Protein Information

Name albumin
Synonyms ALB; Albumin; PRO0883; PRO0903; PRO1341; PRO1708; PRO2044; PRO2619…

Compound Information

Name MAA
CAS methylarsonic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
4076232 Cranage R, Palmer M: Breast-milk radioactivity after 99mTc-MAA lung studies. Eur J Nucl Med. 1985;11(6-7):257-9.

The concentration of radioactivity in the breast milk of four nursing mothers who had received injections of 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was measured.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
6491704 Kaplan WD, Come SE, Takvorian RW, Laffin SM, Gelman RS, Weiss GR, Garnick MB: Pulmonary uptake of technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin: a predictor of gastrointestinal toxicity during hepatic artery perfusion. J Clin Oncol. 1984 Nov;2(11):1266-9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
12036842 McCauley E, Mackie A: Breast milk activity during early lactation following maternal 99Tcm macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan. Br J Radiol. 2002 May;75(893):464-6.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
8905824 Watanabe N, Shirakami Y, Tomiyoshi K, Oriuchi N, Hirano T, Yukihiro M, Inoue T, Endo K: Indirect labeling of macroaggregated albumin with indium-111 via diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Nucl Med Biol. 1996 Jul;23(5):595-8.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
8985034 Order SE, Siegel JA, Principato R, Zeiger LE, Johnson E, Lang P, Lustig R, Wallner PE: Selective tumor irradiation by infusional brachytherapy in nonresectable pancreatic cancer: a phase I study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996 Dec 1;36(5):1117-26.


METHODS AND MATERIALS: The development of interstitial tumor infusion of macroaggregated albumin (MAA) followed by colloidal chromic phosphate 32P has overcome solid tumor obstacles in 47 patients with nonresectable pancreatic cancer in a Phase I dose escalation study.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15503653 Farooki A, Narra V, Brown J: Gadofosveset (EPIX/Schering). Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2004 Sep;5(9):967-76.

EPIX Medical and Schering are developing gadofosveset, an albumin-binding gadolinium-based intravascular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, for the potential imaging of blood vessels and blood flow, particularly in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD).
By February 2004, US approval of the agent was anticipated in October 2004, and in June 2004, Schering filed an MAA in the EU for PVD.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3665319 Algeo JH Jr, Powell M, Couacaud J: Leveen shunt visualization without function using technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin. Clin Nucl Med. 1987 Sep;12(9):741-3.

Nonfunction of a Leveen shunt was diagnosed in a 53-year-old cirrhotic woman by lack of lung visualization following intraperitoneal administration of Tc-99m MAA, despite imaging of the shunt tubing itself.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3172794 Lehner B, Kretzschmar U, Bubeck B, Holting T, Schlag P: Results of liver angiography and perfusion scintigraphy do not correlate with response to hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol. 1988 Oct;39(2):73-8.


Liver angiography and liver perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) were performed in 36 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer prior to continuous 5-fluorouracil hepatic artery infusion (HAI) hemotherapy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2743694 Kolla I, Luna E, Alazraki N: Hepatic localization of Tc-99m MAA during lower extremity venography. Clin Nucl Med. 1989 Jun;14(6):433-5.

Hepatic localization of macroaggregated albumin particles has been observed previously in both superior and inferior vena cava obstruction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15197501 Suga K, Kawakami Y, Zaki M, Yamashita T, Shimizu K, Matsunaga N: Clinical utility of co-registered respiratory-gated ( 99m) Tc-Technegas/MAA SPECT-CT images in the assessment of regional lung functional impairment in patients with lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004 Sep;31(9):1280-90. Epub 2004 Jun 10.


METHODS: Twenty untreated and three radiotherapy-treated patients with lung cancer underwent gated ( 99m) Tc-Technegas/macroaggregated albumin (MAA) SPECT, using a triple-headed SPECT unit and a respiratory synchroniser.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7944422 Itano S, Hirai K, Kajiwara M, Ijuin H, Yoshiyama Y, Yoshida T, Sakata K, Ono N, Noguchi H, Sakai T, et al.: [A study of the drug distribution on intra-hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy; how much difference between continuous infusion and rapid infusion?]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1994 Sep;21(13):2136-9.


We evaluated the difference in drug distribution between intra-hepatic arterial continuous infusion and rapid infusion using hepatic perfusion scintigraphy by 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin via reservoirs.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16323392 Wang YW, Lin HC: Recent advances in hepatopulmonary syndrome. . J Chin Med Assoc. 2005 Nov;68(11):500-5.


Contrast-enhanced echocardiography is the preferred screening test. 99mTechnetium macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m MAA) lung perfusion scan can further specify the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome and quantify the magnitude of shunting.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3042239 Trombley BA, Marcus CS, Koci T: Unexpected demonstration of superior vena caval obstruction in third trimester lung imaging. Clin Nucl Med. 1988 Jun;13(6):407-9.

A large focus of liver activity was seen after the injection of Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) in a pregnant patient thought to have pulmonary embolism (PE).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
9061708 Mallol J, Diaz RV: Particle size and its mathematical distribution in six human albumin macroaggregate (MAA) kits. Nucl Med Commun. 1997 Jan;18(1):87-8.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
15149784 Harcourt JL, Anderson LJ, Sullender W, Tripp RA: Pulmonary delivery of respiratory syncytial virus DNA vaccines using macroaggregated albumin particles. Vaccine. 2004 Jun 2;22(17-18):2248-60.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
10665249 Hung JC, Redfern MG, Mahoney DW, Thorson LM, Wiseman GA: Evaluation of macroaggregated albumin particle sizes for use in pulmonary shunt patient studies. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2000 Jan-Feb;40(1):46-51.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
10901453 Pelosi E, Masaneo I, Clara R, Valetto MR, Bello M, Zanon C, Chiappino I, Grosso M, Mussa A, Bisi G: Technetium-99m labelled macroaggregated albumin arterial catheter perfusion scintigraphy: prediction of gastrointestinal toxicity in hepatic arterial chemotherapy. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000 Jun;27(6):668-75.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
9540905 Habbe TG, McCowan TC, Goertzen TC, Leveen RF, Culp WC, Tempero MA: Complications and technical limitations of hepatic arterial infusion catheter placement for chemotherapy. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1998 Mar-Apr;9(2):233-9.


Chemoinfusion lasted 4 days, with initial catheter placement assessed on technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) perfusion scans, as well as daily abdominal radiographs.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7884518 Wallis JW, Miller TR, Koppel P: Attenuation correction in cardiac SPECT without a transmission measurement. J Nucl Med. 1995 Mar;36(3):506-12.


METHODS: After the standard 201Tl or 99mTc-sestamibi delayed images were obtained, 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was injected and dual-energy SPECT acquisition was performed with windows centered at 140 keV and 94 keV.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8601711 Lewis CA, Farr SJ, Broadley KJ: Development of a method for monitoring the migration of 111In-labeled eosinophils and neutrophils to the lungs of anaesthetized guinea pigs by gamma scintigraphy and bronchoalveolar lavage. J Immunol Methods. 1996 Mar 28;190(1):51-60.


The method is based on the ability to use 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) to create a pulmonary perfusion image as a template for the lungs of individual guinea pigs which can be superimposed on to the image produced by the 111In-labelled leukocytes injected into the same animal.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8074957 Miyazaki C: Intra-arterial infusion of N-isopropyl-p [123I] iodoamphetamine for assessing effective blood supply to pulmonary and hepatic neoplasms. Ann Nucl Med. 1994 May;8(2):115-23.


The biodistribution of 123I-IMP was also compared to that of 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) in 9 cases of hepatic cancer.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7591903 Leung TW, Lau WY, Ho SK, Ward SC, Chow JH, Chan MS, Metreweli C, Johnson PJ, Li AK: Radiation pneumonitis after selective internal radiation treatment with intraarterial 90yttrium-microspheres for inoperable hepatic tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995 Nov 1;33(4):919-24.


To correlate the development of radiation pneumonitis with the degree of lung shunting as assessed by 99mTechnetium-labeled macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) scan.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9367315 Mariani L, Haldemann AR, Schroth G: Arteriovenous shunt measurement during endovascular therapy for cerebrospinal lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997 Oct;18(9):1679-89.


PURPOSE: To determine (a) whether superselective angioscintigraphy with technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) can be used for the evaluation of arteriovenous shunting in tumors and vascular malformations of the head and spine and (b) whether the amount of microparticles shunted is related to diagnosis, lesion size, or angiographic pattern.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2736844 Shijo H, Hisano S, Sasaki H, Yuh K, Kusuhara H, Sakaguchi S, Okumura M, Sakata H: Detection of pulmonary telangiectasia using dynamic pulmonary perfusion imaging in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Nucl Med. 1989 Mar;14(3):179-82.


Pulmonary perfusion imaging with Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) revealed a significant radioisotope uptake in the lungs, brain, spleen, and both kidneys.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7913658 Ramirez LH, Munck JN, Zhao Z, Bognel C, Ricard M, Ardouin P, Rougier P, Gouyette A: Verapamil-reversing concentrations induce blood flow changes that could counteract in vivo the MDR-1-modulating effects. Cancer. 1994 Aug 1;74(3):810-6.


Hepatic blood flow changes were studied by the administration of 99mTc-albumin macroaggregates (99mTc-MAA) under verapamil IAH perfusions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8693957 Takahashi N, Nishimura S, Kawaguchi T: Intra-arterial chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer. . Hinyokika Kiyo. 1996 Apr;42(4):263-8.


These pathological findings corresponded with those obtained by dynamic single photon emission computed tomography (D-SPECT) using 99mTC-macroaggregate albumin (99mTC-MAA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19345589 Louie JD, Kothary N, Kuo WT, Hwang GL, Hofmann LV, Goris ML, Iagaru AH, Sze DY: Incorporating cone-beam CT into the treatment planning for yttrium-90 radioembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 May;20(5):606-13. Epub 2009 Apr 5.


PURPOSE: To prepare for yttrium-90 ((90) Y) microsphere radioembolization therapy, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and technetium- 99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin ((99m) Tc MAA) scintigraphy are used for treatment planning and detection of potential nontarget embolization.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9406715 Lee I, Wallner PE: Evaluation of cellular uptake, tumor retention, radiation response, and tumor pathophysiology in experimental solid tumors after an intratumoral infusion of colloidal 32P. Cancer. 1997 Dec 15;80(12 Suppl):2611-7.


BACKGROUND: Order et al. successfully deposited > 85% of radionuclides in pancreatic carcinoma patients using an intratumoral (i. t.) infusion of macroaggregated albumin (MAA) prior to the i. t. infusion of colloidal 32P (32P-CP), apparently due to MAA-induced transient blockade.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15064336 Salem R, Lewandowski R, Roberts C, Goin J, Thurston K, Abouljoud M, Courtney A: Use of Yttrium-90 glass microspheres (TheraSphere) for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with portal vein thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004 Apr;15(4):335-45.


All patients had pretreatment evaluation including: computed tomography (CT) imaging, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, liver function tests, technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin ((99) Tc-MAA) scan for evaluation of lung and visceral shunting, and angiography with visualization into the portal venous phase. (90) Y- micro S dose was based on lobar hepatic volume with adjustment for lung shunt activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14508274 Suga K, Ogasawara N, Matsunaga N, Sugio Y, Shimizu R: Reversed intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt after banding of the patent ductus venosus. Clin Nucl Med. 2003 Oct;28(10):827-33.

Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy with total-body imaging demonstrated multiple lung perfusion deficits and abnormal tracer uptake in systemic organs with hepatic radioactivity greater than the kidneys, suggesting the presence of right-to-left shunt and abnormal hepatic hemodynamics.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8358350 Fukuoka M, Kobayashi T, Satoh T, Tanaka A, Kubodera A: Studies of quality control of 99mTc-labelled macroaggregated albumin--Part 1. Nucl Med Biol. 1993 Jul;20(5):643-8.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
6227565 Al-Janabi MA, Yousif ZM, Kadim AH, Al-Salem AM: A new technique for the preparation of ready-to-use macroaggregated albumin (MAA) kits to be labelled with 99mTc for lung scanning. Int J Appl Radiat Isot. 1983 Oct;34(10):1473-8.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
3828954 Ridge JA, Bading JR, Gelbard AS, Benua RS, Daly JM: Perfusion of colorectal hepatic metastases. Cancer. 1987 May 1;59(9):1547-53.


Data collected from the liver for 10 minutes after rapid bolus injection of 13N L-glutamate, L-glutamine, or ammonia were compared with 99mTc (technetium) macroaggregated albumin (MAA) images produced after injection through the hepatic artery or portal vein at the same session.
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15963921 Watanabe M, Ebina M, Orson FM, Nakamura A, Kubota K, Koinuma D, Akiyama K, Maemondo M, Okouchi S, Tahara M, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Nukiwa T: Hepatocyte growth factor gene transfer to alveolar septa for effective suppression of lung fibrosis. Mol Ther. 2005 Jul;12(1):58-67.


We examined therapeutic gene transfer of human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) to alveolar septa in mouse bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis using macroaggregated albumin-polyethylenimine complex (MAA-PEI).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8396905 Itano S, Hirai K, Yoshida T, Kajiwara M, Ijuin H, Ban S, Sakata K, Ono N, Noguchi H, Sakai T, et al.: [Complication of gastro-duodenum with intra-hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir system for hepatic tumors]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1993 Aug;20(11):1512-5.


We evaluated the correlation between a complication of the gastro-duodenum after intra-hepatic arterial chemotherapy and a gastro-duodenal distribution of anti-cancer drugs using the hepatic perfusion scintigram by 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin via reservoirs.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3628716 Kwock L, Davenport WC, Clark RL, Zarembra J, Lingle B, Chaney EL, Friedman M: The effects of ionizing radiation on the pulmonary vasculature of intact rats and isolated pulmonary endothelium. Radiat Res. 1987 Aug;111(2):276-91.


An acute 30-Gy dose delivered resulted in a 70% decrease in pulmonary arterial perfusion, using technetium-99m microaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA), in the irradiated lung by 2-3 weeks after irradiation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2506822 Koike S, Fujimoto S, Guhji M, Shrestha RD, Kokubun M, Kobayashi K, Kiuchi S, Konno C, Okui K: [Effect of degradable starch microspheres (DSM) on hepatic hemodynamics] . Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1989 Aug;16(8 Pt 2):2818-21.


RI-angiography using 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was performed to measure hemodynamic changes in the liver.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3392586 Morris TA, Thompson BT, Quinn DA, McKusick KA, Callahan R, Hales CA: Diffusing capacity is not measurably affected by routine lung perfusion scanning. J Nucl Med. 1988 Jul;29(7):1268-71.


Lung scanning with radiolabeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) has caused cardiovascular collapse and death in patients with extensive pulmonary vascular disease.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1877836 Yasuda S, Noto T, Ikeda M, Mukai M, Horie O, Ishida H, Kubo H, Nakazaki H, Tajima T, Mitomi T, et al.: [Significance of radionuclide examination in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1991 Aug;18(11):1940-3.


Technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) perfusion scintigraphy has been performed during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3806220 Zwas ST, Katz I, Belfer B, Baum GL, Aharonson E: Scintigraphic monitoring of mucociliary tracheo-bronchial clearance of technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin aerosol. J Nucl Med. 1987 Feb;28(2):161-7.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
8633451 McAdams HP, Erasmus J, Crockett R, Mitchell J, Godwin JD, McDermott VG: The hepatopulmonary syndrome: radiologic findings in 10 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996 Jun;166(6):1379-85.


MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records, chest radiographs, 99m Tc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) perfusion lung scans, chest CT scans, and pulmonary angiograms of 10 patients with proven hepatopulmonary syndrome.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3902390 Salimi Z, Thomasson J, Vas W, Salimi A: Detection of right-to-left shunt with radionuclide angiocardiography in refractory hypoxemia. Chest. 1985 Nov;88(5):784-6.

It is concluded that radionuclide angiocardiography with technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin (99mTc MAA), followed immediately by a perfusion lung scan, may have a place in the evaluation of patients with refractory hypoxemia, since pulmonary embolism and/or right-to-left shunting are two of several causes of hypoxemia in the absence of congenital heart disease.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2951882 Ridge JA, Sigurdson ER, Daly JM: Distribution of fluorodeoxyuridine uptake in the liver and colorectal hepatic metastases of human beings after arterial infusion. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1987 Apr;164(4):319-23.


To evaluate hepatic drug distribution in patients with metastases to the liver and colon and rectum (6-3H) 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) and 99m-technetium (TC) macroaggregated albumin (MAA) were infused through the hepatic artery prior to lobectomy of the right hepatic lobe in three patients and before wedge resection of a metastasis in one patient.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17160161 Zanglis A, Andreopoulos D, Dima M, Sidiropoulou A, Baziotis N: A large intra-atrial thrombus detected during a lung perfusion scan with technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin injected through the subclavian venous line. Hell J Nucl Med. 2006 Sep-Dec;9(3):184-6.

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11856569 Zeidel A, Melloul MM, Maiburd E, Dicker D, Beilin B: Tc99m macroaggregated albumin cisternography for the detection of persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in an animal model. J Neurosci Methods. 2002 Mar 15;114(2):181-3.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
10628567 Watanabe N, Oriuchi N, Endo K, Inoue T, Tanada S, Murata H, Sasaki Y: Yttrium-90-labeled human macroaggregated albumin for internal radiotherapy: combined use with DTPA. Nucl Med Biol. 1999 Oct;26(7):847-51.

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8377302 Honda N, Machida K, Mamiya T, Takahashi T, Kamano T, Kashimada A, Inoue Y, Osada H, Ban R: [Dual-energy data acquisition for simultaneous 81mKr ventilation/99mTc-MAA perfusion SPECT: ventilation/perfusion ratio mapping in cross section]. Kaku Igaku. 1993 Jul;30(7):789-94.


V/Q SPECT was undertaken in 7 of the 9 patients. 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (185 MBq) was injected intravenously in supine position, and 81mKr gas was administered continuously during the SPECT data acquisition.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9308954 Nguyen H, Ghanem G, Morandini R, Verbist A, Larsimont D, Fallais C, Fruhling J, Van Houtte P: Tumor type and vascularity: important variables in infusional brachytherapy with colloidal 32P. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997 Sep 1;39(2):481-7.


After intratumoral injection of macroaggregated albumin (MAA), followed by 50 microCi of colloidal 32P, Bremsstrahlung imaging performed at 6 and 24 h showed that the activity remained in the HBL tumor while some of the radiocolloids leaked from the SCC1 tumor and was trapped in the reticuloendothelial system of the liver.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11192707 Sun SS, Hsieh JF, Tsai SC, Ho YJ, Kao CH: The role of rhinoscintigraphy in the evaluation of nasal mucociliary clearance function in patients with sinusitis. Nucl Med Commun. 2000 Nov;21(11):1029-32.


A single droplet of 99Tcm-labelled macroaggregated albumin (99Tcm-MAA) was deposited on the floor of the nasal meatus about 1 cm behind the mucocutaneous junction, and its course was followed with a gamma camera.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6525391 Castillo EJ, Koenig JL, Anderson JM, Lo J: Characterization of protein adsorption on soft contact lenses. Biomaterials. 1984 Nov;5(6):319-25.


ATR-FTIR and circular dichroism studies of albumin solutions reveal similar conformational changes to those experienced by the adsorbed protein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17327085 Zhang WH, Lu WX: [Clinical analysis of 23 cases of hepatopulmonary syndrome] . Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2006 Dec;29(12):821-3.


All the 23 cases were diagnosed by radionuclide lung perfusion scanning technetium-labled macroaggregated albumin particles ((99m) Tc-MAA) and the mean shunt ratio was 36.3%.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16105988 Duryee MJ, Freeman TL, Willis MS, Hunter CD, Hamilton BC 3rd, Suzuki H, Tuma DJ, Klassen LW, Thiele GM: Scavenger receptors on sinusoidal liver endothelial cells are involved in the uptake of aldehyde-modified proteins. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Nov;68(5):1423-30. Epub 2005 Aug 16.


In contrast, 125I-MAA-Alb was only partially inhibited with advanced glycosylated endproduct albumin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12813201 Dai ZK, Chen YW, Hsu JH, Huang MS, Chou SH, Wu JR: Correlation of pulmonary 99mTc-DTPA ventilation and 99mTc-MAA perfusion scans with pulmonary function tests in asymptomatic asthmatic children. Nucl Med Commun. 2003 Jul;24(7):819-24.


Our objective was to examine and correlate 99mTc-diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) ventilation and 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) perfusion (V/Q) lung scans with spirometry in asymptomatic asthmatic children.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8770282 Sundram FX: Clinical studies of alveolar-capillary permeability using technetium-99m DTPA aerosol. Ann Nucl Med. 1995 Nov;9(4):171-8.


Twenty-four patients with COPD had inhalation scans done with Tc-99m tin colloid radioaerosol, and these images were compared with the perfusion lung scans done with 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA); in general the perfusion images matched the defects noted in the inhalation scans.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8828259 Jan JS, Chiu CT, Lin FC, Sheen IS, Lin DY, Chen TC: Hypoxemia in a cirrhotic patient caused by hepatopulmonary syndrome: a case report. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1996 Jun;19(2):160-5.


Serial non-invasive diagnostic approaches, including two-dimensional contrast enhanced echocardiography and technetium-99m labeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) lung perfusion scanning, were performed and showed positive evidence of intrapulmonary shunting.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8770283 Kume N, Suga K, Uchisako H, Matsui M, Shimizu K, Matsunaga N: Abnormal extrapulmonary accumulation of 99mTc-MAA during lung perfusion scanning. Ann Nucl Med. 1995 Nov;9(4):179-84.


We present fourteen patients with an abnormal extrapulmonary accumulation on lung perfusion scintigraphy with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA), who were examined during the last decade.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6582312 Morgan AC Jr, Crane MM, Rossen RD: Measurement of a monoclonal antibody-defined, melanoma-associated antigen in human sera: correlation of circulating antigen levels with tumor burden. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Feb;72(2):243-9.


Molecular evaluation of the 100K MAA in serum indicated that the molecule associated with albumin in a strong, noncovalent manner.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10988181 Krowka MJ, Wiseman GA, Burnett OL, Spivey JR, Therneau T, Porayko MK, Wiesner RH: Hepatopulmonary syndrome: a prospective study of relationships between severity of liver disease, PaO (2) response to 100% oxygen, and brain uptake after (99m) Tc MAA lung scanning. Chest. 2000 Sep;118(3):615-24.


