Protein Information

Name albumin
Synonyms ALB; Albumin; PRO0883; PRO0903; PRO1341; PRO1708; PRO2044; PRO2619…

Compound Information

Name phosphorus
CAS phosphorus

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20237058 Pelletier S, Roth H, Bouchet JL, Drueke T, London G, Fouque D: Mineral and bone disease pattern in elderly haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010 Mar 21.

METHODS: We prospectively collected serum phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25 (OH) vitamin D, albumin, C-reactive protein, protein intake and CKD-MBD treatments in 9169 maintenance haemodialysis patients in France in June 2008.
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19516243 Chan KE, Lazarus JM, Wingard RL, Hakim RM: Association between repeat hospitalization and early intervention in dialysis patients following hospital discharge. Kidney Int. 2009 Aug;76(3):331-41. Epub 2009 Jun 10.

Compared to pre-hospitalization values, the levels of hemoglobin, albumin, phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid hormone and weight were significantly decreased after hospitalization.
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20301083 Lomonte C, Derosa C, Vernaglione L, Casucci F, Losurdo N, Libutti P, Teutonico A, Basile C: Serum parathyroid hormone and phosphate influence the levels of circulating CD34+ cells in uremia. J Nephrol. 2010 Mar 18. pii: 8A13134E-146D-475D-8FDC-866EB2E16427.

Serum PTH, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), urea nitrogen, albumin and hemoglobin were measured.
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19617474 Hernandez-Divers SJ, Hensel P, Gladden J, Hernandez-Divers SM, Buhlmann KA, Hagen C, Sanchez S, Latimer KS, Ard M, Camus AC: Investigation of shell disease in map turtles (Graptemys spp.). J Wildl Dis. 2009 Jul;45(3):637-52.

Complete blood counts and various biochemistry analytes (total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, uric acid, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, phosphorus, and ionized and total calcium) were measured.
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20336459 Shinjo SK, Bonfa E, de Falco Caparbo V, Pereira RM: Low bone mass in juvenile onset sclerosis systemic: the possible role for 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency. Rheumatol Int. 2010 Mar 25.

Laboratorial analysis included autoantibodies, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), intact parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and albumin sera levels.
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19566635 Yamana E: The relationship of clinical laboratory parameters and patient attributes to the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2009 Jun;6(1):9-20.

The following patient attributes and laboratory values were taken from the medical records: age; sex; primary disease; number of years on hemodialysis; complications; number of hours of hemodialysis per session; percentage weight gain; cardiothoracic ratio; blood pressure; hematocrit; and the serum levels of albumin, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium.
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19965529 Lacson E Jr, Wang W, Lester K, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM, Hakim RM: Outcomes associated with in-center nocturnal hemodialysis from a large multicenter program. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Feb;5(2):220-6. Epub 2009 Dec 3.

At baseline, hemoglobin values were similar, whereas albumin and phosphorus values favored INHD.
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20349428 Sirvent AE, Gonzalez C, Enriquez R, Fernandez J, Millan I, Barber X, Amoros F: Serum tryptase levels and markers of renal dysfunction in a population with chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2010 Mar 26. pii: C0C2F712-6AAB-4CAC-BA1A-22FA73658087.

In univariate analysis, in the conservative treatment CKD population, tryptase was positively correlated with urea, creatinine, potassium, uric acid, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, homocysteine, fibrinogen and proteinuria (p <0.01); tryptase was negatively correlated with calcium, albumin, creatinine clearance, estimated glomerular filtration rate (by abbreviated MDRD equation) and urine creatinine (p <0.01).
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20124547 Avila M, Prado C, Ventura MD, Mora C, Briones D, Valdez H, Hurtado ME, Lindholm B, Qureshi A, Castillo-Henkel C, Paniagua R: Vitamin D receptor gene, biochemical bone markers and bone mineral density in Mexican women on dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010 Feb 2.

METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 197 women (42 +/- 10 years; 25% with diabetes mellitus (DM); body mass index (BMI) 25.26 +/- 4.77 kg/m (2)) treated by PD (72%) or HD (28%) underwent measurements of BMD (measured at the calcaneus by quantitative ultrasound; expressed as T- and Z-scores) and plasma total calcium (tCa), intact parathyroid hormone 1-84 (iPTH), phosphorus, albumin, glucose, osteoprotegerin (OPG), fetuin-A, intact osteocalcin-49 and N-MID fragment 1-43 aa (N-MID osteocalcin) N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide-beta aspartic acid (BCL).
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19537011 Bahlous A, Farjallah N, Bouzid K, Klouz A, Mohsni A, Sahli H, Lakhal M, Sallami S, Abdelmoula J: Hypovitaminosis D in Tunisian osteoporotic postmenopausal women and the relationship with bone fractures. Tunis Med. 2009 Mar;87(3):188-90.

We measured calcium, phosphorus, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) vit D].
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19782455 Lacson E Jr, Xu J, Lin SF, Dean SG, Lazarus JM, Hakim R: Association between achievement of hemodialysis quality-of-care indicators and quality-of-life scores. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Dec;54(6):1098-107. Epub 2009 Sep 25.

PREDICTOR: We hypothesized that achieving up to 5 HD goals before the survey (albumin > or= 4.0 g/dL, hemoglobin of 11-12 g/dL, equilibrated Kt/V > or= 1.2, phosphorus of 3.5-5.5 mg/L, and absence of HD catheter) results in better self-reported quality of life (QoL).
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19571528 Premaor MO, Scalco R, da Silva MJ, Furlanetto TW: Secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with increased risk of hospitalization or death in elderly adults living in a geriatric institution. Gerontology. 2009;55(4):405-10. Epub 2009 Jul 2.

Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin, total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase were measured.
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19995993 Wingard RL, Chan KE, Lazarus JM, Hakim RM: The "right" of passage: surviving the first year of dialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Dec;4 Suppl 1:S114-20.

At 120 d, more RS patients achieved hemoglobin 11 to 12 g/dl (RS = 22.4% versus C = 19.7%, P < 0.01), eKt/V > or = 1.2 (RS = 66% versus C = 53.5%, P < 0.01), albumin > or = 4.0 g/dl (RS = 26% versus C = 22%, P < 0.01), and phosphorus 3.5 to 5.5 mg/dl (RS = 52.4% versus C = 45.4%).
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20185967 Wu W, Sun Z, Yu J, Meng Q, Wang M, Miao J, Sun L: A clinical retrospective analysis of factors associated with apathetic hyperthyroidism. Pathobiology. 2010;77(1):46-51. Epub 2010 Feb 25.

RESULTS: Significant differences were identified with respect to age, serum calcium and corrected calcium, serum phosphorus, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT (3)), free thyroxine (FT (4)), the FT (3)/FT (4) ratio, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, BAP and albumin among the typical and apathetic hyperthyroid and normal groups (all p < 0.001).
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19587504 El Kossi M, Rana A, El Nahas M: Risk factors of hyperparathyroidism in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2009 Jul;20(4):623-7.

All patients had baseline as well as follow-up levels of PTH, adjusted serum calcium, phosphate, calcium phosphorus product, albumin, bicarbonate and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
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20056976 Abraham G, Kumar V, Nayak KS, Ravichandran R, Srinivasan G, Krishnamurthy M, Prasath AK, Kumar S, Thiagarajan T, Mathew M, Lesley N: Predictors of long-term survival on peritoneal dialysis in South India: a multicenter study. Perit Dial Int. 2010 Jan-Feb;30(1):29-34.

Mean blood pressure was 143 +/- 16/88 +/- 10 and 136 +/- 18/85 +/- 9 mmHg, calcium x phosphorus product 44.6 +/- 15.6 and 45.9 +/- 15.7 mg (2)/dL (2), albumin 3.33 +/- 0.5 and 3.25 +/- 0.4 g/dL, hemoglobin 9.18 +/- 2 and 9.48 +/- 1.8 g/dL at the beginning and after 3 years, respectively.
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19735182 Afolayan AJ, Yakubu MT: Effect of Bulbine natalensis Baker stem extract on the functional indices and histology of the liver and kidney of male Wistar rats. J Med Food. 2009 Aug;12(4):814-20.

