Protein Information

Name Tyrosinase
Synonyms LB24 AB; Monophenol monooxygenase; OCA1A; OCAIA; SK29 AB; TYR; TYR protein; Tumor rejection antigen AB…

Compound Information

Name cresol
CAS methylphenol

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11745160 Wu LQ, Chen T, Wallace KK, Vazquez-Duhalt R, Payne GF: Enzymatic coupling of phenol vapors onto chitosan. . Biotechnol Bioeng. 2001 Dec;76(4):325-32.

Third, pressure measurements indicate that tyrosinase-coated chitosan films only react with cresol vapors if the oxygen cosubstrate is present.
91(1,1,2,6) Details
12644231 Zarivi O, Bonfigli A, Cesare P, Amicarelli F, Pacioni G, Miranda M: Truffle thio-flavours reversibly inhibit truffle tyrosinase. . FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003 Mar 14;220(1):81-8.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
16621510 Zhou YL, Tian RH, Zhi JF: Amperometric biosensor based on tyrosinase immobilized on a boron-doped diamond electrode. Biosens Bioelectron. 2007 Jan 15;22(6):822-8. Epub 2006 Apr 18.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
19230793 Zhao J, Wu D, Zhi J: A novel tyrosinase biosensor based on biofunctional ZnO nanorod microarrays on the nanocrystalline diamond electrode for detection of phenolic compounds. Bioelectrochemistry. 2009 Apr;75(1):44-9. Epub 2009 Feb 3.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
18601209 Payne GF, Sun WQ, Sohrabi A: Tyrosinase reaction/chitosan adsorption for selectively removing phenols from aqueous mixtures. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1992 Nov;40(9):1011-8.

Our model solutes, of molecular formula C (7) H (8) O, were the phenol, cresol; the alkyl aryl ether, anisol; and the alcohol, benzyl alcohol.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
12392951 Chang SC, Rawson K, McNeil CJ: Disposable tyrosinase-peroxidase bi-enzyme sensor for amperometric detection of phenols. Biosens Bioelectron. 2002 Dec;17(11-12):1015-23.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
19745534 Zhao J, Zhi J, Zhou Y, Yan W: A tyrosinase biosensor based on ZnO nanorod clusters/nanocrystalline diamond electrodes for biosensing of phenolic compounds. Anal Sci. 2009 Sep;25(9):1083-8.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
18613133 Wada S, Ichikawa H, Tatsumi K: Removal of phenols from wastewater by soluble and immobilized tyrosinase. . Biotechnol Bioeng. 1993 Sep 20;42(7):854-8.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
15932262 Yamada K, Akiba Y, Shibuya T, Kashiwada A, Matsuda K, Hirata M: Water purification through bioconversion of phenol compounds by tyrosinase and chemical adsorption by chitosan beads. Biotechnol Prog. 2005 May-Jun;21(3):823-9.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
17723784 Girelli AM, Mattei E, Messina A: Phenols removal by immobilized tyrosinase reactor in on-line high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta. 2006 Nov 24;580(2):271-7. Epub 2006 Aug 12.

The observed sequence: cresol > 4-methylcathecol > catechol > 4-Cl-phenol phenol was in accordance to the V'max/K'm values.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
7765181 Yokoi H, Belfort G: High-rate membrane supported aqueous-phase enzymatic conversion in organic solvent. Bioseparation. 1994 Jun;4(3):213-20.


To test the concept, a model reaction was chosen involving the oxidation of p-cresol by tyrosinase.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16237545 Li N, Xue MH, Yao H, Zhu JJ: Reagentless biosensor for phenolic compounds based on tyrosinase entrapped within gelatine film. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2005 Dec;383(7-8):1127-32. Epub 2005 Oct 20.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
10952527 Zhang J, Wang B, Xu B, Cheng G, Dong S: Amperometric quantification of polar organic solvents based on a tyrosinase biosensor. Anal Chem. 2000 Aug 1;72(15):3455-60.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
19833500 Dong W, Dong C, Shuang S, Choi MM: Near-infrared luminescence quenching method for the detection of phenolic compounds using N-acetyl-l-cysteine-protected gold nanoparticles-tyrosinase hybrid material. Biosens Bioelectron. 2009 Sep 26.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
18970803 Abdullah J, Ahmad M, Heng LY, Karuppiah N, Sidek H: Chitosan-based tyrosinase optical phenol biosensor employing hybrid nafion/sol-gel silicate for MBTH immobilization. Talanta. 2006 Oct 15;70(3):527-32. Epub 2006 Feb 17.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
11219753 Wang B, Zhang J, Dong S: Silica sol-gel composite film as an encapsulation matrix for the construction of an amperometric tyrosinase-based biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 2000 Oct;15(7-8):397-402.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
3111538 Garcia-Carmona F, Cabanes J, Garcia-Canovas F: Enzymatic oxidation by frog epidermis tyrosinase of 4-methylcatechol and p-cresol. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Aug 5;914(2):198-204.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
18188544 Kochana J, Gala A, Parczewski A, Adamski J: Titania sol-gel-derived tyrosinase-based amperometric biosensor for determination of phenolic compounds in water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2008 Jun;391(4):1275-81. Epub 2008 Jan 10.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18969806 Solna R, Sapelnikova S, Skladal P, Winther-Nielsen M, Carlsson C, Emneus J, Ruzgas T: Multienzyme electrochemical array sensor for determination of phenols and pesticides. Talanta. 2005 Jan 30;65(2):349-57.