Abnormal extrapulmonary uptake of (99m) Tc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) after lung perfusion is common.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1389897 Suga K, Kaneko T, Nishigauchi K, Soejima K, Utsumi H, Yamada N: Demonstration of inguinal hernia by means of peritoneal 99mTc-MAA scintigraphy with a load produced by standing in a patient treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Ann Nucl Med. 1992 Aug;6(3):203-6.

Peritoneal scintigraphy with intraperitoneal instillation of 99mTc-Macroaggregated albumin followed by standing clearly demonstrated the connection.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16767956 Hussain R, Maseeh-uz-Zaman, Khan SA, Ahmad MN: Extra [corrected] pulmonary uptake of Tc-99m-MAA perfusion lung scan as a result of right to left intra cardiac shunt. J Pak Med Assoc. 2006 May;56(5):241-2.

Extra pulmonary accumulation of Tc-99m-macroaggregate of albumin (MAA) is rarely seen on perfusion lung scan, and has been reported in less than 4% of a study population of nearly 380 patients.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
17987790 Machado RH, Oliveira AC, Rocha AC, Landesmann MC, Martins FP, Lopes SA, Gutfilen B, da Fonseca LM: Radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL) and excision of breast lesions using technetium-99m-macroaggregate albumin and air injection control. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Sep;26(3):323-7.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19181271 Miroslavov AE, Gorshkov NI, Lumpov AL, Yalfimov AN, Suglobov DN, Ellis BL, Braddock R, Smith AM, Prescott MC, Lawson RS, Sharma HL: Evaluation of 99mTc (CO) 5I as a potential lung perfusion agent. Nucl Med Biol. 2009 Jan;36(1):73-9.


INTRODUCTION: The use of (99m) Tc-macroggregated albumin for lung perfusion imaging is well established in nuclear medicine.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9323264 Sando Y, Inoue T, Nagai R, Endo K: Ventilation/perfusion ratios and simultaneous dual-radionuclide single-photon emission tomography with krypton-81m and technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin. Eur J Nucl Med. 1997 Oct;24(10):1237-44.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
11195138 Cherng SC, Yang SP, Wang YF, Jen TK, Huang WS, Lo AR: Krypton-81m ventilation and technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin perfusion scintigraphy for detection of pulmonary embolism: the first experience in Taiwan. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2000 Dec;63(12):876-84.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
17574133 Ohno Y, Koyama H, Takenaka D, Nogami M, Kotani Y, Nishimura Y, Yoshimura M, Yoshikawa T, Sugimura K: Coregistered ventilation and perfusion SPECT using krypton-81m and Tc-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin with multislice CT utility for prediction of postoperative lung function in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Acad Radiol. 2007 Jul;14(7):830-8.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
6226767 Spicer KM, Gordon L: Extravasation from venous catheter: a serious complication potentially missed by lung imaging. J Nucl Med. 1983 Nov;24(11):1023-6.


Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m MAA), when injected through the central venous catheter (CVP), revealed mediastinal localization, whereas antecubital injections showed normal pulmonary perfusion.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10735975 Tagil K, Evander E, Wollmer P, Palmer J, Jonson B: Efficient lung scintigraphy. Clin Physiol. 2000 Mar;20(2):95-100.


Perfusion scintigraphy is performed in a standard fashion with 100 MBq of 99mTc-MAA (macro-aggregated albumin).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11829942 Liang L, Huang J, Yin X, Lu M, Rao G, Ren Z, Li D, Kuang M: [Hepatic arterial infusion of 32P-radionuclide microspheres for radiation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1999 Dec;37(12):743-6.


METHODS: Hepatic arterial (99) technetium-macroaggregate albumin ((99) Tc-MAA) scanning via subcutaneous arterial port was undertaken to measure lung/liver shunting ratio and tumor/liver ratio.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8585807 Gomez L, Jouany JP, Lefaivre J: Influence of lasalocid, cationomycin and feeding frequency on the postprandial kinetics of some plasma parameters in the rumen vein, portal vein and mesenteric artery of sheep. Arch Tierernahr. 1995;48(4):357-66.


A decrease in plasma albumin concentration (P < 0.05) was observed with L in MAA and with C in RVA and MAA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2943036 Sigurdson ER, Ridge JA, Daly JM: Fluorodeoxyuridine uptake by human colorectal hepatic metastases after hepatic artery infusion. Surgery. 1986 Aug;100(2):285-91.


In 16 patients with unresectable colorectal hepatic metastases, FUdR (1 microCi/kg) and 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) (6 mCi) were injected at a constant rate into the hepatic artery intraoperatively after insertion of a hepatic artery catheter.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1835591 Rougier P, Ducreux M, Pignon JP, Elias D, Tigaud JM, Lumbroso J, Ruffie P, Lasser PH: Prognostic factors in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma treated with discontinuous intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 1991;27(10):1226-30.


When individually analysed, four factors were found to significantly affect survival: presence of hepatomegaly (defined as palpable liver edge exceeding the right costal margin by more than 5 cm) (P = 0.006), percentage of hepatic replacement superior to 50% (P = 0.003), more than four metastases (P = 0.025) and hypovascularised metastases at radionuclide liver scan with 99m technetium-labelled macroaggregate albumin (MAA) (P = 0.04).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19372479 Hamami ME, Poeppel TD, Muller S, Heusner T, Bockisch A, Hilgard P, Antoch G: SPECT/CT with 99mTc-MAA in radioembolization with 90Y microspheres in patients with hepatocellular cancer. J Nucl Med. 2009 May;50(5):688-92. Epub 2009 Apr 16.


Generally, hepatic arteriography and (99m) Tc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) scanning are performed before selective internal radiation therapy to detect extrahepatic shunting to the lung or the gastrointestinal tract.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8558798 Isawa T: [Pulmonary nuclear medicine] . Kaku Igaku. 1995 Nov;32(11):1281-8.


They can be studied by using a nonabsorbable aerosol like 99mTc-albumin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11210092 Suzuki K, Kamata N, Inokuma S, Terada H, Yokoyanma Y, Abi K, Mochizuki T, Kobayashi T: Clinical significance of ventilation/perfusion scans in collagen disease patients. Ann Nucl Med. 2000 Dec;14(6):405-13.


METHODS: Ventilation/perfusion scans with 133Xe gas and 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) were performed in 109 patients with various collagen diseases.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10718475 Moselhy J, Wu XY, Nicholov R, Kodaria K: In vitro studies of the interaction of poly (NIPAm/MAA) nanoparticles with proteins and cells. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2000;11(2):123-47.


The amount of albumin adsorbed onto the nanoparticles decreased with increasing temperature.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9013099 Varela A, Montero CG, Cordoba M, Antequera A, Perez M, Tabuenca MJ, Ortiz Berrocal J, Tendillo FJ, Mascias A, Santos M, Castillo Olivares JL: Improved distribution of pulmonary flush solution to the tracheobronchial wall in pulmonary transplantation. Eur Surg Res. 1997;29(1):1-4.

This report describes the experimental results obtained with conventional (pulmonary artery, PA) flushing versus retrograde perfusion (via left atrium, LA) using 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA-99mTc) to ascertain the distribution throughout the tracheobronchial (TB) tree in 10 Large-White pigs.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
15154710 Suga K, Kawakami Y, Zaki M, Yamashita T, Matsumoto T, Matsunaga N: Pulmonary perfusion assessment with respiratory gated 99mTc macroaggregated albumin SPECT: preliminary results. Nucl Med Commun. 2004 Feb;25(2):183-93.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
9379197 Watanabe N, Shirakami Y, Tomiyoshi K, Oriuchi N, Hirano T, Higuchi T, Inoue T, Endo K: Direct labeling of macroaggregated albumin with indium-111-chloride using acetate buffer. J Nucl Med. 1997 Oct;38(10):1590-2.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
9290084 Watanabe N, Oriuchi N, Igarashi H, Higuchi T, Yukihiro M, Fukushima Y, Tomiyoshi K, Hirano T, Inoue T, Endo K: Preparation of yttrium-90-labeled human macroaggregated albumin for regional radiotherapy. Nucl Med Biol. 1997 Jul;24(5):465-9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
8994073 Hsu BR, Fu SH, Huang YY, Hsu AW, Chuang KL, Huang HS: Macroaggregated albumin potentiates the hypoglycemic effect of microencapsulated islets in the fed state of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J Microencapsul. 1997 Jan-Feb;14(1):27-34.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
20101183 El-Shabrawi MH, Omran S, Wageeh S, Isa M, Okasha S, Mohsen NA, Zekry O, E-Bartan G, El-Karaksy HM: 99mTechnetium-macroaggregated albumin perfusion lung scan versus contrast enhanced echocardiography in the diagnosis of the hepatopulmonary syndrome in children with chronic liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jan 22.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
7178537 Fujii T, Hirayama J, Kanai H, Handa K, Kusama S, Yano K, Hirano H, Takizawa M: [A technique for quantifying lung uptake of 201Tl on the scintigram with 201TlCl]. Radioisotopes. 1982 Jun;31(6):290-6.


On intravenous administration of 201TlCl (74 MBq (2 mCi), initial transit of it through the heart as well as subsequent uptake by the chest were recorded in the supine position using a scintillation camera coupling to a small digital computer, and remaining the patient in the same position perfusion scintigram with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) or transmission scintigram with a point source of 99mTcO4- too.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16049908 Eloot S, D'Asseler Y, De Bondt P, Verdonck R: Combining SPECT medical imaging and computational fluid dynamics for analyzing blood and dialysate flow in hemodialyzers. Int J Artif Organs. 2005 Jul;28(7):739-49.


To visualize blood-side flow while avoiding transport through the fiber membrane, a bolus of 99m-Technetium labeled MAA (Macro Aggregated Albumin) was injected in the flow using an electronic valve.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8959815 Uemoto S, Inomata Y, Tanaka K, Ozaki N, Egawa H, Okajima H, Nishizawa H, Yabe S, Yamaoka Y: Living related liver transplantation in children with hypoxemia related to intrapulmonary shunting. Transpl Int. 1996;9 Suppl 1:S157-9.


Based on the degree of the shunt ratio calculated by technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) scintigraphy, the seven patients were classified in the moderate (shunt ratio under 40%, n = 4) or severe group (shunt ratio over 40%, n = 3).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17433608 Jiao LR, Szyszko T, Al-Nahhas A, Tait P, Canelo R, Stamp G, Wasan H, Lowdell C, Philips R, Thillainayagam A, Bansi D, Rubello D, Limongelli P, Woo K, Habib NA: Clinical and imaging experience with yttrium-90 microspheres in the management of unresectable liver tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2007 Jun;33(5):597-602. Epub 2007 Apr 11.


A pre-treatment planning was carried out with visceral angiography and technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) for assessment of both tumour volume and extrahepatic shunting in addition to a baseline PET and CT scans, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17121357 Zhu J, Zhang B, Yan X, Lao X, Yu H: [Encapsulating hepatocytes with chitosan in physiological conditions] . Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2006 Oct;23(5):1070-4.