While the extract increased the activities of liver gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST, respectively), and total bilirubin, globulin, and urea, the levels of albumin, conjugated bilirubin, inorganic phosphorus, and kidney ALP and GGT decreased.
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19917360 Gorgulu N, Yelken B, Caliskan Y, Elitok A, Cimen O, Yazici H, Oflaz H, Turkmen A, Bozfakioglu S, Sever MS: Endothelial dysfunction in peritoneal dialysis patients with and without failed renal transplants. Transplant Proc. 2009 Nov;41(9):3647-50.

Mean duration on PD, peritoneal transport characteristics, PD modality and doses, frequency of peritonitis episodes, as well as serum creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, total cholesterol, albumin, hemoglobin and iPTH levels were similar between the 2 groups.
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19617496 Gelli D, Ferrari V, Franceschini F, Lai O, Laricchiuta P, Zanella A, Bernardini D, Romagnoli S: Serum biochemistry and electrophoretic patterns in the Eurasian Buzzard (Buteo buteo): reference values. J Wildl Dis. 2009 Jul;45(3):828-33.

Mean values for biochemistry parameters were pancreatic amylase 626.9 IU/l, uric acid 7.5 mg/dl, aspartate aminotransferase 330.9 IU/l, glucose 375.1 mg/dl, lipase 26.3 IU/ l, total protein 38.4 g/l, total bilirubin 0.04 mg/ dl, lactate dehydrogenase 2,008.4 IU/l, creatinine kinase 1,604.1 IU/l, alanine aminotransferase 40.4 IU/l, alkaline phosphatase 89.8 IU/l, magnesium 2.3 mg/dl, calcium 10.2 mg/dl, phosphorus 2.02 mg/dl, cholesterol 192.2 mg/ dl, triglyceride 116.4 mg/dl, albumin 14.5 g/l, creatinine 0.1 mg/dl.
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19473331 Tryland M, Lydersen C, Kovacs KM, Thoresen SI: Serum chemistry reference values in free-ranging North Atlantic male walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago. Vet Clin Pathol. 2009 May 15.

Results: Reference values (ranges) included alanine aminotransferase (12-51 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (54-137 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (42-243 U/L), creatine kinase (32-506 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (480-1322 U/L), amylase (0-23 U/L), lipase (68-298 U/L), total protein (68-91 g/L), albumin (25.3-34.8 g/L), creatinine (84-137 mumol/L), urea (8.2-19.9 mmol/L), bilirubin (0-4 mumol/L), cholesterol (4.4-7.3 mmol/L), NEFA (0.1-0.4 mmol/L), triglycerides (0.6-2.2 mmol/L), calcium (2.0-2.7 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.7-2.8 mmol/L), sodium (147-162 mmol/L), potassium (4.7-7.4 mmol/L), chloride (102-115 mmol/L), and cortisol (<28-214 nmol/L).
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20096363 Awerman JL, Romero LM: Chronic psychological stress alters body weight and blood chemistry in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2010 May;156(1):136-42. Epub 2010 Jan 21.

To investigate underlying mechanisms, we periodically measured 12 biochemical analytes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), bile acids, total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, uric acid, calcium (Ca (++)), phosphorus (PHOS), potassium (K (+)), and sodium (Na (+)).
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19345526 Torres PA: [Origin of the mediacalcosis in kidney failure] . J Mal Vasc. 2009 May;34(3):204-10. Epub 2009 Apr 3.

It is now possible to identify factors clearly favoring the formation of VC: TNF-alpha (which stimulates cell necrosis/apoptosis), CRP, oxidized lipids, AGEs, leptin, inorganic phosphate, high calcium-phosphorus product (CaxPO (4)), calcium, 1,25-OH (2) D (3) and Vitamin D (3), PTHrP (via an intracrine pathway), cyclic AMP, TGF-beta, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) and factors protective against the formation of VC: magnesium, HDL, inorganic pyrophosphate, albumin, ahsg/fetuin A, osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteonectin (ON), bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7), klotho, PTHrP (via a paracrine pathway), matrix gla protein (MGP), PTH (via Msx2) and vitamin K.
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19617501 Foster GW, Cunningham MW: Hematology and serum chemistry values for free-ranging Florida panther neonates with a comparison to adult panther values. J Wildl Dis. 2009 Jul;45(3):857-62.

