| Name | cytochrome P450 (protein family or complex) |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | cytochrome P450; cytochrome P 450; CYP450; CYP 450 |
| Name | chlorpyrifos |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17427179 | Joo H, Choi K, Rose RL, Hodgson E: Inhibition of fipronil and nonane metabolism in human liver microsomes and human cytochrome P450 isoforms by chlorpyrifos. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2007;21(2):76-80. Previous studies have established that chlorpyrifos (CPS), fipronil, and nonane can all be metabolized by human liver microsomes (HLM) and a number of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. |
112(1,2,2,2) | Details |
| 8571366 | Chambers JE, Carr RL: Biochemical mechanisms contributing to species differences in insecticidal toxicity. Toxicology. 1995 Dec 28;105(2-3):291-304. The activities and properties of hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated activation (desulfuration) and detoxication (dearylation) of the phosphorothionates as well as of A-esterase-mediated hydrolysis of oxons contribute substantially to understanding the acute toxicity levels in rats, as does the sensitivity of the protective aliesterases to phosphorylation. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12620367 | Buratti FM, Volpe MT, Meneguz A, Vittozzi L, Testai E: CYP-specific bioactivation of four organophosphorothioate pesticides by human liver microsomes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Feb 1;186(3):143-54. The bioactivation of azinphos-methyl (AZIN), chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DIA), and parathion (PAR), four widely used organophosphorothioate (OPT) pesticides has been investigated in human liver microsomes (HLM). In addition, the role of human cytochrome P450 (CYPs) in OPT desulfuration at pesticide levels representative of human exposure have been defined by means of correlation and immunoinhibition studies. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17163483 | Choi K, Joo H, Rose RL, Hodgson E: Metabolism of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon by human hepatocytes. . J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2006;20(6):279-91. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent and phase II-related products were determined following incubation with CPS and CPO. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9439736 | Atterberry TT, Burnett WT, Chambers JE: Age-related differences in parathion and chlorpyrifos toxicity in male rats: target and nontarget esterase sensitivity and cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Dec;147(2):411-8. |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 19034796 | Lee S, Busby AL, Timchalk C, Poet TS: Effects of exposure on in vitro metabolism of chlorpyrifos in male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2009;72(2):74-82. CPF is an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide that is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) to its major metabolites, chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-oxon) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP). |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 12385721 | Tang J, Cao Y, Rose RL, Hodgson E: In vitro metabolism of carbaryl by human cytochrome P450 and its inhibition by chlorpyrifos. Chem Biol Interact. 2002 Oct 20;141(3):229-41. |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 15587241 | Dalvi RR, Dalvi PS, Lane C: Cytochrome P450-mediated activation and toxicity of chlorpyrifos in male and female rats. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2004 Dec;46(6):297-9. |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 15560889 | Usmani KA, Hodgson E, Rose RL: In vitro metabolism of carbofuran by human, mouse, and rat cytochrome P450 and interactions with chlorpyrifos, and Chem Biol Interact. 2004 Dec 7;150(3):221-32. |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 11714865 | Dai D, Tang J, Rose R, Hodgson E, Bienstock RJ, Mohrenweiser HW, Goldstein JA: Identification of variants of CYP3A4 and characterization of their abilities to metabolize and chlorpyrifos. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Dec;299(3):825-31. CYP3A4 is the most abundant isoform of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in adult human liver. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11976062 | Valles SM, Woodson WD: Insecticide susceptibility and detoxication enzyme activities among Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki workers sampled from different locations in New Orleans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;131(4):469-76. The termites were subsequently assayed to determine their susceptibility to cypermethrin, chlordane and chlorpyrifos, and detoxication enzyme activity. As with the bioassay data, although significant differences were noted, a great deal of overlap was observed among the colonies for total cytochrome P450 content (difference of 2.2-fold between high and low value) aldrin epoxidation (3.6-fold) and cytosolic esterase (3.9-fold) activity. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19691325 | Keum YS, Lee YH, Kim JH: Metabolism of methoxychlor by Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Sep 9;57(17):7931-7. Piperonyl butoxide and chlorpyrifos strongly inhibit the degradation of methoxychlor and concomitant accumulation of metabolites, indicating cytochrome P450 mediated metabolism. |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 17504771 | Timchalk C, Kousba AA, Poet TS: An age-dependent physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos in the preweanling rat. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Aug;98(2):348-65. Epub 2007 May 15. Of importance are CYP450 activation and detoxification of CPF to chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-oxon) and trichloropyridinol (TCP), as well as B-esterase (B-est) and PON-1 (A-esterase) detoxification of CPF-oxon to TCP. |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 8896566 | Davies HG, Richter RJ, Keifer M, Broomfield CA, Sowalla J, Furlong CE: The effect of the human serum paraoxonase polymorphism is reversed with diazoxon, soman and sarin. Nat Genet. 1996 Nov;14(3):334-6. The insecticides parathion, chlorpyrifos and diazinon are bioactivated to potent cholinesterase inhibitors by cytochrome P-450 systems. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17079358 | Foxenberg RJ, McGarrigle BP, Knaak JB, Kostyniak PJ, Olson JR: Human hepatic cytochrome p450-specific metabolism of parathion and chlorpyrifos. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Feb;35(2):189-93. Epub 2006 Nov 1. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12088537 | Fragoso DB, Guedes RN, Guedes RN, Picanco MC, Zambolim L: Insecticide use and organophosphate resistance in the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). Bull Entomol Res. 2002 Jun;92(3):203-12. Increasing rates of insecticide use against the coffee leaf minerLeucoptera coffeella (Guerin-Meneville) and field reports on insecticide resistance led to an investigation of the possible occurrence of resistance of this species to some of the oldest insecticides used against it in Brazil: chlorpyrifos, disulfoton, ethion and methyl parathion. Results from insecticide bioassays with synergists (diethyl piperonyl butoxide and triphenyl suggested that cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases may play a major role in resistance with minor involvement of esterases and glutathione S-transferases. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17936934 | Furlong CE: Genetic variability in the cytochrome P450-paraoxonase 1 (PON1) pathway for detoxication of organophosphorus compounds. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2007;21(4):197-205. The detoxication of the oxon forms of diazinon and chlorpyrifos is achieved by hydrolysis to the respective aromatic and diethyl phosphates primarily by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a plasma enzyme tightly associated with high-density lipoprotein particles and also found in liver. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15764407 | Sams C, Cocker J, Lennard MS: Biotransformation of chlorpyrifos and diazinon by human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P450s (CYP). Xenobiotica. 2004 Oct;34(10):861-73. The cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated biotransformation of the organophosphorothioate insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon was investigated. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11502728 | Tang J, Cao Y, Rose RL, Brimfield AA, Dai D, Goldstein JA, Hodgson E: Metabolism of chlorpyrifos by human cytochrome P450 isoforms and human, mouse, and rat liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Sep;29(9):1201-4. |
62(0,2,2,2) | Details |
| 9745924 | Furlong CE, Li WF, Costa LG, Richter RJ, Shih DM, Lusis AJ: Genetically determined susceptibility to organophosphorus insecticides and nerve agents: developing a mouse model for the human PON1 polymorphism. Neurotoxicology. 1998 Aug-Oct;19(4-5):645-50. Several organophosphorus insecticides and nerve agents are detoxified through the cytochrome P450/paraoxonase (PON1) pathway. Both isoforms hydrolyze phenylacetate and chlorpyrifos oxon at approximately the same rate. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7514706 | Chambers JE, Ma T, Boone JS, Chambers HW: Role of detoxication pathways in acute toxicity levels of phosphorothionate insecticides in the rat. Life Sci. 1994;54(18):1357-64. Cytochrome P450-mediated dearylation activity was higher in males than in females. In vitro Ca (++)-dependent A-esterase-mediated hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos-oxon but not of paraoxon occurred at biologically relevant nM concentrations. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10504896 | Scharf ME, Lee CY, Neal JJ, Bennett GW: Cytochrome P450 MA expression in insecticide-resistant German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol. 1999 Aug;92(4):788-93. Strains showing the highest P450 MA expression had both the highest tolerance to the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos and cytochrome P450-mediated demethylation activity. |