Prepared from 15.3% N-acetylated chitosan (FNC), half N-acetylated chitosan (HNC) possesses a good solubility in a weak basic solution, guaranteeing the formation of microcapsules by the coacervating reaction between HNC and methacrylic acid (MAA)-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-methyl methacrylate (MMA) (MAA-HEMA-MMA) terpolymer under physiological conditions.
When hepatocytes were encapsulated in such 3-dimensional microenvironment, as compared to monolayer culture, cell functions, including P450 activity, urea production and albumin release, were well supported.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8796669 Fleishman MJ, Alderson PO, Heller RE, Austin JH: Effect of pulmonary volume loss on the size and appearance of experimentally produced scintigraphic perfusion defects. Acad Radiol. 1996 Mar;3(3):225-31.


The size and shape of the affected lung zones were determined by perfusion scintigraphy (technetium-99m-macroaggregrated albumin [99mTc-MAA]) and the results recorded.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15083747 Morgan L, Pearson M, de Iongh R, Mackey D, van der Wall H, Peters M, Rutland J: Scintigraphic measurement of tracheal mucus velocity in vivo. Eur Respir J. 2004 Apr;23(4):518-22.


A 0.1-mL bolus of radiolabelled (2-5 MBq), technetium-labelled macroaggregated human albumin (99mTc MAA) was injected through the cricothyroid membrane into the trachea of 20 young (< 50 yrs) and 12 older (> 50 yrs) normal subjects and 34 patients with COPD.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11388569 Gunasekera RD, Notghi A, Mostafa AB, Harding LK: Adsorption of radiopharmaceuticals to syringes leads to lower administered activity than intended. Nucl Med Commun. 2001 May;22(5):493-7.


Four commonly used 99Tcm radiopharmaceuticals were included, namely pertechnetate, methylene diphosphonate (MDP), macro-aggregated albumin (MAA) and tetrofosmin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2931055 Daly JM, Butler J, Kemeny N, Yeh SD, Ridge JA, Botet J, Bading JR, DeCosse JJ, Benua RS: Predicting tumor response in patients with colorectal hepatic metastases. Ann Surg. 1985 Sep;202(3):384-93.


All patients had pretreatment hepatic arteriography and arterial flow scans using 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10772486 Berry CR, Hawkins EC, Hurley KJ, Monce K: Frequency of pulmonary mineralization and hypoxemia in 21 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. J Vet Intern Med. 2000 Mar-Apr;14(2):151-6.


Twenty-one dogs with PDH were prospectively evaluated using thoracic radiography, arterial blood gas analysis, and bone phase and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy (using 99mTc-macro-aggregated albumin [99mTc-MAA]).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9443728 Inanir S, Haznedar R, Atavci S, Unlu M: Arteriovenous shunting in patients with multiple myeloma and high-output failure. J Nucl Med. 1998 Jan;39(1):1-3.


Arteriovenous shunting was determined by means of intra-arterial injection technique of 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) particles.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7688577 Toporowicz A, Gersten DM, Hearing VJ, Brown WE, Vlock DR: Cross-reactivity between murine melanoma antigen B700 and a human melanoma-associated antigen (M-66) recognized by autologous antibody: evidence suggesting shared epitopes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Aug 4;1182(1):51-6.


In studies of murine melanoma, a 67-kDa albumin-like melanoma-associated antigen (MAA) isolated from B16 melanoma cells has also been reported by our laboratories.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11511911 Fujimoto H, Naito H, Terauchi M: Skin rash in the hypogastric region during a regional chemotherapy for bladder carcinoma: CT and scintigraphic demonstration of a potential collateral pathway between the internal iliac and inferior epigastric arteries. Eur Radiol. 2001;11(9):1838-40.

Radionuclide imaging with a direct infusion of Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) revealed an abnormal accumulation in the right anterior abdominal wall.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2736346 Peters AM, Gordon I, Kaiser AM, Arnot RN, Lavender JP: Spontaneous abrupt changes in the distribution of ventilation: a cause for apparent mismatching on ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy. Br J Radiol. 1989 Jun;62(738):536-43.


Since the distribution of 99Tcm macro-aggregated albumin (MAA) represents the distribution of perfusion (Q) only at the time of MAA injection, the assumption is required that the distribution of ventilation (V) remains unchanged between MAA injection and the commencement of imaging.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11908826 Turranoglu S, Kaya S, Kararmaz A, Turhanoglu AD: Lung perfusion in hemorrhagic shock of rats: the effects of resuscitation with whole blood, saline or Hes 6%. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2001 Dec;195(4):245-51.


After the correction of hypovolemia, all animals were injected 100 Bg (0.1 cc) technetium 99 m macroaggregated albumin (99mTc MAA) via penil vein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1594167 Suga K, Ariyoshi I, Nakanishi T, Utsumi H, Yamada N: Clinical and experimental studies on the mechanism of abnormal accumulation in lung scanning with 123I-IMP. Nucl Med Commun. 1992 Jan;13(1):33-40.


These sites were within areas of absent or reduced perfusion observed by pulmonary perfusion scanning using 99Tcm-macroaggregated albumin (99Tcm-MAA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20143805 Hafeli UO, Saatchi K, Elischer P, Misri R, Bokharaei M, Labiris NR, Stoeber B: Lung perfusion imaging with monosized biodegradable microspheres. Biomacromolecules. 2010 Mar 8;11(3):561-7.


This is the principle of lung perfusion imaging in nuclear medicine, where macroaggregated albumin (MAA) is radiolabeled with (99m) Tc, infused into a patient's arm vein, and then imaged with gamma scintigraphy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2521570 Kemeny N, Niedzwiecki D, Shurgot B, Oderman P: Prognostic variables in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Cancer. 1989 Feb 15;63(4):742-7.


Only one factor helped predict response to chemotherapy, the type of perfusion seen on a 99Technetium-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) arterial flow scan.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16096584 Suga K, Yasuhiko K, Iwanaga H, Hayashi N, Yamashita T, Matsunaga N: Enhanced perfusion defect clarity and inhomogeneity in smokers' lungs with deep-inspiratory breath-hold perfusion SPECT images. Nucl Med Commun. 2005 Sep;26(9):801-7.


PURPOSE: Deep-inspiratory breath-hold (DIBrH) Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) SPECT images were developed to accurately evaluate perfusion impairment in smokers' lungs.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6216329 Yang PJ, Thrall JH, Ensminger WD, Niederhuber JE, Gyves JW, Tuscan M, Doan K, Cozzi E: Perfusion scintigraphy (Tc-99m MAA) during surgery for placement of chemotherapy catheter in hepatic artery: concise communication. J Nucl Med. 1982 Dec;23(12):1066-9.

In 17 patients receiving regional hepatic chemotherapy, Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin imaging was used to aid arterial catheter placement and to assess perfusion patterns.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16608063 Ue H, Haneishi H, Iwanaga H, Suga K: Nonlinear motion correction of respiratory-gated lung SPECT images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2006 Apr;25(4):486-95.


This method is applied to SPECT images that show a preserved activity distribution in the lungs such as 99m-Tc macro aggregated albumin (99m-Tc-MAA) perfusion images and 99m-Tc-Technegas ventilation images.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1607258 Noma S, Moskowitz GW, Herman PG, Khan A, Rojas KA: Pulmonary scintigraphy in elastase-induced emphysema in pigs. Invest Radiol. 1992 Jun;27(6):429-35.


For the perfusion scans, technetium 99m (99mTc) macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was used, and both planar and single-photon emission CT (SPECT) images were obtained.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8277597 Sone Y, Arai Y, Mukaijo T, Nakatsuka A, Sasaki F, Kido C: [Changes in arterial blood flow patterns by patients' posture during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy assessed by 99mTc-MAA perfusion scintigraphy]. Kaku Igaku. 1993 Nov;30(11):1353-8.

Hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy (HAPS) with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was performed to reveal the effect of patients' posture for the arterial blood flow patterns in hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy. 20 patients of liver metastases with the percutaneously implanted catheter into the hepatic artery underwent HAPS following administration of 99mTc-MAA at the supine and the upright position under one week interval. 10 ml of the saline with radionuclide was injected at a rate of 1 ml per minute.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12500204 Arguedas MR, Abrams GA, Krowka MJ, Fallon MB: Prospective evaluation of outcomes and predictors of mortality in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome undergoing liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2003 Jan;37(1):192-7.


Therefore, we prospectively evaluated the utility of the degree of hypoxemia, the arterial oxygen response to 100% oxygen administration, and the macroaggregated albumin (MAA) scan quantification of intrapulmonary shunting as predictors for outcome after liver transplantation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1965228 Inoue T, Watanabe N, Oriuchi N, Tateno M, Tomiyoshi K, Mitomo O, Hayakawa K, Niibe H, Sasaki Y: [Clinical evaluation of lung scintigraphy with 99mTc-technegas] . Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi. 1990 Dec 25;50(12):1590-600.


More than 97 MBq of 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) were required to obtain the adequate perfusion images after the acquisition of lung images with about 37 MBq of 99mTc-technegas.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8371894 Madsen MT, Kirchner PT, Edlin JP, Nathan MA, Kahn D: An emission-based technique for obtaining attenuation correction data for myocardial SPECT studies. Nucl Med Commun. 1993 Aug;14(8):689-95.


The contours are determined by using 99Tcm-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) to locate the lungs and an external source wrapped about the chest to locate the body boundary.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16375764 Dhabuwala A, Lamerton P, Stubbs RS: Relationship of 99mtechnetium labelled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) uptake by colorectal liver metastases to response following Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT). BMC Nucl Med. 2005 Dec 23;5:7.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
12973002 Slavin JD Jr, Solis V, Spencer RP: Supine versus prone injection of Tc-99m MAA: evidence of thoracic compression or fluid shift. Clin Nucl Med. 2003 Sep;28(9):764-5.


A total of 5 mCi (185 mBq) Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was injected with the patient supine.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12646099 Prat ML, Torres G, Fernandez A, Muniz R, Eiselle G, Martin-Comin J: [Detection of superior vena cava stenosis with superior vena cava-superior left pulmonary artery shunt and pulmonary hypertension. Rev Esp Med Nucl. 2003 Mar-Apr;22(2):100-4.


The images show an abnormal pattern of the distribution of macroaggregate albumin (MAA) and extrapulmonary presence of tracer (right/left shunt).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7624109 Hastings DL, Jeans SP, Wall WH, Hall BJ, Miller DE: The effect on diagnostic quality of using dual isotope imaging for 81Krm ventilation and 99Tcm-MAA perfusion lung scanning. Nucl Med Commun. 1995 Apr;16(4):281-9.


It is the practice in some centres to use dual isotope imaging to reduce imaging times in lung ventilation and perfusion studies with 81Krm gas and 99Tcm-macroaggregated albumin (99Tcm-MAA) by simultaneous acquisition of the two images.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3884214 Marcus CS, Mason GR, Kuperus JH, Mena I: Pulmonary imaging in pregnancy. Clin Nucl Med. 1985 Jan;10(1):1-4.


A Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) perfusion lung scan and a Tc-99m DTPA aerosol ventilation scan were performed for suspicion of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a patient who was ten weeks pregnant.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2521278 Butler JA, Trezona TP, Nordestgaard A, State D: Hepatic artery versus portal vein and systemic infusion of fluorodeoxyuridine of rabbit VX-2 hepatic implants. Am J Surg. 1989 Jan;157(1):126-9.


Tritium-labeled fluorodeoxyuridine (H3-FUDR) and technetium-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin (Tc 99m-MAA) were infused through the hepatic artery, portal vein, and peripheral vein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18495976 Willowson K, Bailey DL, Baldock C: Quantitative SPECT reconstruction using CT-derived corrections. Phys Med Biol. 2008 Jun 21;53(12):3099-112. Epub 2008 May 21.


