Protein Information

ID 3325
Name IFNgamma
Synonyms IFG; IFI; IFN gamma; IFNG; IFNgamma; Immune interferon; Interferon gamma; Interferon gamma precursor…

Compound Information

ID 1689
Name IAA
CAS

Reference

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11317661 Nicoletti F, Conget I, Di Marco R, Speciale AM, Morinigo R, Bendtzen K, Gomis R: Serum levels of the interferon-gamma-inducing cytokine interleukin-18 are increased in individuals at high risk of developing type I diabetes. Diabetologia. 2001 Mar;44(3):309-11.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Interleukin (IL)-18 is a cytokine primarily produced by macrophages and capable of inducing T lymphocyte synthesis of interferon (IFN)-gamma. An up-regulated synthesis of IFN-gamma with consequential Type I cytokine dominance has been repeatedly shown in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and thought to be involved in its pathogenesis. Because increased production of IFN-gamma could be secondary to a dysregulated synthesis of IL-18, we compared the circulating levels of IL-18 in patients with newly diagnosed Type I diabetes with those of non-diabetic first-degree relatives and healthy control subjects. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from healthy control subjects, patients with newly diagnosed Type I diabetes, and their healthy first-degree relatives. The latter were subdivided into "low" and "high" risk prediabetics depending on whether they were negative or positive for two or more of the anti-pancreatic autoantibodies ICA, GAD, IA-2 and IAA. Serum levels of IL-18 were measured by solid-phase ELISA. RESULTS: Interleukin (IL)-18 was above the detection limit of 25 pg/ml in 7 of 40 (17%) healthy control subjects, in 5 of 35 (14%) patients and in 3 of 30 (10%) first-degree relatives at low risk of developing Type I diabetes. In contrast, IL-18 could be detected in 19 of 28 (68%; p < 0.0001) relatives at high risk. The mean serum level of IL-18 was higher in these individuals when compared with the low-risk relatives, patients and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: IL-18 serum levels are increased selectively during the early, subclinical stage of Type I diabetes.
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