achievement of each goal for equilibrated Kt/V, missed HD treatments, hemoglobin level, bicarbonate level, albumin level, phosphorus level, fistulae, and HD catheters.
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19617501 Foster GW, Cunningham MW: Hematology and serum chemistry values for free-ranging Florida panther neonates with a comparison to adult panther values. J Wildl Dis. 2009 Jul;45(3):857-62.

Male kittens had higher hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and red blood cell (RBC) counts than did female kittens.
Neonates had higher mean serum values of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, triglycerides, and magnesium than adult panthers but lower mean values of urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, sodium, chloride, creatine kinase, amylase, and total globulin.
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20172446 Bomback AS, Kshirsagar AV, Whaley-Connell AT, Chen SC, Li S, Klemmer PJ, McCullough PA, Bakris GL: Racial differences in kidney function among individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome: results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Mar;55(3 Suppl 2):S4-S14.

METHODS: 3 study cohorts were assembled: (1) eligible African American and white KEEP participants with body mass index > or = 30 kg/m (2), (2) a subgroup meeting criteria for metabolic syndrome, and (3) a subgroup with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m (2) and laboratory measurements for hemoglobin, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus.
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20181859 Huff GR, Huff WE, Farnell MB, Rath NC, Solis de Los Santos F, Donoghue AM: Bacterial clearance, heterophil function, and hematological parameters of transport-stressed turkey poults supplemented with dietary yeast extract. Poult Sci. 2010 Mar;89(3):447-56.

Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and triglycerides were decreased and uric acid levels, erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased by YE supplementation.
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19809999 Kuo HW, Tsai SS, Tiao MM, Liu YC, Yang CY: Management of chronic kidney disease in Taiwan: room for quality improvement. J Nephrol. 2009 Sep-Oct;22(5):654-61.

Tests for anemia, calcium/ phosphorus and lipid profile were performed in 34.5%, 5.2% and 40.9% of patients, respectively.
Of CKD patients with diabetes, less than half had glycosylated hemoglobin measured, and only 49.7% received ACEIs/ARBs.
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20063815 Liminana R, Lopez-Olvera JR, Gallardo M, Fordham M, Urios V: Blood chemistry and hematologic values in free-living nestlings of Montagu's harriers (Circus pygargus) in a natural habitat. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2009 Dec;40(4):687-95.

Packed cell volume and hemoglobin were significantly lower from nests with five chicks compared to values from nests with fewer chicks, indicating that the cost of rearing more than four chicks in this species may be excessive.
Total protein, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) were significantly lower in the year with lowest mean rainfall, which correlates with the worst breeding success rate since the population has been monitored.
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19932904 Cheng SP, Yang TL, Lee JJ, Chen HH, Wu CJ, Liu TP, Liu CL: Gender Differences Among Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Undergoing Parathyroidectomy. J Surg Res. 2009 Aug 22.

RESULTS: Compared with men (n = 43), women (n = 78) had lower preoperative bone mineral density (both T-scores and Z-scores) as well as lower preoperative hemoglobin levels.
No differences in preoperative calcium-phosphorus product, alkaline phosphatase, or parathyroid hormone levels were observed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20193535 Luo MY, Lin BL, Gao ZL: [Clinical features, laboratory findings and imaging appearances of venous diethylene glycol poisoning in patients with liver disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Dec 8;89(45):3207-11.

Serum calcium had no obvious change, and phosphorus was increased distinctly.
Poisoned patients had higher white blood cell counts, lower red blood cell counts and hemoglobin value.
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19918169 Agrawal V, Agarwal M, Ghosh AK, Barnes MA, McCullough PA: Identification and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Complications by Internal Medicine Residents: A National Survey. Am J Ther. 2009 Nov 14.

For mineral and bone disorders, many residents would recommend dietary phosphorus restriction (68%) and check 25-hydroxyvitamin D (62%); fewer residents would start 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (40%) or refer to the nephrologist (45%).
With regard to anemia of CKD, less than half of the residents knew the CKD goal hemoglobin level of 11 to 12 g/dL (44%); most would supplement iron stores (86%), whereas fewer would consider nephrology referral (28%).
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20079132 Luo MY, Lin BL, Gao ZL: Clinical features, laboratory findings and imaging appearances of venous diethylene glycol poisoning in patients with liver disease. Chin Med J. 2009 Oct 5;122(19):2315-20.

Serum calcium had no obvious change, and phosphorus was distinctively increased.
Poisoned patients had higher white blood cell counts, but lower red blood cell counts and hemoglobin value.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19758297 Ibrahim S: Quality of care assessment and adherence to the international guidelines considering dialysis, water treatment, and protection against transmission of infections in university hospital-based dialysis units in Cairo, Egypt. Hemodial Int. 2009 Sep 16.