The total activity in corrected ventilation-subtracted perfusion images was compared to the calibrated injected dose of [(99m) Tc]-MAA (macro-aggregated albumin).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3173915 Peltier P, Gomez M, Bianco A, Planchon B, Chetanneau A, Chatal JF: Aerosol-perfusion lung scintigraphy: value of ventilation subtraction. Nucl Med Commun. 1988 Aug;9(8):565-76.


99Tcm-labelled aerosol ventilation and 99Tcm-macroaggregate albumin (99Tcm-MAA) perfusion can be performed in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16453138 Huang JF, Lin B, Yu QW, Feng YQ: Determination of fluoroquinolones in eggs using in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2006 Mar;384(5):1228-35. Epub 2006 Feb 2.


Ofloxacin (OFL), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENRO), and sarafloxacin (SARA) can be enriched and determined in the spiked eggs and albumins.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
16154332 Hunt AP, Frier M, Johnson RA, Berezenko S, Perkins AC: Preparation of Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin from recombinant human albumin for lung perfusion imaging. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2006 Jan;62(1):26-31. Epub 2005 Sep 8.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
6656776 Morgan AC Jr, McIntyre RF: Monoclonal antibody defined-human melanoma-associated antigens: molecular and phylogenetic studies in normal serum. Mol Immunol. 1983 Dec;20(12):1293-9.


An association of the 100 K MAA with albumin was demonstrated by analytical HPLC gel sieving and SDS-PAGE analysis of monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitates.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
8181247 Moriarty KT, Perkins AC, Robinson AM, Wastie ML, Tattersall RB: Investigating the capillary circulation of the foot with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin: a prospective study in patients with diabetes and foot ulceration. Diabet Med. 1994 Jan-Feb;11(1):22-7.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
10492276 Kao CH, Hsieh JF, Ho YJ, Hung DZ, Lin TJ, Ding HJ: Acute paraquat intoxication: using nuclear pulmonary studies to predict patient outcome. Chest. 1999 Sep;116(3):709-14.


MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: 99mTc DTPA aerosol inhalation and 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) perfusion lung scintigraphies were performed to determine LV, AP, and lung perfusion (LP).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17561589 Ue H, Haneishi H, Iwanaga H, Suga K: Respiratory lung motion analysis using a nonlinear motion correction technique for respiratory-gated lung perfusion SPECT images. Ann Nucl Med. 2007 Jun;21(3):175-83.


RESULTS: This method was applied to 25 Technetium (Tc)-99m-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) perfusion SPECT images, and motion analysis results were compared with the diagnostic results.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3159510 Wahr DW, Ports TA, Botvinick EH, Dae M, Schechtmann N, Huberty J, Hattner RS, O'Connell JW, Turley K: The effects of coronary angioplasty and reperfusion on distribution of myocardial flow. Circulation. 1985 Aug;72(2):334-43.


To assess the effects of angioplasty (PTCA) and intracoronary streptokinase (ICSK) on relative myocardial perfusion, we administered 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) to the uninvolved coronary artery before successful PTCA in 33 patients and before successful infusion of ICSK in eight patients and of 111In-MAA into the same vessel after the intervention.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9167744 Inoue Y, Machida K, Honda N, Takagi S, Ohtake T, Nishikawa J, Sasaki Y: Effect of angiotensin II on arteriovenous shunting assessed by hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy. Am J Clin Oncol. 1997 Jun;20(3):237-41.


At baseline, following the administration of technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m MAA) through the catheter, static images of the upper abdomen and whole-body anterior and posterior images were obtained.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2765804 Civalleri D, Scopinaro G, Balletto N, Claudiani F, DeCian F, Camerini G, DePaoli M, Bonalumi U: Changes in vascularity of liver tumours after hepatic arterial embolization with degradable starch microspheres. Br J Surg. 1989 Jul;76(7):699-703.


Compared with parenchyma, tumour vascularity was classified as hot (18 cases), cold (12 cases), and mixed (12 cases) using 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) hepatic arterial scans.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6089535 Miller DL, Schneider PD, Gianola FJ, Willis M, Vermess M, Doppman JL: Assessment of perfusion patterns during hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy: EOE-13 CT and 99mTc-MAA scintigraphy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984 Oct;143(4):827-31.


All patients underwent 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) scintigraphy and CT with EOE-13.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20019404 McGuire SM, Marks LB, Yin FF, Das SK: A methodology for selecting the beam arrangement to reduce the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dose to the SPECT-defined functioning lung. Phys Med Biol. 2010 Jan 21;55(2):403-16. Epub 2009 Dec 17.


Macroaggregated albumin single-photon emission computed tomography (MAA-SPECT) provides a map of the spatial distribution of lung perfusion.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7884497 Schuster DP, Kaplan JD, Gauvain K, Welch MJ, Markham J: Measurement of regional pulmonary blood flow with PET. J Nucl Med. 1995 Mar;36(3):371-7.


In ten of the normal subjects, PBF was also measured after the injection of 68Ga-albumin macroaggregates (MAA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19841973 Bilbao JI, Garrastachu P, Herraiz MJ, Rodriguez M, Inarrairaegui M, Rodriguez J, Hernandez C, de la Cuesta AM, Arbizu J, Sangro B: Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Flow Redistribution by Occlusion of Intrahepatic Vessels Prior to Radioembolization in the Treatment of Liver Tumors. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2009 Oct 20.


The distribution of microspheres was initially assessed by using technetium-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin ((99m) Tc-MAA) from one of two vascular points before the administration of yttrium-90 ((90) Y)-radiolabeled resin microspheres.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8753684 Ho S, Lau WY, Leung TW, Chan M, Ngar YK, Johnson PJ, Li AK: Partition model for estimating radiation doses from yttrium-90 microspheres in treating hepatic tumours. Eur J Nucl Med. 1996 Aug;23(8):947-52.


The percentage of activity shunted to the lung and the tumour-to-normal tissue ratio (T/N) were obtained from gamma scintigraphy using technetium-99m-labelled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) which simulates the 90Y microspheres used in subsequent treatment.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15167516 Sapienza MT, Ono CR, Watanabe T, Buchpiguel CA, Hironaka FH: First-pass scintigraphy with (99m) Tc macroaggregated albumin: a method for evaluating pulmonary arterial flow pulsatility. Nucl Med Commun. 2004 Jun;25(6):571-6.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
6226470 Desai AG, Park CH: Cavo-portal shunting in superior and inferior vena caval obstruction. Clin Nucl Med. 1983 Aug;8(8):365-8.


Focal radionuclide accumulation of Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) and tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) in the liver has been reported in both inferior and superior vena caval obstruction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1303612 Kemeny N, Seiter K, Niedzwiecki D, Chapman D, Sigurdson E, Cohen A, Botet J, Oderman P, Murray P: A randomized trial of intrahepatic infusion of fluorodeoxyuridine with dexamethasone versus fluorodeoxyuridine alone in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer. 1992 Jan 15;69(2):327-34.


Patients were stratified according to the percentage of liver involvement by tumor and the perfusion pattern on macroaggrated albumin perfusion scan (MAA) scan.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12963492 Duryee MJ, Klassen LW, Freeman TL, Willis MS, Tuma DJ, Thiele GM: Chronic ethanol consumption impairs receptor-mediated endocytosis of MAA-modified albumin by liver endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Sep 15;66(6):1045-54.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
15450140 Martinez T, Benitez D, Nuno de la Rosa JA, Fuente T: [The stability of solid food labeled with different radiopharmaceuticals for studying gastric emptying]. Rev Esp Med Nucl. 2004 Sep-Oct;23(5):343-6.


MATERIALS AND METHOD: The stability of labelled solid food with seven colloidal 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals of different sizes and nature (MAA, tin colloid, rhenium sulphide macrocolloid, albumin microcolloid, sulfur nanocolloid, albumin nanocolloid and rhenium sulfur nanocolloid) has been studied by measuring their dissociated activity after two hours digestion in simulated gastric fluid (kept 120' in agitation, in HCl 0.1 M at 37).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19372301 Lovering AT, Haverkamp HC, Romer LM, Hokanson JS, Eldridge MW: Transpulmonary passage of 99mTc macroaggregated albumin in healthy humans at rest and during maximal exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2009 Jun;106(6):1986-92. Epub 2009 Apr 16.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
6214932 Bledin AG, Kantarjian HM, Kim EE, Wallace S, Chuang VP, Patt YZ, Haynie TP: 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin in intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1982 Oct;139(4):711-5.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
3855752 Kim EE, Legaspi JR, Haynie TP, Wallace S: Transcatheter infusion of 99mTc MAA for predicting response of intra-arterial chemotherapy in osteogenic sarcoma. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1985 Jan;21(1):35-42.


Patients received 2-3 mCi 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) infused through indwelling arterial catheters prior to, during and after the chemotherapy, and static images of tumor beds and lungs were taken and compared with contrast angiographic findings.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7947110 Lau WY, Leung WT, Ho S, Leung NW, Chan M, Lin J, Metreweli C, Johnson P, Li AK: Treatment of inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic arterial yttrium-90 microspheres: a phase I and II study. Br J Cancer. 1994 Nov;70(5):994-9.


All these patients showed a lung shunting below 15% and a tumour-to-normal ratio higher than 2 as determined by diagnostic technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) gamma scintigraphy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12271420 Saunders M, Palmer M, Preece A, Millard R: Model-based comparison of maternal and foetal organ doses from (99m) Tc pertechnetate, DMSA, DTPA, HDP, MAA and MAG (3) diagnostic intakes during pregnancy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002 Oct;29(10):1365-73. Epub 2002 Jul 30.


Organ residence times were calculated for diagnostic intakes of (99m) Tc pertechnetate, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA), hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP), macroaggregated albumin (MAA) and mercapto-acetyltriglycine (MAG (3)) during the 1st and 3rd stages of pregnancy and used with the MIRDOSE3 pregnant female phantoms for generation of dose estimates.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11972553 Brundell SM, Tsopelas C, Chatterton B, Touloumtzoglou J, Hewett PJ: Experimental study of peritoneal blood flow and insufflation pressure during laparoscopy. Br J Surg. 2002 May;89(5):617-22.


A microsphere technique utilizing two distinct radiotracers, 99mTc-labelled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) and 51Cr-labelled MAA, was used to study blood flow to the peritoneum, liver and kidneys.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10646724 Ozagar A, Dede F, Turoglu T, Uneri C: Aspiration of nasal secretions into the lungs in patients with acute sinonasal infections. Laryngoscope. 2000 Jan;110(1):107-10.


METHODS: A 10-mCi dose of technetium 99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m MAA) with a concentration of 1 mCi/mL was prepared at midnight, just before sleep.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12746950 Kimura T, Hasegawa T, Sasaki T, Okada A, Mushiake S: Rapid progression of intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting in polysplenia syndrome associated with biliary atresia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003 Jun;35(6):494-8.


Contrast-enhanced echocardiography showed IPS with a degree of 2/III at age 8 months and 3/III at 10 months. (99m) Technetium-labeled macroaggregated albumin ((99m) Tc-MAA) scintigraphy revealed a shunt ratio of 25.5% at 9 months and 39.7% at 10 months.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9007808 Walser EM, Harris VM, Harman JT, Park HM, Siddiqui AR: Quantification of intrahepatic portosystemic shunting after placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1996 Mar-Apr;7(2):263-7.