33(0,1,1,3) | Details |
| 10794389 | Furlong CE, Li WF, Richter RJ, Shih DM, Lusis AJ, Alleva E, Costa LG: Genetic and temporal determinants of pesticide sensitivity: role of paraoxonase (PON1). Neurotoxicology. 2000 Feb-Apr;21(1-2):91-100. A number of organophosphorothioate insecticides are detoxified in part via a two-step pathway involving bioactivation of the parent compound by the cytochrome P450 systems, then hydrolysis of the resulting oxygenated metabolite (oxon) by serum and liver paraoxonases (PON1). Phenylacetate is hydrolyzed at approximately the same rate by both PON1 isoforms and chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) slightly faster by the PON1R192 isoform. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8995787 | Scott JG: Inhibitors of CYP6D1 in house fly microsomes. . Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1996 Jul;26(7):645-9. CYP6D1 is a cytochrome P450 responsible for the metabolism of insecticides and other xenobiotics in the house fly (Musca domestica). CYP6D1 was strongly inhibited by xanthotoxin, chlorpyrifos, beta-naphthoflavone, piperonyl butoxide and 5-methoxypsoralen. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10930656 | Straus1 DL, Schlenk D, Chambers JE: Hepatic microsomal desulfuration and dearylation of chlorpyrifos and parathion in fingerling channel catfish: lack of effect from Aroclor 1254. Aquat Toxicol. 2000 Aug 1;50(1-2):141-151. Channel catfish were treated intraperitoneally with 100 mg Aroclor 1254/kg body weight and sacrificed at 96 h to observe the effects of this cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) inducer on chlorpyrifos and parathion metabolism. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 7562954 | Ma T, Chambers JE: A kinetic analysis of hepatic microsomal activation of parathion and chlorpyrifos in control and phenobarbital-treated rats. J Biochem Toxicol. 1995 Apr;10(2):63-8. A kinetic analysis of cytochrome P450-mediated desulfuration (activation) or dearylation (detoxication) showed that rat hepatic microsomes have a greater capacity to detoxify and a lower capacity to activate chlorpyrifos compared to parathion. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11854147 | Usmani KA, Rose RL, Goldstein JA, Taylor WG, Brimfield AA, Hodgson E: In vitro human metabolism and interactions of repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Mar;30(3):289-94. CYP2B6 is the principal cytochrome P450 involved in the metabolism of DEET to its major BALC metabolite, whereas CYP2C19 had the greatest activity for the formation of the ET metabolite. Mice treated with DEET demonstrated induced levels of the CYP2B family, increased hydroxylation, and a 2.4-fold increase in the metabolism of chlorpyrifos to chlorpyrifos-oxon, a potent anticholinesterase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11425027 | Lee SE, Lees EM: Biochemical mechanisms of resistance in strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) resistant to malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl. J Econ Entomol. 2001 Jun;94(3):706-13. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity was based on cytochrome P450 content, aldrin epoxidase activity, and oxidation of organophosphate insecticides, all elevated in resistant strains. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11405414 | Abu-Qare AW, Abdel-Rahman A, Brownie C, Kishk AM, Abou-Donia MB: Inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes following a single dermal dose of chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion, alone and in combination, in pregnant rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2001 Jun 8;63(3):173-89. The lower inhibitory effect of the combination could be due to competition between chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion for cytochrome P-450 enzymes, resulting in inhibition of the formation of the potent cholinesterase inhibitor oxon forms. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 15747499 | Hodgson E, Rose RL: Human metabolism and metabolic interactions of deployment-related chemicals. Drug Metab Rev. 2005;37(1):1-39. These initial studies have examined the human metabolism by cytochrome P450, other phase I enzymes, and their isoforms and, in some cases, their polymorphic variants of compounds such as chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, DEET, permethrin, and pyridostigmine bromide, and, to a lesser extent, other chemicals from the same chemical and use classes, including solvents, jet fuel components, and mustard metabolites. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16684654 | Hodgson E, Rose RL: Organophosphorus chemicals: potent inhibitors of the human metabolism of steroid hormones and xenobiotics. Drug Metab Rev. 2006;38(1-2):149-62. Recent studies have demonstrated that organophosphate insecticides containing this moiety are potent inhibitors of the metabolism of both xenobiotics and endogenous substrates by human liver microsomes and by specific human cytochrome P450 isoforms. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12140181 | Schuh RA, Lein PJ, Beckles RA, Jett DA: Noncholinesterase mechanisms of chlorpyrifos neurotoxicity: altered phosphorylation of Ca2+/cAMP response element binding protein in cultured neurons. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Jul 15;182(2):176-85. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 14658504 | Wright RJ, Scharf ME, Meinke LJ, Zhou X, Siegfried BD, Chandler LD: Larval susceptibility of an insecticide-resistant western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) population to soil insecticides: laboratory bioassays, assays of detoxification enzymes, and field performance. J Econ Entomol. 2000 Feb;93(1):7-13. Resistance ratios (LD50 Phelps County/LD50 Saunders County) for the insecticides methyl parathion, tefluthrin, carbofuran, terbufos, and chlorpyrifos were 28.0, 9.3, 8.7, 2.6 and 1.3, respectively. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 7520881 | Ma T, Chambers JE: Kinetic parameters of desulfuration and dearylation of parathion and chlorpyrifos by rat liver microsomes. Food Chem Toxicol. 1994 Aug;32(8):763-7. A kinetic analysis of cytochrome P-450 mediated desulfuration (activation) and dearylation (detoxication) of the two insecticides indicated that rat hepatic microsomes have a higher capacity to activate and a lower capacity to detoxify parathion than chlorpyrifos; these capacities correspond to their acute toxicity levels. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16002382 | Searles Nielsen S, Mueller BA, De Roos AJ, Viernes HM, Farin FM, Checkoway H: Risk of brain tumors in children and susceptibility to organophosphorus insecticides: the potential role of paraoxonase (PON1). Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jul;113(7):909-13. Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) target the developing nervous system, and until recently, the most common residential insecticides were chlorpyrifos and diazinon, two OPs metabolized in the body through the cytochrome P450/paraoxonase 1 (PON1) pathway. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10996483 | Sams C, Mason HJ, Rawbone R: Evidence for the activation of organophosphate pesticides by cytochromes P450 3A4 and 2D6 in human liver microsomes. Toxicol Lett. 2000 Aug 16;116(3):217-21. The role of specific cytochrome P450 isoforms in catalysing the oxidative biotransformation of the organophosphorothioate pesticides parathion, chlorpyrifos and diazinon into structures that inhibit cholinesterase has been investigated in human liver microsomes using chemical inhibitors. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 18447001 | Cho TM, Rose RL, Hodgson E: The effect of chlorpyrifos-oxon and other xenobiotics on the human cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of naphthalene and deet. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2007;22(4):235-62. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17194553 | Goel A, Dani V, Dhawan DK: mediates normalization of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity. Toxicol Lett. 2007 Feb 28;169(1):26-33. Epub 2006 Dec 9. Similarly, co-administration of zinc to chlorpyrifos intoxicated animals normalized the enzymatic activities of cytochrome P (450), cytochrome-c-reductase and cytochrome-c-reductase within normal range. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 11878473 | Jin-Clark Y, Lydy MJ, Zhu KY: Effects of atrazine and cyanazine on chlorpyrifos toxicity in Chironomus tentans (Diptera: Chironomidae). Environ Toxicol Chem. 2002 Mar;21(3):598-603. It is possible that these herbicides may affect cytochrome P450 enzymes to confer synergistic effects on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 16343727 | Timchalk C, Poet TS, Kousba AA: Age-dependent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response in preweanling rats following oral exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos. Toxicology. 