| 20058312 |
Gieling RG, Elsharkawy AM, Caamano JH, Cowie DE, Wright MC, Ebrahimkhani MR, Burt AD, Mann J, Raychaudhuri P, Liou HC, Oakley F, Mann DA: The c-Rel subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB regulates murine liver inflammation, wound-healing, and hepatocyte proliferation. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):922-31.
In this study, we determined the role of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) subunit c-Rel in liver injury and regeneration. In response to toxic injury of the liver, c-Rel null (c-rel (-/-)) mice displayed a defect in the neutrophilic inflammatory response, associated with impaired induction of RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted; also known as CCL5). The subsequent fibrogenic/wound-healing response to both chronic carbon tetrachloride and bile duct ligation induced injury was also impaired and this was associated with deficiencies in the expression of fibrogenic genes, collagen I and alpha-smooth muscle actin, by hepatic stellate cells. We additionally report that c-Rel is required for the normal proliferative regeneration of hepatocytes in response to toxic injury and partial hepatectomy. Absence of c-Rel was associated with blunted and delayed induction of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) and its downstream targets cyclin B1 and Cdc25C. Furthermore, isolated c-rel (-/-) hepatocytes expressed reduced levels of FoxM1 and a reduced rate of basal and epidermal growth factor-induced DNA synthesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that c-Rel binding to the FoxM1 promoter is induced in the regenerating liver. Conclusion: c-Rel has multiple functions in the control of liver homeostasis and regeneration and is a transcriptional regulator of FoxM1 and compensatory hepatocyte proliferation. |
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