MATERIALS AND METHODS: Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was injected directly into the portal veins of nine asymptomatic patients 3 months after TIPS placement.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3415248 Satoh M, Takeuchi S, Kasai C, Kushida Y: [99mTc-MAA perfusion studies in the treatment of preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of malignant bone and soft tissue sarcoma]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1988 Aug;15(8 Pt 2):2359-65.


Tumor response depends on tumor sensitivity and the maximum amount of agent which is deliverable to the tumor tissues, so it is important to maintain a proper catheter placement to obtain good tumor response. 99mTc-Labeled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) perfusion studies were carried out 19 patients who had histologically proven malignant bone and soft tissue sarcomas.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3665594 Kobayashi T, Koyama S, Kubo K, Fukushima M, Kusama S: Clinical features of patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema in Japan. Chest. 1987 Nov;92(5):814-21.


Scintiscans of the lungs with technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) performed in one patient showed decreased perfusion of 99mTc-MAA in the area of infiltrates.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17125634 Akhtar K, Sabih DE, Laghari NA, Mateen A, Sabih Z, Haq AU, Anees M, Alam I, Kausar F: Role of hysterosalpingoscintigraphy in the workup of infertility. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2006 Dec;16(12):760-3.


PATIENTS AND METHODS: HSSG was performed after instillation of 4mCi (148 MBq) 99mTechnetium-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) in posterior vaginal fornix in 65 patients.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19268610 Tamura Y, Ikeda O, Nakasone Y, Shiraishi S, Tomiguchi S, Yamashita Y, Takamori H, Baba H: Effect of gravity on drug distribution after port-catheter implantation for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: evaluation of the relationship between the injection posture and intrahepatic perfusion on fused images acquired with a combined SPECT/CT system. Acad Radiol. 2009 Jun;16(6):662-8. Epub 2009 Mar 6.


Using fused single photon-emission computed tomographic (SPECT)/computed tomographic (CT) images, we compared IHP after the injection of technetium-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m-MAA) via a PCS with the patient in the upright and decubitus positions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9486047 Ho S, Lau WY, Leung TW, Chan M, Chan KW, Lee WY, Johnson PJ, Li AK: Tumour-to-normal uptake ratio of 90Y microspheres in hepatic cancer assessed with 99Tcm macroaggregated albumin. Br J Radiol. 1997 Aug;70(836):823-8.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
12589148 Schneider A, Attaran M, Gratz KF, Bleck JS, Winkler M, Manns MP, Ott M: Intraportal infusion of 99mtechnetium-macro-aggregrated albumin particles and hepatocytes in rabbits: assessment of shunting and portal hemodynamic changes. Transplantation. 2003 Feb 15;75(3):296-302.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
12411547 Taki J, Sumiya H, Higuchi T, Tsuchiya H, Takazawa K, Tomita K, Tonami N: Prediction of myocutaneous adverse side effect due to intra-arterial chemotherapy by intra-arterial (99m) Tc-macroaggregated albumin administration in patients with bone and soft-tissue tumors. J Nucl Med. 2002 Nov;43(11):1452-6.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
8271063 Leung WT, Lau WY, Ho SK, Chan M, Leung NW, Lin J, Metreweli C, Johnson PJ, Li AK: Measuring lung shunting in hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic-arterial technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin. J Nucl Med. 1994 Jan;35(1):70-3.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
2279497 Hardoff R, Rivlin J, Front A: The contribution of perfusion scintigraphy in the evaluation of children suffering from recurrent localized pneumonia. Eur J Nucl Med. 1990;17(3-4):152-5.


Perfusion studies were carried out using macroaggregated albumin (MAA) labeled with technetium 99m.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1436903 Tondeur M, Guillaume B, Guillaume M, Ham HR: Diagnosis of venous thrombosis in the legs using 81Krm venography. Nucl Med Commun. 1992 Feb;13(2):95-8.


There is controversy in literature reports about the sensitivity of 99Tcm-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) phlebography: indeed, using 99Tcm-MAA, poor results are obtained when one has to detect calf vein thrombosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9925963 Lewis CA, Warren SJ, Broadley KJ: 111In-labelled leukocyte migration to the lungs of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs after aerosol challenge with ovalbumin monitored by gamma scintigraphy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1999 Jan;118(1):51-8.


Comparisons were made with OA-sensitized guinea-pigs challenged with saline. 5 or 24 h following the OA challenge, guinea-pigs were anaesthetized and the jugular vein and right carotid artery were cannulated, with the contralateral artery tied off. 2MBq 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was injected intravenously to create a pulmonary perfusion image as a template for the lungs. 111In-labelled neutrophils or eosinophils were then injected via the carotid artery and gamma scintigraphic images obtained.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11221548 Wu PS, Lee BF, Chiu NT, Tu DG, Yao WJ, Wang MC: Peritoneal scintigraphy for diagnosing periumbilical leakage in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2000 Aug;16(8):432-6.


A case with clinical suspicion of dialysate leakage on CAPD was investigated by peritoneal scintigraphy using technetium-99m macroaggregated human albumin (99mTc-MAA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15390150 Ogasawara N, Suga K, Zaki M, Okada M, Kawakami Y, Matsunaga N: Assessment of lung perfusion impairment in patients with pulmonary artery-occlusive and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases with noncontrast electrocardiogram-gated fast-spin-echo perfusion MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004 Oct;20(4):601-11.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of noncontrast electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated fast-spin-echo (FSE) perfusion MR images for defining regional lung perfusion impairment, as compared with technetium (Tc)-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3693216 Doerschuk CM, Allard MF, Martin BA, MacKenzie A, Autor AP, Hogg JC: Marginated pool of neutrophils in rabbit lungs. . J Appl Physiol. 1987 Nov;63(5):1806-15.


The size and location of the marginated pool of neutrophils (PMNs) in rabbit lungs were evaluated, and the rate of exchange of the PMNs with the circulating pool was determined. 99mTc-labeled erythrocytes (99mTc-RBCs) and 125I-labeled macroaggregated albumin (125I-MAA) were used to determine RBC transit times in the pulmonary circulation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11390548 Hayashida K, Fukuchi K, Inubushi M, Fukushima K, Imakita S, Kimura K: Embolic distribution through patent foramen ovale demonstrated by (99m) Tc-MAA brain SPECT after Valsalva radionuclide venography. J Nucl Med. 2001 Jun;42(6):859-63.


We performed radionuclide venography using the Valsalva maneuver, followed by (99m) Tc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) brain SPECT to investigate the fate of emboli originating from the lower extremities.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20183775 Heusner TA, Hamami ME, Ertle J, Hahn S, Poeppel T, Hilgard P, Bockisch A, Forsting M, Antoch G: Angiography-Based C-Arm CT for the Assessment of Extrahepatic Shunting before Radioembolization. Rofo. 2010 Feb 24.


MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 patients (mean age: 64 +/- 12 years) with hypervascularized hepatic tumors underwent hepatic angiography, coil embolization of gastrointestinal collaterals and 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) SPECT/CT before SIRT.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9865619 Reitz C, Breipohl W, Augustin A, Bours J: Analysis of tear proteins by one- and two-dimensional thin-layer iosoelectric focusing, sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and lectin blotting. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1998 Dec;236(12):894-9.


Tear-specific pre-albumin (TSPA), lactoferrin, sIgA, IgG and lysozyme were found to be main components.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1292391 Sundram FX, Lee ST: Radionuclide lung scanning in the management of respiratory burns. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1992 Sep;21(5):630-4.


Fifteen patients also had lung perfusion scans with Tc-99m MAA (macroaggregated albumin).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2395024 Lee MJ, Dowsett DJ, Ennis JT: Peripheral arteriovenous malformation: diagnosis and localization by intraarterial injection of technetium-99m-MAA. J Nucl Med. 1990 Sep;31(9):1557-9.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
2995037 Lopez-Majano V: Hemoptysis and pulmonary artery agenesis: case report. Eur J Nucl Med. 1985;11(2-3):91-3.

The combination of a pulmonary scintigram using radioactive labeled albumin macroaggregates (MAA) and a study of the circulation in the bronchial artery was performed in one patient.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
17450246 Zanglis A, Andreopoulos D, Baziotis N: Trapping of technetium-99m albumin macroaggregate and other four radiopharmaceuticals by blood clots in vitro. Hell J Nucl Med. 2007 Jan-Apr;10(1):24-5.

The experiments presented in this communication provide evidence that the technetium-99m labeled albumin macroaggregate ((99m) Tc-MAA), apparently due to its particle size, can be almost quantitatively retained in the in vitro model described.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
17763163 Rajic M, Ilic S, Vlajkovic M, Antic S, Velickovic L, Stefanovic V: Radionuclide staging of renal function in type 1 diabetes mellitus. . Ren Fail. 2007;29(6):685-91.

Additionally, glomerular and tubular functions were correlated with urinary albumin (UAER) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGA) excretion rates.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients with diabetes mellitus were classified into four groups: normoalbuminuric (NA, 18 patients), microalbuminuric (MiA, 12 patients), macroalbuminuric (MaA, 13 patients), and chronic renal failure group (CRF, 10 patients).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8137482 Leung TW, Lau WY, Ho SK, Chan M, Leung NW, Lin J, Metreweli C, Johnson PJ, Li AK: Determination of tumour vascularity using selective hepatic angiography as compared with intrahepatic-arterial technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin scan in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1994;33 Suppl:S33-6.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
10362345 Pelosi E, Bello M, Zanon C, Grosso M, Clara R, Alabiso O, Bisi G, Mussa A: Extrahepatic regional chemotherapy: use of technetium-99m labeled macroaggregated albumin. Am J Clin Oncol. 1999 Jun;22(3):315-9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
12235928 Ates A, Varoglu E, Yekeler I, Ozyazicioglu A: Evaluation of microcirculation in Buerger's disease using 201thallium/99mtechnetium macroaggregated albumin scintigraphy. J Int Med Res. 2002 Jul-Aug;30(4):438-41.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
12869818 Schmiedehausen K, Kat S, Albert N, Platsch G, Wildt L, Kuwert T: Determination of velocity of tubar transport with dynamic hysterosalpingoscintigraphy. Nucl Med Commun. 2003 Aug;24(8):865-70.


Transport of 99mTc labelled albumin macroaggregates (MAA) can be used as a substitute for assessing transport of spermatozoa within the female genital tract.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6218852 Malone LA, Malone JF, Ennis JT: Kinetics of technetium 99m labelled macroaggregated albumin in humans. Br J Radiol. 1983 Feb;56(662):109-12.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
8202901 Ueki J, Hughes JM, Peters AM, Bellingan GJ, Mohammed MA, Dutton J, Ussov W, Knight D, Glass D: Oxygen and 99mTc-MAA shunt estimations in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: effects of changes in posture and lung volume. Thorax. 1994 Apr;49(4):327-31.


METHODS: Radiolabelled albumin macroaggregates (99mTc-MAA) or microspheres (MS) were injected intravenously and kidneys and lungs were imaged.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1903832 Koike S: [Targeting cancer chemotherapy for metastatic liver cancer--effects of DSM on hepatic hemodynamics and on clinical outcome]. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1991 Feb;92(2):187-94.