The mean serum calcium was 8.66 +/- 1.4 mg/dL, phosphorus was 6.26 +/- 2.54 mg/dL, and approximately 60% of patients had a serum phosphorus level > 5.5 mg/dL.
The mean hemoglobin was 9.23 +/- 7.18 g/dL in prevalent cases; around 70% of cases had a hemoglobin level <11 g/dL.
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19324483 Lee YK, Koo JR, Kim JK, Park II, Joo MH, Yoon JW, Noh JW, Vaziri ND: Effect of route of EPO administration on hemodialysis arteriovenous vascular access failure: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 May;53(5):815-22. Epub 2009 Mar 26.

After adjustment for dialysis access type, vascular access age, previous intervention, serum phosphorus level, and diabetes mellitus, subcutaneous EPO administration was independently associated with increased vascular access failure (hazard ratio, 3.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 10.58; P = 0.02).
INTERVENTIONS: EPO was administered during dialysis, and the dose was titrated to maintain hemoglobin levels between 9 to 12 g/dL.
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19675528 Goldstein SL, Ikizler TA, Zappitelli M, Silverstein DM, Ayus JC: Non-infected hemodialysis catheters are associated with increased inflammation compared to arteriovenous fistulas. Kidney Int. 2009 Nov;76(10):1063-9. Epub 2009 Aug 12.

The changes in CRP did not differ by gender, diabetes status, or by race, and was not correlated with a change in phosphorus, age, or urea reduction ratio at 1 month following hemodialysis initiation.
Decreased CRP was associated with increased hemoglobin and albumin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20167032 Ashkar ZM: Association of calcium-phosphorus product with blood pressure in dialysis. J Clin Hypertens. 2010 Feb 1;12(2):96-103.

Multilinear regression analysis was then done between ca x ph product and BPs adjusting for age, sex, hemoglobin, diabetes, albumin, parathyroid hormone, ultrafiltration volume, and average BP medications per patient.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20349428 Sirvent AE, Gonzalez C, Enriquez R, Fernandez J, Millan I, Barber X, Amoros F: Serum tryptase levels and markers of renal dysfunction in a population with chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2010 Mar 26. pii: C0C2F712-6AAB-4CAC-BA1A-22FA73658087.


In univariate analysis, in the conservative treatment CKD population, tryptase was positively correlated with urea, creatinine, potassium, uric acid, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, homocysteine, fibrinogen and proteinuria (p <0.01); tryptase was negatively correlated with calcium, albumin, creatinine clearance, estimated glomerular filtration rate (by abbreviated MDRD equation) and urine creatinine (p <0.01).
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20203163 Matias PJ, Jorge C, Ferreira C, Borges M, Aires I, Amaral T, Gil C, Cortez J, Ferreira A: Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Hemodialysis Patients: Effects on Mineral Metabolism, Inflammation, and Cardiac Dimension Parameters. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Mar 4.


Conversely, serum calcium, phosphorus, and intact parathyroid hormone were decreased.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
19715852 Beltran S, Gavela E, Kanter J, Sancho A, Avila A, Gorriz JL, Crespo JF, Pallardo LM: Beginning hemodialysis: do patients with a failed renal transplant start in worse condition?. Transplant Proc. 2009 Jul-Aug;41(6):2129-31.


RESULTS: We did not observe significant differences in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), potassium, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and hemoglobin levels between the 2 groups at the beginning of dialysis.
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19339410 Bugeja A, Dacouris N, Thomas A, Marticorena R, McFarlane P, Donnelly S, Goldstein M: In-center nocturnal hemodialysis: another option in the management of chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Apr;4(4):778-83. Epub 2009 Apr 1.


RESULTS: After conversion to INHD, median values for phosphorus decreased from 5.9 to 3.7 mg/dl (P < 0.01), alkaline phosphatase level increased from 84 to 161 U/L (P < 0.01), and percentage reduction in urea increased from 74 to 89% (P < 0.01).
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19917360 Gorgulu N, Yelken B, Caliskan Y, Elitok A, Cimen O, Yazici H, Oflaz H, Turkmen A, Bozfakioglu S, Sever MS: Endothelial dysfunction in peritoneal dialysis patients with and without failed renal transplants. Transplant Proc. 2009 Nov;41(9):3647-50.

Mean duration on PD, peritoneal transport characteristics, PD modality and doses, frequency of peritonitis episodes, as well as serum creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, total cholesterol, albumin, hemoglobin and iPTH levels were similar between the 2 groups.
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20116689 Smith LB, Fadrowski JJ, Howe CJ, Fivush BA, Neu AM, Furth SL: Secondary hyperparathyroidism and anemia in children treated by hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Feb;55(2):326-34.

OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: Achievement of serum hemoglobin level > or = 11 g/dL was assessed using Poisson regression adjusting for sex, age, race, dialysis vintage, vascular access type, single-pool Kt/V, serum albumin level, normalized protein catabolic rate, calcium-phosphorus product, and erythropoietin alfa dose.
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20056976 Abraham G, Kumar V, Nayak KS, Ravichandran R, Srinivasan G, Krishnamurthy M, Prasath AK, Kumar S, Thiagarajan T, Mathew M, Lesley N: Predictors of long-term survival on peritoneal dialysis in South India: a multicenter study. Perit Dial Int. 2010 Jan-Feb;30(1):29-34.

Mean blood pressure was 143 +/- 16/88 +/- 10 and 136 +/- 18/85 +/- 9 mmHg, calcium x phosphorus product 44.6 +/- 15.6 and 45.9 +/- 15.7 mg (2)/dL (2), albumin 3.33 +/- 0.5 and 3.25 +/- 0.4 g/dL, hemoglobin 9.18 +/- 2 and 9.48 +/- 1.8 g/dL at the beginning and after 3 years, respectively.
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19478098 Menon S, Valentini RP, Kapur G, Layfield S, Mattoo TK: Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary clinic in managing children with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Jul;4(7):1170-5. Epub 2009 May 28.

RESULTS: At RRT, patients from the CRI clinic had better hemoglobin, lower parathyroid hormone and calcium phosphorus product than patients followed in the general nephrology clinic.
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19516243 Chan KE, Lazarus JM, Wingard RL, Hakim RM: Association between repeat hospitalization and early intervention in dialysis patients following hospital discharge. Kidney Int. 2009 Aug;76(3):331-41. Epub 2009 Jun 10.

Compared to pre-hospitalization values, the levels of hemoglobin, albumin, phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid hormone and weight were significantly decreased after hospitalization.
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20301083 Lomonte C, Derosa C, Vernaglione L, Casucci F, Losurdo N, Libutti P, Teutonico A, Basile C: Serum parathyroid hormone and phosphate influence the levels of circulating CD34+ cells in uremia. J Nephrol. 2010 Mar 18. pii: 8A13134E-146D-475D-8FDC-866EB2E16427.

Serum PTH, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), urea nitrogen, albumin and hemoglobin were measured.
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19925466 Gorgulu N, Yelken B, Caliskan Y, Elitok A, Cimen AO, Yazici H, Oflaz H, Golcuk E, Ekmekci A, Turkmen A, Yildiz A, Sever MS: Endothelial dysfunction in hemodialysis patients with failed renal transplants. Clin Transplant. 2009 Nov 18.

Serum creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, calcium and phosphorus levels were similar between the two groups as well.
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19965529 Lacson E Jr, Wang W, Lester K, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM, Hakim RM: Outcomes associated with in-center nocturnal hemodialysis from a large multicenter program. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Feb;5(2):220-6. Epub 2009 Dec 3.

At baseline, hemoglobin values were similar, whereas albumin and phosphorus values favored INHD.
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19844134 Dagli CE, Sayarlioglu H, Dogan E, Acar G, Demirpolat G, Ozer A, Koksal N, Gelen ME, Atilla N, Tanrikulu AC, Isik IO, Ugur T: Prevalence of and Factors Affecting Pulmonary Hypertension in Hemodialysis Patients. Respiration. 2009 Oct 21;78(4):411-415.

Blood tests including arterial blood gases, hemoglobin, serum calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone were determined.
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19323936 Li H, Wang SX, Wang W, Xu C, Shen S, Yu L, Zhang GZ: Thrombosis of the superior vena cava and auxiliary branches in patients with indwelling catheterization of the internal jugular vein. Chin Med J. 2009 Mar 20;122(6):692-6.

Collected were data on age, gender, ultrafiltration volume, Kt/V, blood pressure, levels of hemoglobin, serum albumin, lipid, calcium, and phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone.
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19285609 Bhuriya R, Li S, Chen SC, McCullough PA, Bakris GL: Plasma parathyroid hormone level and prevalent cardiovascular disease in CKD stages 3 and 4: an analysis from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Apr;53(4 Suppl 4):S3-10.

Age, hemoglobin level, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum phosphorus level, and serum calcium level were evaluated as continuous variables, and plasma PTH levels, by tertile: less than 35, 35 to 70, and greater than 70 pg/mL.
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19782455 Lacson E Jr, Xu J, Lin SF, Dean SG, Lazarus JM, Hakim R: Association between achievement of hemodialysis quality-of-care indicators and quality-of-life scores. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Dec;54(6):1098-107. Epub 2009 Sep 25.

PREDICTOR: We hypothesized that achieving up to 5 HD goals before the survey (albumin > or= 4.0 g/dL, hemoglobin of 11-12 g/dL, equilibrated Kt/V > or= 1.2, phosphorus of 3.5-5.5 mg/L, and absence of HD catheter) results in better self-reported quality of life (QoL).
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