2006 Mar 1;220(1):13-25. Epub 2005 Dec 15. Metabolism involves CYP450 activation and detoxification of CPF to CPF-oxon and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), as well as cholinesterase (acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase), carboxylesterase (CaE), and A-esterase (PON-1) detoxification of CPF-oxon to TCP. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15557345 | Buratti FM, D'Aniello A, Volpe MT, Meneguz A, Testai E: Malathion bioactivation in the human liver: the contribution of different cytochrome p450 isoforms. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Mar;33(3):295-302. Epub 2004 Nov 22. These results are in line with those found with chlorpyrifos, diazinon, azynphos-methyl, and parathion, characterized by the presence of an aromatic ring in the molecule. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 7535964 | Vodela JK, Dalvi RR: Comparative toxicological studies of chlorpyrifos in rats and chickens. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1995 Feb;37(1):1-3. Oral administration resulted in decreased cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities and increased cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity in rats. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18835618 | Takeuchi S, Iida M, Yabushita H, Matsuda T, Kojima H: In vitro screening for aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using a highly sensitive reporter cell line, DR-EcoScreen cells, and in vivo mouse liver cytochrome P450-1A induction by propanil, diuron and linuron. Chemosphere. 2008 Dec;74(1):155-65. Epub 2008 Oct 5. Eleven of the 200 pesticides (acifluorfen-methyl, bifenox, chlorpyrifos, isoxathion, quinalphos, chlorpropham, diethofencarb, propanil, diuron, linuron, and prochloraz) showed AhR-mediated transcriptional activity. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18394709 | Timchalk C, Poet TS: Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model to determine dosimetry and cholinesterase inhibition for a binary mixture of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in the rat. Neurotoxicology. 2008 May;29(3):428-43. Epub 2008 Mar 10. It is anticipated that these OPs could interact at a number of important metabolic steps including: CYP450 mediated activation/detoxification, B-esterases [carboxylesterase (CaE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] or PON-1 (A-esterase) oxon detoxification. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 20183062 | Abass K, Turpeinen M, Pelkonen O: An evaluation of the cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of selected pesticides in human hepatic microsomes. J Environ Sci Health B. 2009 Aug;44(6):553-63. Generally organophosphorus insecticides were the most potent and extensive inhibitors, especially towards CYP1A1/2 (IC (50) values of chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and profenofos approximately 3 micro M), CYP2B6 (IC (50) values of chlorpyrifos and fenitrothion 2.5 micro M), CYP2C8 (fenitrothion 4.3 micro M), CYP2C9 (fenitrothion and malathion 4.8 and 2.5 micro M, respectively), CYP2D6 (chlorpyrifos and phenthoate approximately 3 micro M) and CYP3A4 (chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and phenthoate 3-4 micro M). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20097188 | Lee S, Poet TS, Smith JN, Busby-Hjerpe AL, Timchalk C: Effect of in vivo exposure on chlorpyrifos pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2010 Mar 30;184(3):449-57. Epub 2010 Jan 25. The extent of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was reduced due to co-exposure consistent with an increase in CYP450-mediated dearylation (detoxification) versus desulfuration. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15154513 | Ahmad M, Hollingworth RM: Synergism of insecticides provides evidence of metabolic mechanisms of resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pest Manag Sci. 2004 May;60(5):465-73. These studies indicate that enhanced detoxification, often mediated by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, but with probable esterase and glutathione S-transferase contributions in some cases, is the major mechanism imparting resistance to different insecticides in C. rosaceana. The interactions between six insecticides (indoxacarb, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl, tebufenozide and chlorfenapyr) and three potential synergists, (piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl (DEM)) were studied by dietary exposure in a multi-resistant and a susceptible strain of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 1517505 | Siegfried BD, Scott JG: Biochemical characterization of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in insecticide resistant and susceptible strains of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol. 1992 Aug;85(4):1092-8. We have identified