RI-angiography using 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) was performed to examine hemodynamic changes in the metastatic liver and, a tumor (T) to non-tumor (N) ratio of 99mTc-MAA accumulation increased 0.37 to 0.62 by combined use of DSM.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10698409 Cherng SC, Huang WS, Wang YF, Yang SP, Lin YF: The role of lung scintigraphy in the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome with pulmonary embolism. Clin Nucl Med. 2000 Mar;25(3):167-72.


Additional examinations included electrocardiograms, chest radiography, and hematochemical tests such as albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3698435 Hiraizumi Y, Fujimaki E, Hishida T, Maruyama T, Takeuchi M: Regional lung perfusion and ventilation with radioisotopes in cervical cord-injured patients. Clin Nucl Med. 1986 May;11(5):352-7.


Ventilation scintigraphy using Xe-133 and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy using Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) were performed on nine cervical cord-injured patients and four normal subjects to investigate regional lung functions in the cervical cord-injured patients.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2795210 Yen CK, Koblik P, Breznock B, Komtebedde J, Pollycove M, Hornof WJ, Fisher P: Portasystemic shunt fraction quantification using transrectal administration of iodine-123 iodoamphetamine in dogs with chronic bile duct ligation and after propranolol administration. J Nucl Med. 1989 Oct;30(10):1702-7.


After intravenous injection of propranolol, PSS were measured with both the IMP method and the standard of portal vein infusion of 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) given through a mesenteric vein catheter.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16999596 Wong CY, Savin M, Sherpa KM, Qing F, Campbell J, Gates VL, Lewandowski RJ, Cheng V, Thie J, Fink-Bennett D, Nagle C, Salem R: Regional yttrium-90 microsphere treatment of surgically unresectable and chemotherapy-refractory metastatic liver carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2006 Aug;21(4):305-13.


All patients had baseline computed tomography (CT), 18-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG-PET), hepatic angiography, and intra-arterial Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) scan for the assessment of extrahepatic aberrant perfusion and lung shunting fraction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16985362 Moralidis E, Arsos G, Kambaroudis A, Karakatsanis K: Uncommon findings in Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin venography in distal inferior vena cava obstruction. Clin Nucl Med. 2006 Oct;31(10):598-601.

Unanticipated findings of Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) venography in 3 cases with deep vein thrombosis of the legs and infrarenal inferior vena cava obstruction are presented.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
9871093 Sasaki Y, Imai T, Shinkai T, Ohishi H, Otsuji H, Uchida H, Tokuyama T, Hamada K, Narita N: Estimation of regional lung function in interstitial pulmonary disease using 99mTc-technegas and 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin single-photon emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998 Dec;25(12):1623-9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
15545880 Esser JP, Oei HY, de Bruin HG, Krenning EP: Liver and vertebral uptake of Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA). Clin Nucl Med. 2004 Dec;29(12):793-4.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
15565329 Riemer AB, Hantusch B, Sponer B, Kraml G, Hafner C, Zielinski CC, Scheiner O, Pehamberger H, Jensen-Jarolim E: High-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen mimotope immunizations induce antibodies recognizing melanoma cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005 Jul;54(7):677-84. Epub 2004 Nov 24.


One mimotope was chosen to be fused to albumin binding protein (ABP) as an immunogenic carrier.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3498713 Hakim TS, Lisbona R, Dean GW: Gravity-independent inequality in pulmonary blood flow in humans. J Appl Physiol. 1987 Sep;63(3):1114-21.


Single-photon emission computerized tomography of the lung with 99mTc-labeled human albumin macroaggregates (99mTc-MAA) was used in six healthy subjects to study the three-dimensional distribution of pulmonary blood flow. 99mTc-MAA was injected while the subjects were resting in the supine position and holding their lung volume at normal end expiration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17962995 Moore RB, Xiao Z, Owen RJ, Ashforth R, Dickey D, Helps C, Tulip J: Photodynamic therapy of the canine prostate: intra-arterial drug delivery. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2008 Jan-Feb;31(1):164-76. Epub 2007 Oct 26.


METHODS: To evaluate drug distribution, the prostatovesical artery was selectively cannulated and photosensitizers alone or in conjunction with 99m-technetium-labeled macro-aggregated albumin ((99m) Tc-MAA) were injected via a 3 Fr microcatheter in 8 animals.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2785514 Even GA, Green MA: Gallium-68-labeled macroaggregated human serum albumin, 68Ga-MAA. . Int J Rad Appl Instrum B. 1989;16(3):319-21.

This positron-emitting radio-pharmaceutical should serve as an effective substitute for 68Ga-albumin microspheres in PET imaging studies that require a particulate tracer of regional perfusion.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17659698 Zhang HY, Han DW, Zhao ZF, Liu MS, Wu YJ, Chen XM, Ji C: Multiple pathogenic factor-induced complications of cirrhosis in rats: a new model of hepatopulmonary syndrome with intestinal endotoxemia. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jul 7;13(25):3500-7.


Technetium 99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin (Tc99m-MAA) was used to test the dilatation of pulmonary microvasculature.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3137882 Koike S, Fujimoto S, Guhji M, Endoh F, Shrestha RD, Kokubun M, Kobayashi K, Kiuchi S, Ooi T, Okui K: [Repeated intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with mitomycin C and degradable starch microspheres in inoperable metastatic hepatic cancer]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1988 Aug;15(8 Pt 2):2601-5.


RI-angiography using 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was performed to estimate the hemodynamic changes in the liver.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6705812 Hunault M, Tamaki N, Minato K, Mukai T, Torizuka K, Konishi Y, Kuwahara M, Ishii Y: Quantitative evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation by digital simulation of cardiac time-activity curves. Eur J Nucl Med. 1984;9(2):68-72.


Transport in the right cardiac chambers after intravenous bolus injection of macro-aggregated albumin labeled with technetium 99m (99mTc-MAA) was recorded in anterior view by a gammacamera system.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2485357 Morales Rodriguez P, Gonzalez Reimers E, Santolaria Fernandez F: [The relationship between psychophysical involution in the elderly subject and his nutritional status]. Nutr Hosp. 1989 Oct-Dec;4(5):276-82.


The nutritional state was evaluated using objective anthropometric parameters (Triceps fold--TF--, Brachial perimeter--BP--, Muscular and Fatty areas of the arm (MAA and FAA), concentration of seric albumin levels (SA) and subjective clinical parameters (atrophy of the temporal muscle (TA) and fat in Bichat's ball (BBA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6336207 Baker SR, Wheeler RH, Ziessman HA, Medvec BR, Thrall JH, Keyes JW Jr: Radionuclide localization of intraarterial infusions in head and neck cancer. Cancer Drug Deliv. 1984;1(2):145-56.


It is clear that successful application of regional therapy must include methodology to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the infused area. 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) injected intraarterially is held on first pass in the arteriolar capillary bed, thus providing a map of blood flow distribution.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3996449 Oster ZH, Atkins HL: Liver visualization following 99mTc-MAA (99mTc-macroaggregated albumin) venogram indicating obstruction of the distal inferior vena cava. Eur J Nucl Med. 1985;10(3-4):183-4.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2318690 Ahmed IH, Logus JW, el-Khatib E, Battista JJ, Ferri H, Lentle BC, Man GC, Man SF: Computerized tomography versus perfusion lung scanning in canine radiation lung injury. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1990 Mar;18(3):577-82.


Macro-aggregated albumin (MAA) perfusion lung scans were also obtained before and at weekly intervals after irradiation and were evaluated visually and quantitatively for abnormalities.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11676882 Liu J, Yang C, Shao W, Han J: [Intratumoral injection of macroaggragated albumin and colloidal 32P for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2001 Oct;9(5):309-11.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
6229324 Bledin AG, Kim EE, Harle TS, Haynie TP, Chuang VP: Technetium-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin arteriography for detection of abnormally positioned arterial catheters during infusion chemotherapy. Cancer. 1984 Feb 15;53(4):858-62.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
11800373 Sun SS, Hsieh JF, Tsai SC, Ho YJ, Kao CH: Evaluation of nasal mucociliary clearance function in allergic rhinitis patients with technetium 99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin rhinoscintigraphy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2002 Jan;111(1):77-9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19205833 Zophel K, Bacher-Stier C, Pinkert J, Kropp J: Ventilation/perfusion lung scintigraphy: what is still needed? A review considering technetium-99m-labeled macro-aggregates of albumin. Ann Nucl Med. 2009 Jan;23(1):1-16. Epub 2009 Feb 11.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
3681370 Sigurdson ER, Ridge JA, Kemeny N, Daly JM: Tumor and liver drug uptake following hepatic artery and portal vein infusion. J Clin Oncol. 1987 Nov;5(11):1836-40.


At operation, 3H-FUdR (1 microCi/kg) and 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) (6 mCi) were injected into the hepatic artery or portal vein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3955501 Wright KC, Wallace S, Kim EE, Haynie T, Charnsangavej C, Carrasco CH, Chuang VP, Gianturco C: Pulsed arterial infusions. Cancer. 1986 May 15;57(10):1952-6.


The in vitro data was substantiated in patients by the following: (1) the intra-arterial administration of technetium 99m (99mTc) labeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) by both steady and pulsed infusions; and (2) changes in the severity of inflammatory skin reactions frequently associated with intra-arterial chemotherapy of the extremities.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9782226 Vattimo AV, Burroni L, Bertelli P, Vella A, Volterrani D: The 'fragmented' scintigraphic lung pattern in pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis secondary to breast cancer. Respiration. 1998;65(5):406-10.


The goal of this study was to analyze the scintigraphic pattern of pulmonary perfusion performed with technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) in the hope of achieving improved recognition of PLC and its subsequent diagnosis.
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15377048 Nagasawa K, Takahashi K, Furuse M, Yamada T, Mineta M, Yamamoto W, Inaoka T, Hirota H, Sato H, Aburano T: [Imaging findings of pulmonary vascular disorders in portal hypertension] . Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi. 2004 Jul;64(5):294-9.


We evaluated chest radiographs, chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans, 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) lung perfusion scans, and pulmonary angiograms.
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10541354 Lee I, Lee YH: The effect of various therapeutic solutions including colloidal chromic 32P via an intratumoral injection on the tumor physiological parameters of AsPC-1 human pancreatic tumor xenografts in nude mice. Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Oct;5(10 Suppl):3139s-3142s.


Macroaggregated albumin (MAA), colloidal chromic 32P (32P-CP), albumin, dexamethasone, 5-fluoro-2'deoxyuridine, dextrose, saline, and trypan blue increased TIFP within approximately 5 min, and TIFP returned to the original level within 1 h, except in the case of MAA and 32P-CP.
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3756831 Civalleri D, Scopinaro G, Simoni G, Claudiani F, Repetto M, DeCian F, Bonalumi U: Starch microsphere-induced arterial flow redistribution after occlusion of replaced hepatic arteries in patients with liver metastases. Cancer. 1986 Nov 1;58(9):2151-5.


Catheter perfusion scans performed early after ligation with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) showed a defective perfusion of the lobe supplied by the occluded artery (0.43, 0.23, 0.11, and 0.28, respectively, as compared to the contralateral lobe).
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9293502 Suga K, Nishigauchi K, Matsunaga N, Kawakami Y, Kume N, Sugi K, Esato K: Three-dimensional surface displays of perfusion SPET in the evaluation of patients with pulmonary emphysema for thoracoscopic lung volume reduction surgery. Nucl Med Commun. 1997 Aug;18(8):719-27.


A modified, three-dimensional display was applied to 99Tcm-macroaggregated albumin (99Tcm-MAA) SPET to help assess the effect of thoracoscopic lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) on regional lung perfusion.
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8662162 Walser RH, Haldemann AR, Rosler H, Koranda P, Kinser JA, Triller J: Diagnostic angioscintigraphic evaluation of malignant hepatic tumors before catheter embolization: determination of shunt, flow distribution, and reflux. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1996 Mar-Apr;19(2):77-81.


PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitatively arteriovenous shunts in malignant liver tumors by injection of 99mTc macroaggregates of albumin (MAA) into the tumor-feeding artery after selective catheterization.
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8062848 Bocher M, Issachar D, Zabari M, Karger H, Chisin R: The use of iridium-191m for pulmonary blood flow imaging. Eur J Nucl Med. 1994 May;21(5):427-31.


We compared that image with a standard lung perfusion image using technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) and plain chest X-ray and computerized tomography (CT).
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2254093 Ekeh SU, Chu RY, Ficken VJ, Allen EW, Ryals CJ: Distributions of perfusion and lung water. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B. 1990;17(6):561-5.

We investigated the feasibility of using 123I-iodoantipyrine (123I-IAP) and 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) to describe and compare the distributions of perfusion and water content in lung injuries.
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7648811 Sturrock ND, Perkins AC, Wastie ML, Blackband KR, Moriarty KT: A reproducibility study of technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin foot perfusion imaging in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 1995 May;12(5):445-8.

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7928505 Order SE, Siegel JA, Lustig RA, Principato R, Zeiger LS, Johnson E, Zhang H, Lang P, Pilchik NB, Metz J, et al.: A new method for delivering radioactive cytotoxic agents in solid cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994 Oct 15;30(3):715-20.


The new method of in vivo tumor infusion consisted of a direct intratumoral injection of macroaggregated albumin (MAA) 10,000 particles, followed by the radioactive agents under study.
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9453490 Abrams GA, Nanda NC, Dubovsky EV, Krowka MJ, Fallon MB: Use of macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan to diagnose hepatopulmonary syndrome: a new approach. Gastroenterology. 1998 Feb;114(2):305-10.

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15072139 Morandi F, Daniel GB, Gompf RE, Bahr A: Diagnosis of congenital cardiac right-to-left shunts with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2004 Mar-Apr;45(2):97-102.

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10853808 Kosuda S, Kobayashi H, Kusano S: Change in regional pulmonary perfusion as a result of posture and lung volume assessed using technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin SPET. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000 May;27(5):529-35.

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2738683 Hall JT, Kim EE, Charnsangavej C, Wallace S, Haynie TP: Variable patterns of technetium-99m MAA perfusion in the therapeutically embolized liver. J Nucl Med. 1989 Jun;30(6):1012-7.


Hepatic perfusion studies using 99mTc macroaggregate albumin (MAA) particles have been utilized to document arterial catheter position and flow distribution in patients who are to undergo hepatic arterial chemotherapy infusion (HAI).
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15745680 Cortes M, Bajen MT, Gil M, Benito E, Moreno A, Guma A, Ricart Y, Martin-Comin J: [Simultaneous location of non-palpable breast neoplasms and sentinel node (SN) study by radioisotopic techniques]. Rev Esp Med Nucl. 2005 Mar-Apr;24(2):101-6.


At 24 hours of the intervention, all patients received one dose of 37 MBq (1 mCi) of 99mTc labeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) in the center of the lesion by ultrasonographic guide.
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18259948 Neff R, Abdel-Misih R, Khatri J, Dignazio M, Garcia M, Petrelli N, Wilson P: The toxicity of liver directed yttrium-90 microspheres in primary and metastatic liver tumors. Cancer Invest. 2008 Mar;26(2):173-7.


The yttrium-90 radiation dose was dependent upon the percentage of tumor involvement of the liver, with a dose modification (reduction) adjusted for macroaggregated albumin (MAA) shunted to the lung.
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1530307 Yasuda S, Noto T, Ikeda M, Mukai M, Ishida H, Nakazaki H, Tajima T, Mitomi T, Ootaki M, Kobayashi S, et al.: [Perfusion patterns of 99mTc-MAA injected into subcutaneously implanted port--evaluation with SPECT]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1992 Aug;19(10 Suppl):1557-9.


Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed in conjunction with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy, and Tc-MAA activity was measured quantitatively.
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19951576 Yi HM, Wang GS, Yi SH, Yang Y, Cai CJ, Chen GH: Prospective evaluation of postoperative outcome after liver transplantation in hepatopulmonary syndrome patients. Chin Med J. 2009 Nov 5;122(21):2598-602.


Standardized methods, such as arterial blood gas at room air and 99m-technetium macroaggregated albumin ((99m) Tc MAA) lung and brain perfusion scanning were performed for the diagnosis of HPS.
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8420777 Forge NI, Mountford PJ, O'Doherty MJ: Quantification of technetium-99m lung radioactivity from planar images. Eur J Nucl Med. 1993 Jan;20(1):10-5.


The accuracy of the methods was evaluated by quantifying the lung uptake of 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) in ten patients and assuming complete trapping by the lung of the known activity of injected MAA particles.
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11192550 Nakayama H, Uchida K, Sim JJ, Yoshida K, Shimizu K, Watanabe Y, Koyama N, Tsujimoto S: A case of pulmonary arteritis with stenosis of the main pulmonary arteries with positive myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. Respirology. 2000 Dec;5(4):381-4.


Chest X-ray revealed enlargement of the left hilar shadow and cavitary infiltration in the right upper lobe. 99mTechnetium-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) perfusion scintigram showed complete hypoperfusion through the entire right lung.
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18247028 Wietholt C, Roerig DL, Gordon JB, Haworth ST, Molthen RC, Clough AV: Bronchial circulation angiogenesis in the rat quantified with SPECT and micro-CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008 Jun;35(6):1124-32. Epub 2008 Feb 5.


Before imaging, technetium-labeled macroaggregated albumin ((99m) Tc MAA) was injected into the aortic arch (IA) labeling the systemic circulation.
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2341903 Shih WJ, Cottrill CM, Coupal JJ, O'Connor W, Kung HF, Ryo UY: Iodine-123-HIPDM lung imaging in pulmonary vein-banded pulmonary hypertension. J Nucl Med. 1990 May;31(5):668-73.


Technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) lung images showed decreased perfusion in banded lung, and normal perfusion in the nonbanded lung.
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10444987 Celen Z, Kanlykama M, Bayazit AY, Mumbuc BS, Zincirkeser S, Ozbay E: Scintigraphic evaluation of the Eustachian tube functions. . Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol. 1999;120(2):123-5.


After instillation of 100 microCi (100 microliters) Technetium 99m-macro-aggregated albumin (Tc99m-MAA) into the middle ear, 60 images were taken at 15 second intervals.
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6229808 Kim EE, Bledin AG, Kavanagh J, Haynie TP, Chuang VP: Chemotherapy of cervical carcinoma: use of Tc-99m-MAA infusion to predict drug distribution. Radiology. 1984 Mar;150(3):677-81.

Nineteen patients with cervical cancer had infusion of Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin particles (MAA) via bilateral internal iliac artery catheters to aid in dividing chemotherapeutic dose appropriately between the two catheters.
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1920763 Sajid KM, Akhtar M, Ahmed I, Waheed RA, Ahmed F: Local preparation, standardization and quality control of technetium labelled macroaggregated albumin for lung perfusion studies. J Pak Med Assoc. 1991 Jul;41(7):167-71.

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11834132 Mager JJ, Zanen P, Verzijlbergen F, Westermann CJ, Haitjema T, van Herk G, Lammers JW: Quantification of right-to-left shunt with (99m) Tc-labelled albumin macroaggregates and 100% oxygen in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Clin Sci. 2002 Feb;102(2):127-34.

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4032034 Dowsett DJ, Ennis JT, Collum CT, De Jong RB: Gold-195m: a steady-state imaging agent for venography that gives blood velocity measurement. J Nucl Med. 1985 Aug;26(8):859-67.


The radiation dosimetry of 195mAu used in this way is lower than contrast and technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin [( 99mTc] MAA) venography, making it particularly useful for investigating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in pregnancy.
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9310179 Basoglu T, Erkan L, Canbaz F, Bernay I, Onen T, Sahin M, Furtun F, Yalin T: Transient reverse ventilation-perfusion mismatch in acute pulmonary nitrofurantoin reaction. Ann Nucl Med. 1997 Aug;11(3):271-4.


Technegas ventilation and Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) perfusion scans were performed to rule out pulmonary embolism.
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1560700 Santi Cano MJ, Barba Chacon A, Mangas Rojas A, Garcia Rojas JF, Millan Nunez-Cortes J, Zamora Madaria E: [The importance of a diet survey in the early detection of malnutrition in the elderly]. Med Clin. 1992 Feb 22;98(7):250-3.


A dietetic survey was carried out on all of those studied by means of a 24 hour recollection-interview, during which triceps fold (TF) and muscular area of the arm (MAA) were measured and serum concentrations of prealbumin (PA) protein bound to retinol (PBR), albumin (ALB), trasferrin (TNF) and complement factor 3 (C3) were determined.
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10582743 Roa DM, Bright RM, Daniel GB, McEntee MF, Sackman JE, Moyers TD: Microvascular transplantation of a free omental graft to the distal extremity in dogs. Vet Surg. 1999 Nov-Dec;28(6):456-65.


Angiography and 99mTechnetium labeled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc MAA) scintigraphic perfusion scans were performed on either day 4, 5, or 7.
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10952491 Suga K, Kume N, Matsunaga N, Ogasawara N, Motoyama K, Hara A, Matsumoto T: Relative preservation of peripheral lung function in smoking-related pulmonary emphysema: assessment with 99mTc-MAA perfusion and dynamic 133Xe SPET. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000 Jul;27(7):800-6.


Regional lung functional difference between the peripheral and central lung was assessed in the upper, middle and lower lung zones by technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin SPET and dynamic 133Xe SPET.
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16018369 Culafic Dj, Djukic V, Jesic R: The significance of hepatopulmonary syndrome in liver transplantation. Acta Chir Iugosl. 2004;51(3):67-71.


Perfusion pulmonary scintigraphy using albumin macroagregate labelled with radioactive technetium (99mTc-MAA) was performed for the visualisation of intrapulmonary vascular dilatation.
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15111180 Daniel TM, Altes TA, Rehm PK, Williams MB, Jones DR, Stolin AV, Gay SB: A novel technique for localization and excisional biopsy of small or ill-defined pulmonary lesions. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004 May;77(5):1756-62; discussion 1762.


The right lung of 12 rats was injected with a technetium 99m (Tc 99m) based radiotracer solution: 4 each with macroaggregated albumin (MAA), unfiltered sulfur colloid (SC), and pertechnetate (TcO (4)).
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6221851 Tula CJ, Bledin AG, Soo CS, Haynie TP: Monitoring hepatic artery spasm for chemotherapeutic infusion by using Tc-99m labeled macroaggregated albumin. Clin Nucl Med. 1983 Mar;8(3):131-2.

Tc-99m MAA intra-arterial infusion was then performed which showed a hepatic artery spasm.
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