The screen-printed four-electrode system was used as the amperometric transducer for determination of phenols and pesticides using immobilised tyrosinase, peroxidase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7856838 Brown RS, Male KB, Luong JH: A substrate recycling assay for phenolic compounds using tyrosinase and NADH. Anal Biochem. 1994 Oct;222(1):131-9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
16806888 Hervas Perez JP, Sanchez-Paniagua Lopez M, Lopez-Cabarcos E, Lopez-Ruiz B: Amperometric tyrosinase biosensor based on polyacrylamide microgels. Biosens Bioelectron. 2006 Sep 15;22(3):429-39. Epub 2006 Jun 23.

The useful lifetime of the biosensor was 27 days and it was useful to determine monophenolics compounds (e.g. cresol, chlorophenol) and diphenolics compounds (e.g. catechol and dopamine) by amperometric measurements at -100mV (versus SCE) in a batch system.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11763068 Campanella L, De Santis G, Favero G, Sammartino MP, Tomassetti M: Two OPEEs (organic phase enzyme electrodes) used to check the percentage water content in hydrophobic foods and drugs. Analyst. 2001 Nov;126(11):1923-8.


The enzymes used to assemble the biosensors were tyrosinase or catalase, the substrates were phenol or p-cresol and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, respectively, and the organic solvents were acetonitrile or dioxane.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16719449 Morioka C, Tachi Y, Suzuki S, Itoh S: Significant enhancement of monooxygenase activity of oxygen carrier protein hemocyanin by urea. J Am Chem Soc. 2006 May 31;128(21):6788-9.


Preliminary kinetic studies have indicated that the reaction involves an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism as in the case of phenolase reaction of tyrosinase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18976900 Zhang J, Lei J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Ju H: Highly sensitive amperometric biosensors for phenols based on polyaniline-ionic liquid-carbon nanofiber composite. Biosens Bioelectron. 2009 Mar 15;24(7):1858-63. Epub 2008 Sep 21.


A phenol biosensor was constructed by immobilizing tyrosinase on the surface of the composite modified glassy carbon electrode via the cross-linking step with glutaraldehyde.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15626626 Gutes A, Cespedes F, Alegret S, del Valle M: Determination of phenolic compounds by a polyphenol oxidase amperometric biosensor and artificial neural network analysis. Biosens Bioelectron. 2005 Feb 15;20(8):1668-73.


Direct oxidation of phenols can be used, but another possibility is the use of polyphenol oxidase (tyrosinase) enzyme biosensors that oxidises the phenolic compounds into their corresponding quinones.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18553939 Suzuki K, Shimokawa C, Morioka C, Itoh S: Monooxygenase activity of Octopus vulgaris hemocyanin. Biochemistry. 2008 Jul 8;47(27):7108-15. Epub 2008 Jun 14.


Kinetic deuterium isotope effect analysis and Hammett analysis using a series of phenol derivatives under anaerobic conditions (single-turnover reaction) have indicated that the monooxygenation reaction of phenols to catechols by the peroxo species of oxyhemocyanin proceeds via electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism as in the case of tyrosinase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16814556 Wuyts N, De Waele D, Swennen R: Extraction and partial characterization of polyphenol oxidase from banana (Musa acuminata Grande naine) roots. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2006 May-Jun;44(5-6):308-14. Epub 2006 Jun 14.


Polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO, EC 1.14.18.1, monophenol monooxygenase, and EC 1.10.3.2, o-diphenoloxidase) has been extensively studied in banana fruit for its role in enzymatic browning.
1(0,0,0,1) Details