resistance mechanisms in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), for propoxur and chlorpyrifos in strains of cockroaches that display multiresistance to several organophosphate and insecticides. Analysis of components of the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system and activities toward model substrates indicate that the two resistance mechanisms also involve different oxidative processes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16413821 | Cui Y, Guo J, Xu B, Chen Z: Potential of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin forming DNA adducts. Mutat Res. 2006 Apr 30;604(1-2):36-41. Epub 2006 Jan 18. However, cypermethrin didn't form DNA interstrand crosslinks on calf thymus DNA and in hepatocytes treated with SKF-525A, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, which suggests that active metabolites of cypermethrin instead of cypermethrin itself caused DNA interstrand crosslinks and that cytochrome P450 may be involved in the activation of cypermethrin. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8294621 | Hemingway J, Dunbar SJ, Monro AG, Small GJ: Pyrethroid resistance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattelidae): resistance levels and underlying mechanisms. J Econ Entomol. 1993 Dec;86(6):1631-8. Twelve of these strains were also resistant to chlorpyrifos and propoxur. Possible resistance mechanisms detected in these populations included elevated levels of cytochrome P450, general esterase and glutathione S-transferase, and nerve insensitivity (kdr-type resistance). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19326769 | Das PC, Cao Y, Roset RL, Cherrington N, Hodgson E: Enzyme induction and cytotoxicity in human hepatocytes by chlorpyrifos and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2008;23(3-4):237-60. Xenobiotics, including drugs and environmental chemicals, can influence cytochrome P450 (CYP) levels by altering the transcription of CYP genes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12642463 | Usmani KA, Rose RL, Hodgson E: Inhibition and activation of the human liver microsomal and human cytochrome P450 3A4 metabolism of by deployment-related chemicals. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Apr;31(4):384-91. Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are major catalysts involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous substrates such as testosterone (TST). The greatest inhibition of TST metabolism in HLM was following preincubation with organophosphorus compounds, including chlorpyrifos, phorate, and fonofos, with up to 80% inhibition noticed for several metabolites including 6beta-OHTST. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18026775 | Jin-Clark Y, Anderson TD, Zhu KY: Effect of alachlor and metolachlor on toxicity of chlorpyrifos and major detoxification enzymes in the aquatic midge, Chironomus tentans (Diptera: Chironomidae). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008 May;54(4):645-52. Epub 2007 Nov 17. In contrast, metolachlor at 1,000 microg/L reduced protein production by 3.2-fold, which was associated with a 2.8-fold reduction of cytochrome P450 O-deethylation total activity and 1.4- to 1.7-fold reductions of GST total activities in the treated midges. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15018574 | Schulze H, Schmid RD, Bachmann TT: Activation of phosphorothionate pesticides based on a cytochrome P450 BM-3 (CYP102 A1) mutant for expanded neurotoxin detection in food using acetylcholinesterase biosensors. Anal Chem. 2004 Mar 15;76(6):1720-5. In contrast, a genetically engineered triple mutant of P450 BM-3 (CYP102 A1) could convert the two frequently used insecticides parathion and chlorpyrifos into their oxo variants as was confirmed by GC/MS measurements. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15885262 | Timchalk C, Poet TS, Hinman MN, Busby AL, Kousba AA: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction for a binary mixture of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 May 15;205(1):31-42. A high binary dose of 60/60 mg/kg increased the C (max) and AUC and decreased the clearance for both parent compounds, likely due to competition between CPF and DZN for CYP450 metabolism. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10880815 | Lee S, Choi W, Lee H, Park B: Cross-resistance of a chlorpyrifos-methyl resistant strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) to fumigant toxicity of essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus globulus and its major monoterpene, J Stored Prod Res. 2000 Oct 15;36(4):383-389. The resistance mechanisms in the resistant strain are discussed in relation to elevated detoxifying enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and esterases. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |