Protein Information

Name cytochrome P450 (protein family or complex)
Synonyms cytochrome P450; cytochrome P 450; CYP450; CYP 450

Compound Information

Name azinphos-methyl
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17461082 Fuentes-Contreras E, Reyes M, Barros W, Sauphanor B: Evaluation of azinphos-methyl resistance and activity of detoxifying enzymes in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from central Chile. J Econ Entomol. 2007 Apr;100(2):551-6.

We also evaluated the activity of detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), cytochrome P450 polysubstrate monooxygenases (PSMOs), and esterases, which are likely to be involved in resistance to insecticides.
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3629598 Sultatos LG, Minor LD: Metabolic activation of the pesticide azinphos-methyl by perfused mouse livers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Sep 15;90(2):227-34.

Phenobarbital pretreatment of mice induced hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, as well as microsomal activation of azinphos-methyl in vitro, yet antagonized the acute toxicity of this pesticide in vivo.
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15154513 Ahmad M, Hollingworth RM: Synergism of insecticides provides evidence of metabolic mechanisms of resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pest Manag Sci. 2004 May;60(5):465-73.

These studies indicate that enhanced detoxification, often mediated by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, but with probable esterase and glutathione S-transferase contributions in some cases, is the major mechanism imparting resistance to different insecticides in C. rosaceana.
DEM produced synergism of indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr in the resistant strain.
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14669870 Jauregui J, Valderrama B, Albores A, Vazquez-Duhalt R: Microsomal transformation of organophosphorus pesticides by white rot fungi. Biodegradation. 2003 Dec;14(6):397-406.

These results, supported by specific inhibition experiments and the stringent requirement for NADPH during the in vitro assays suggest the involvement of a cytochrome P450.
These strains depleted 50 to 96% of terbufos, azinphos-methyl, phosmet and tribufos after four-days exposure to the pesticides.
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12620367 Buratti FM, Volpe MT, Meneguz A, Vittozzi L, Testai E: CYP-specific bioactivation of four organophosphorothioate pesticides by human liver microsomes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Feb 1;186(3):143-54.

The bioactivation of azinphos-methyl (AZIN), chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon (DIA), and parathion (PAR), four widely used organophosphorothioate (OPT) pesticides has been investigated in human liver microsomes (HLM).
In addition, the role of human cytochrome P450 (CYPs) in OPT desulfuration at pesticide levels representative of human exposure have been defined by means of correlation and immunoinhibition studies.
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