Protein Information

Name C18
Synonyms B1; D1; BBS 9; BBS9; BBS9 GENE; Bardet Biedl syndrome 9 protein; C18; PTH responsive osteosarcoma B1 protein…

Compound Information

Name chloroform
CAS trichloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18330250 Li PF, Zhang YH, Xiao L, Jin XH: [Determination of cinnamic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of subing orally disintegrating tablets and study of its pharmacokinetics behavior]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2007 Dec;32(23):2528-30.

METHOD: The plasma samples were acidified with acetic acid and extracted with chloroform.
Cinnamic acid was separated on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) eluted with a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid (25:20:55:0.3) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min (-1) and room temperature with UV detection at 278 nm, carbamazepine as internal standard.
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18336011 Liao Z, Pemberton JE: Structure-function relationships in high-density docosylsilane bonded stationary phases by Raman spectroscopy and comparison to octadecylsilane bonded stationary phases: effects of common solvents. Anal Chem. 2008 Apr 15;80(8):2911-20. Epub 2008 Mar 13.

Solvents studied include methanol-d4, acetonitrile-d3, water-d2, toluene-d8, chloroform-d. and benzene-d6.
A comparison is made between C22 and C18 bonded-phase systems to further understand the role of alkyl chain length on solvent-stationary phase interactions.
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19269215 Tennakoon S, Perera B, Haturusinghe L: Intentional poisoning cases of animals with anticholinesterase pesticide-carbofuran in Sri Lanka. Leg Med. 2009 Apr;11 Suppl 1:S500-2. Epub 2009 Mar 6.

The quantitative analysis was carried out by HPLC using Zorbax Eclips XDB-C18 (150 x 4.6 mm I.D x 5 microm particle size) column with acetonitrile: water 25:75 v/v mobile phase and UV detection at 210 nm.
The liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform was reproducible and sensitive.
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19382591 Boison J, Lee S, Gedir R: Analytical determination of virginiamycin drug residues in edible porcine tissues by LC-MS with confirmation by LC-MS/MS. J AOAC Int. 2009 Jan-Feb;92(1):329-39.

After centrifugation, the supernatant is diluted with phosphate buffer and cleaned up on a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge.
VMY in the eluate is partitioned into chloroform and the aqueous upper layer is removed by aspiration.
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19298712 Kaur V, Malik AK: Speciation of chromium metal ions by RP-HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci. 2009 Mar;47(3):238-42.

Simultaneous preconcentration of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in aqueous solutions was achieved by extraction of metal species in chloroform as MDTC complexes.
The separation of MDTC chelates of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) was realized on a C18 column with the use of acetonitrile-water (70:30) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.
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18724675 Wang P, Guo S, Jing T, Hu X, Lin Y, Luo J, Song Q, Zhou Y, Mei S: [Determination of Sudan Red dyes in eggs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and matrix solid-phase dispersion technique]. Se Pu. 2008 May;26(3):353-7.

The target analytes in eggs such as hen eggs, duck eggs and preserved eggs, were extracted by solid-phase dispersion technique with a mixture of chloroform-acetonitrile (9: 1, v/v).
The chromatographic separation was achieved on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column.
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17373466 Potter RA, Burns BG, van de Riet JM, North DH, Darvesh R: Simultaneous determination of 17 sulfonamides and the potentiators ormetoprim and trimethoprim in salmon muscle by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. J AOAC Int. 2007 Jan-Feb;90(1):343-8.

The analytes were partitioned into chloroform and evaporated to dryness.
The redissolved residue was applied to a C18 reversed-phase column with a water-acetonitrile (0.1% acetic acid) gradient.
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17474530 Di Sabatino M, Di Pietra AM, Benfenati L, Di Simone B: Determination of 10 sulfonamide residues in meat samples by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J AOAC Int. 2007 Mar-Apr;90(2):598-603.

The residues were extracted with acetone-chloroform (1 + 1).
The solution was dried, reconstituted with 5 mL methanol and filtered before analysis by LC-ultraviolet using a C18 column with a mobile phase gradient of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, and methanol-acetonitrile (30 + 70, v/v).
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20175921 Wengier DL, Mazzella MA, Salem TM, McCormick S, Muschietti JP: STIL, a peculiar molecule from styles, specifically dephosphorylates the pollen receptor kinase LePRK2 and stimulates pollen tube growth in vitro. BMC Plant Biol. 2010 Feb 22;10:33.

Using LePRK2 phosphorylation as a tracking assay for purification, style exudates were subjected to chloroform extraction, anionic exchange, and C18 reverse-phase chromatography columns.
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19714988 de Carvalho PH, Prata Vde M, Alves PB, Navickiene S: Determination of six pesticides in the medicinal herb Cordia salicifolia by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int. 2009 Jul-Aug;92(4):1184-9.

Different parameters of the method were evaluated, such as type of solid phase (C18, alumina, silica gel, and Florisil) and the amount of solid phase and eluent (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and cyclohexane).
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17702398 Xiang Y, Li YB, Zhang J, Li P, Yao YZ: A new alkaloid from Salsola collina. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2007 Jun;42(6):618-20.

The chloroform and n-butanol fractions were treated by various chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel, C18 reversed-phase silica gel and macroporous resin column chromatography.
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18551504 Peccinini RG, Ximenes VF, Cesarino EJ, Lanchote VL: Stereoselective analysis of carvedilol in human plasma and urine using HPLC after chiral derivatization. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2008 Jul;29(5):280-8.

Chloroform was used for extraction, and analysis was performed by HPLC on a C18 column with a fluorescence detector.
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20209949 Zou C, Yan H, Fang H: [Chromatographic fingerprint peak matching of Semen Cassiae by asymptotic window orthoganality projection analytical method]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009 Nov;34(22):2876-9.

METHOD: The samples of Semen Cassiae were hydrolyzed in the 1.5 mol x L (-1) hydrochloride acid and then reflux extracted with chloroform.
The chromatographic condition was that the HPLC was run on Agilent 1100 column, Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm).
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18338600 Zhao DH, Qu L, Wang X, Li XM, Xu JY, Cai SQ: [Studies on solid phase extraction method of aristolochic acids and aristololactams in rat urine]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2007 Dec;32(24):2613-9.

METHOD: The HPLC peak area of AA-I , AA-II, AL-I and AL-II, and other sixteen AAs and ALs was chosen as evaluating index to study the extract results of five Solid Phase Extraction columns (Agilent C18/100 mg, Alltech HG18/100 mg, Alltech C18/100 mg, Alltech C18/300 mg and Agilent Phenyl/200 mg) comparatively.
The influences of two washing solvents (water and 1% acetic acid-0.02% triethylamine solution) and seven eluting solvents (ether, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, methanol and acetonitrile) on extract results of AAs and ALs are comparatively studied with the extracting recoveries of AA-I , AA-II, AL-I and AL-II as indicators.
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19714972 Zhang Y, Xie J, Chen WQ, Zhou TY, Lu W: Development of a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with simple extraction for simultaneous determination of huperzine A and huperzine B in the species containing lycopodium alkaloids. J AOAC Int. 2009 Jul-Aug;92(4):1060-3.

In order to avoid conventional multiple-step and time-consuming sample preparation methods, direct reflux extraction with alkaline chloroform was adopted.
Separation was performed on a Luna C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm id, 5 microm) with methanol-0.2% aqueous acetic acid (18 + 82, v/v) mobile phase.
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17492660 Srivastava NK, Pradhan S, Mittal B, Kumar R, Pandey CM, Gowda GA: Novel corrective equations for complete estimation of human tissue lipids after their partial destruction by perchloric acid pre-treatment: high-resolution (1) H-NMR-based study. NMR Biomed. 2008 Feb;21(2):89-100.

In this study, human muscle tissue was first treated with PCA to extract aqueous metabolites, and the residue was then used for lipid extraction by conventional methods, i.e. the methods of Folch and Bligh & Dyer and a standardised one using methanol/chloroform (1:3, v/v) used in our laboratory.
Triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) were quantified using the -CH (2)- signals of glycerol and the C18 methyl signal, respectively.
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19071595 Wall R, McMahon G, Crown J, Clynes M, O'Connor R: Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitation of epirubicin and identification of metabolites in biological samples. Talanta. 2007 Apr 15;72(1):145-54. Epub 2006 Nov 20.

Following extraction, chromatography was performed on a C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of water-acetonitrile-formic acid, pH 3.2, with a flow rate of 200mul/min.
For the extraction procedure, an aliquot of 500mul serum, spiked with internal standard, was extracted using a chloroform-2-isopropanol (2:1, v/v) mixture.
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19266550 Atia NN, York P, Clark BJ: Development and validation of a rapid and efficient method for simultaneous determination of methylxanthines and their metabolites in urine using monolithic HPLC columns. J Sep Sci. 2009 Apr;32(7):931-8.

This method has advantages over other methods using conventional C18 packings.
On extraction of the drugs and metabolites from the urine samples high recoveries were achieved ranging from 82.06 to 98.34% w/w on RP18 cartridges and methanol/chloroform (20:80 v/v) as the extraction solvent.
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20044316 Zhang X, Duan J, Zhai S, Yang Y, Yang L: Performance of tiloronoxim and tilorone determination in human blood by HPLC-MS/MS: method validation, uncertainty assessment and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010 Feb 1;878(3-4):492-6. Epub 2009 Dec 21.

An aliquot of 200 microl human blood was extracted with a mixture of chloroform/ethyl ether (1/2, v/v), using metoprolol as the internal standard (the IS).
Separation was achieved on an Xterra MS C18 column (50 mm x 2.1 mm, 5 microm) with a gradient mobile phase of methanol/water containing 15 mM ammonium bicarbonate (pH 10.5).
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18321053 Battu RS, Singh B, Kooner R, Singh B: Simple and efficient method for the estimation of residues of flubendiamide and its metabolite desiodo flubendiamide. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Apr 9;56(7):2299-302. Epub 2008 Mar 6.

The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, diluted with brine solution, and partitioned into chloroform, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and treated with 500 mg of activated charcoal powder.
Final clear extracts were concentrated under vacuum and reconstituted into HPLC grade acetonitrile, and residues were estimated using HPLC equipped with a UV detector at 230 lambda and a C18 column.
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18479880 Zhang L, Liu W, Zhang R, Wang Z, Shen Z, Chen X, Bi K: Pharmacokinetic study of matrine, oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine in rat plasma after oral administration of Sophora flavescens Ait. extract by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2008 Aug 5;47(4-5):892-8. Epub 2008 Mar 27.

The three analytes were extracted from the plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform.
The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Kromasil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm).
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18451570 Yamada K, Tanabe K, Miyamoto T, Kusumoto T, Inagaki M, Higuchi R: Isolation and structure of a monomethylated ganglioside possessing neuritogenic activity from the ovary of the sea urchin Diadema setosum. Chem Pharm Bull. 2008 May;56(5):734-7.

A new monomethylated ganglioside, DSG-A (3), was obtained, together with four known gangliosides, compounds (1, 2, 4, 5), from the lipid fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the ovary of the sea urchin Diadema setosum.
The ceramide moiety of 3 was composed of C18-phytosphingosine base, and 2-hydroxy and nonhydroxylated fatty acid units.
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18257306 Wang Q, Shi P, Zhang S, Shen J, Fu X: [Simultaneous determination of canthaxanthin and Sudan Red in salted duck egg yolk by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography]. Se Pu. 2007 Nov;25(6):864-6.

These canthaxanthin and Sudan Red dyes were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile, methanol, and chloroform (1 : 0.5 : 0.5, v/v).
The canthaxanthin and Sudan Red dyes were separated on a XDB-C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm), with acetonitrile-water (95:5, v/v) as mobile phase.
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18479039 Sun YY, Wang CH, Chen J: [Purification of growth-inhibitor formed by Isochrysis galbana] . Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2008 Feb;28(2):430-5.

And then the extracts were concentrated to the befitting volume under reduced pressure at 40 degrees C, and were separated by preparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel with chloroform.
The selected optimum chromatographic conditions were ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C18 with aqueous acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL x min (-1), and UV detection at 235 nm.
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18254144 Xiao Y, Zhang YH, Sheng YX, Zhang JL: LC-MS determination and pharmacokinetic studies of paeonol in rat plasma after administration of different compatibility of Su-Xiao-Xin-Tong prescriptions. Biomed Chromatogr. 2008 May;22(5):527-34.

Paeonol and internal standard were isolated from plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform.
The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Zorbax-SB C18 column (100x2.1 mm, 3.5 microm).
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18760977 Sarkar AK, Ghosh D, Das A, Selvan PS, Gowda KV, Mandal U, Bose A, Agarwal S, Bhaumik U, Pal TK: Simultaneous determination of metoprolol succinate and amlodipine besylate in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method and its application in bioequivalence study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008 Sep 15;873(1):77-85. Epub 2008 Aug 5.

Both the drugs were extracted by simple liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform.
The chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase peerless basic C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-water containing 0.5% formic acid (8:2, v/v).
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17702193 Li XL, Li BY, Ni MY, Wang BJ, Guo RC: An improved HPLC method for determination of nifuratel in human plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics studies. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2007 Apr-Jun;32(2):69-73.

The analytical technique was based on a single extraction of the drug from the plasma with chloroform, using ornidazole as internal standard (IS).
The chromatographic system consisted of a 5-microm 4.6 mmX250 mm C18 analytical column and the mobile phase consisted of methanol and purified water (45:55, v/v).
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17723577 Garcia-Villar N, Saurina J, Hernandez-Cassou S: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of biogenic amines in wines with an experimental design optimization procedure. Anal Chim Acta. 2006 Aug 4;575(1):97-105. Epub 2006 May 27.

It involves pre-column labeling of the analytes with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (NQS) and liquid-liquid extraction of derivatives with chloroform for analyte preconcentration and sample clean-up.
A linear gradient elution consisting of a mixture of 2% of acetic acid aqueous solution and methanol is used to separate the amine derivatives in a C18 column.
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