Neonates had higher mean serum values of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, triglycerides, and magnesium than adult panthers but lower mean values of urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, sodium, chloride, creatine kinase, amylase, and total globulin.
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19809995 Cupisti A, Saba A, D'Alessandro C, Meola M, Panicucci E, Panichi V, Raffaelli A, Barsotti G: Dimethylarginine levels and nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. J Nephrol. 2009 Sep-Oct;22(5):623-9.

ADMA/SDMA ratio was inversely related to prealbumin and albumin, creatinine, urea and phosphorus serum levels, as wellas nPNA, but positively to C-reactive protein.
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20122317 Gil AG, Silvan G, Villa A, Millan P, Martinez-Fernandez L, Illera JC: Serum biochemical response to inhalant anesthetics in new zealand white rabbits. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2010;49(1):52-6.

Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, total proteins, total bilirubin, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations were measured by using an autoanalyzer.
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19406544 Lacson E Jr, Wang W, Lazarus JM, Hakim RM: Hemodialysis facility-based quality-of-care indicators and facility-specific patient outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Sep;54(3):490-7. Epub 2009 Apr 29.

MEASUREMENTS: The facility average for the period up to December 31, 2006, was used to determine achievement of each goal for equilibrated Kt/V, missed HD treatments, hemoglobin level, bicarbonate level, albumin level, phosphorus level, fistulae, and HD catheters.
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19657329 Mehrotra R, Kermah DA, Salusky IB, Wolf MS, Thadhani RI, Chiu YW, Martins D, Adler SG, Norris KC: Chronic kidney disease, hypovitaminosis D, and mortality in the United States. Kidney Int. 2009 Nov;76(9):977-83. Epub 2009 Aug 5.

In analyses adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, serum phosphorus, albumin, hemoglobin, stage of chronic kidney disease, albuminuria, and socioeconomic status, individuals with serum 25OHD levels less than 15 ng/ml had an increased risk for all-cause mortality when compared to those with levels over 30 ng/ml.
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20109245 Mavenyengwa M, Mukaratirwa S, Monrad J: Influence of Calicophoron microbothrium amphistomosis on the biochemical and blood cell counts of cattle. J Helminthol. 2010 Jan 29:1-7.

Samples were processed for full blood count, eosinophils and blood biochemical values for calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, total protein and albumin.
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19515804 Fourtounas C, Hardalias A, Dousdampanis P, Savidaki E, Vlachojannis JG: Intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD): an old but still effective modality for severely disabled ESRD patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 Oct;24(10):3215-8. Epub 2009 Jun 10.

RESULTS: Mean values for haematocrit, serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and calcium were comparable with other ESRD populations, whereas there were significantly lower values for albumin (3.2 +/- 0.3 mg/dL) and significantly higher values for phosphorus (7.1 +/- 1.7 mg/dL) despite the use of phosphate binders.
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20062904 Mahdy S, Al-Emadi SA, Khanjar IA, Hammoudeh MM, Sarakbi HA, Siam AM, Abdelrahman MO: Vitamin D status in health care professionals in Qatar. Saudi Med J. 2010 Jan;31(1):74-7.

Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and albumin were obtained.
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19815355 Ali A, Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil FA: Hormonal, biochemical, and hematological profiles in female camels (Camelus dromedarius) affected with reproductive disorders. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010 Apr;118(2-4):372-6. Epub 2009 Sep 4.

Estradiol-17beta (E (2)), progesterone (P (4)), thyroxin (T (4)), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, hematocrite, and total and differential white blood cell counts (WBC) were determined in blood of female camels affected with endometritis (n=15), vaginal adhesions (n=15), and ovarian cysts (n=15).
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19709912 Flint M, Morton JM, Limpus CJ, Patterson-Kane JC, Murray PJ, Mills PC: Development and application of biochemical and haematological reference intervals to identify unhealthy green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). Vet J. 2009 Aug 24.

All of the unhealthy animals had plasma biochemical and haematological values outside one or more RIs (albumin, 48% of unhealthy animals; alkaline phosphatase, 35%; aspartate transaminase, 13%; creatinine, 30%; globulin, 3%; glucose, 34%; lactic dehydrogenase, 26%; phosphorus, 22%; sodium, 13%; thrombocytes, 57%; and monocytes, 5%).
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19383807 Tucci JR: Vitamin D therapy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and hypovitaminosis D. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Jul;161(1):189-93. Epub 2009 Apr 21.

METHODS: Serum calcium, albumin, phosphorus, 25-OHD, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and urine calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) ratios were measured before and during vitamin D therapy.
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19587496 Hamidian Jahromi A, Roozbeh J, Raiss-Jalali GA, Dabaghmanesh A, Jalaeian H, Bahador A, Nikeghbalian S, Salehipour M, Salahi H, Malek-Hosseini A: Risk factors of post renal transplant hyperparathyroidism. . Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2009 Jul;20(4):573-6.

The duration of dialysis, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), albumin, creatinine and iPTH levels were recorded prior to transplantation and three months and one year after transplantation.
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19405827 Izumi A, Yoshihara A, Hirotomi T, Miyazaki H: The relationship between serum lipids and periodontitis in elderly non-smokers. J Periodontol. 2009 May;80(5):740-8.

Albumin, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, and C-reactive protein were used as independent variables in the second analysis.
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19691049 Chu BL, Lin JM, Wang Z, Guo B: Enantiospecific binding of Rotigotine and its antipode to serum albumins: Investigation of binding constants and binding sites by partial-filling ACE. Electrophoresis. 2009 Aug;30(16):2845-52.

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20331382 Wikstrom B, Jacobson SH, Bragg-Gresham J, Eichleay M, Pisoni R, Port F: Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study estimate of patient life-years attributable to modifiable haemodialysis practices in Sweden. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2010 Mar;44(2):113-20.

The sample was used to estimate life-years gained through adherence to six potentially modifiable practice patterns: dialysis dose, anaemia, serum phosphorus, serum calcium, serum albumin and catheter use for vascular access.
RESULTS: The practices resulting in the largest patient-year gains were increasing patient albumin above 35 g/l and reducing facility catheter use to below 10%.
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19906143 Liu N, Ru YJ, Li FD: Effect of dietary phytate and phytase on metabolic change of blood and intestinal mucosa in chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2009 Nov 11.

Diets containing phytate phosphorus (0.22% or 0.44%) with phytase supplementation (0, 500 or 1000 U/kg) were administrated to 504 Cobb chicks for 4 weeks.
Results showed that the serum concentrations of total cholesterol (T-CHO), albumin, albumin/globulin, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were decreased by 9-41% in high phytate diets (p < 0.05) and the concentrations of blood P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mg were decreased by 4-14% for birds fed high phytate diets (p < 0.05), whereas inclusion of phytase compensated these adverse influences.
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19682715 Ghanem MM, El-Deeb WM: Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity as a predictor for ketosis and parturient haemoglobinuria in Egyptian water buffaloes. Res Vet Sci. 2010 Feb;88(1):20-5. Epub 2009 Aug 13.


There were significant reductions in the total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and albumin in K and PHU groups; whereas, significant increases in AST, GGT, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in K and PHU groups were detected.
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19360617 Ange-van Heugten K, Verstegen M, Ferket PR, Stoskopf M, van Heugten E: Serum chemistry concentrations of captive woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha). Zoo Biol. 2008 May;27(3):188-99.

Albumin, ALP, chloride, Na, and total bilirubin were higher for Zoo A, whereas gamma-glutamyl-transferase, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase were lower for Zoo A (P <0.05).
All panel result means were similar to previously reported concentrations for howler (Alouatta sp.) and spider monkeys (Ateles sp.) with the possible exception of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase being higher, whereas creatinine and phosphorus were lower.
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20194574 Oyedemi S, Yakubu M, Afolayan A: Effect of aqueous extract of Leonotis leonurus (L.) R. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010 Mar 1.

The extract did not significantly (p > .05) alter the levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, basophils, total protein, phosphorus, calcium and chloride ions of the animals.
Whereas the levels of lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, albumin as well as alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase activity were decreased by the extract, those of neutrophil, magnesium, total and conjugated bilirubin, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase as well as liver and kidney body weight ratios increased.
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19368237 Dyer KJ, Perryman BL, Holcombe DW: Fitness and nutritional assessment of greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) using hematologic and serum chemistry parameters through a cycle of seasonal habitats in northern Nevada. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2009 Mar;40(1):18-28.

Higher serum phosphorus levels were detected for LW females during MARCH (P < 0.0001), and no site differences were detected for MAY or JULY.
Adults had more plasma protein and albumin than yearlings during MARCH (P < 0.005) followed by a decrease by MAY (P < or = 0.0001).
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20172446 Bomback AS, Kshirsagar AV, Whaley-Connell AT, Chen SC, Li S, Klemmer PJ, McCullough PA, Bakris GL: Racial differences in kidney function among individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome: results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Mar;55(3 Suppl 2):S4-S14.

METHODS: 3 study cohorts were assembled: (1) eligible African American and white KEEP participants with body mass index > or = 30 kg/m (2), (2) a subgroup meeting criteria for metabolic syndrome, and (3) a subgroup with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m (2) and laboratory measurements for hemoglobin, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus.
African Americans were more likely to have abnormal urinary albumin excretion (microalbuminuria, 12.5% vs 10.2%; OR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.45-1.76]; macroalbuminuria, 1.3% vs 1.2%; OR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.23-2.12]) and CKD stages 1-2 (10.3% vs 7.1%; OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.38-1.72]).
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19675528 Goldstein SL, Ikizler TA, Zappitelli M, Silverstein DM, Ayus JC: Non-infected hemodialysis catheters are associated with increased inflammation compared to arteriovenous fistulas. Kidney Int. 2009 Nov;76(10):1063-9. Epub 2009 Aug 12.

The changes in CRP did not differ by gender, diabetes status, or by race, and was not correlated with a change in phosphorus, age, or urea reduction ratio at 1 month following hemodialysis initiation.
Decreased CRP was associated with increased hemoglobin and albumin.
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20167032 Ashkar ZM: Association of calcium-phosphorus product with blood pressure in dialysis. J Clin Hypertens. 2010 Feb 1;12(2):96-103.

Multilinear regression analysis was then done between ca x ph product and BPs adjusting for age, sex, hemoglobin, diabetes, albumin, parathyroid hormone, ultrafiltration volume, and average BP medications per patient.
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19615803 Meijers BK, Van Kerckhoven S, Verbeke K, Dehaen W, Vanrenterghem Y, Hoylaerts MF, Evenepoel P: The uremic retention solute p-cresyl sulfate and markers of endothelial damage. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Nov;54(5):891-901. Epub 2009 Jul 17.


Other independent determinants of the degree of circulating microparticles were greater serum phosphorus (mean, 4.8 +/- 1.5 mg/dL; P = 0.008) and serum calcium concentrations (mean, 9.3 +/- 0.8 mg/dL; P = 0.03), whereas treatment with active vitamin D (P = 0.008) and vintage (median, 25 months; P = 0.04) were inversely associated. (2) In vitro, p-cresyl sulfate induced a dose-dependent increase in the shedding of endothelial microparticles (P < 0.001) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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19715852 Beltran S, Gavela E, Kanter J, Sancho A, Avila A, Gorriz JL, Crespo JF, Pallardo LM: Beginning hemodialysis: do patients with a failed renal transplant start in worse condition?. Transplant Proc. 2009 Jul-Aug;41(6):2129-31.


RESULTS: We did not observe significant differences in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), potassium, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and hemoglobin levels between the 2 groups at the beginning of dialysis.
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19919972 Aboyade O, Yakubu M, Grierson D, Afolayan A: Studies on the toxicological effect of the aqueous extract of the fresh, dried and boiled berries of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal in male Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2009 Dec;28(12):765-75. Epub .


The FB and BFB also increased the levels of potassium, magnesium and phosphorus of the animals.
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