Protein Information

Name MSRA
Synonyms Cytosolic methionine S sulfoxide reductase (Methionine sulfoxide reductase A3); MSRA; Methionine sulfoxide reductase A1; Methionine sulfoxide reductase A2; PMSR; Peptide Met(O) reductase; Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase; Protein methionine S oxide reductase…

Compound Information

Name sulfoxide
CAS 5-[2-(octylsulfinyl)propyl]-1,3-benzodioxole

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18424444 Cabreiro F, Picot CR, Perichon M, Castel J, Friguet B, Petropoulos I: Overexpression of mitochondrial methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 protects leukemia cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death and protein damage. J Biol Chem. 2008 Jun 13;283(24):16673-81. Epub 2008 Apr 17.


We report, for the first time, that overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 in mitochondria of acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cell line, in which methionine sulfoxide reductase A is missing, markedly protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19665240 Wu TM, Hsu YT, Sung MS, Hsu YT, Lee TM: Expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense in a marine macroalga Ulva fasciata by excess copper. Aquat Toxicol. 2009 Oct 4;94(4):275-85. Epub 2009 Jul 19.


Redox-related genes, methionine sulfoxide reductase A (UfMsrA), thioredoxin (UfTrx), cyclophilin (UfCyp), and ferritin (UfFer) that were up-regulated by excess Cu [Wu, T.M., Lee, T.M., 2008.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20060866 Misiti F, Clementi ME, Giardina B: Oxidation of methionine 35 reduces toxicity of the amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) in neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) via enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A expression and function. Neurochem Int. 2010 Mar;56(4):597-602. Epub 2010 Jan 11.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18466776 Oien DB, Osterhaus GL, Latif SA, Pinkston JW, Fulks J, Johnson M, Fowler SC, Moskovitz J: MsrA knockout mouse exhibits abnormal behavior and brain dopamine levels. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Jul 15;45(2):193-200. Epub 2008 Apr 15.


Previously, we have described elevated levels of brain pathologies and an abnormal walking pattern in the methionine sulfoxide reductase A knockout (MsrA (-/-)) mouse.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18651754 Quinternet M, Tsan P, Neiers F, Beaufils C, Boschi-Muller S, Averlant-Petit MC, Branlant G, Cung MT: Solution structure and dynamics of the reduced and oxidized forms of the N-terminal domain of PilB from Neisseria meningitidis. Biochemistry. 2008 Aug 19;47(33):8577-89. Epub 2008 Jul 24.


The central and the C-terminal domains display methionine sulfoxide reductase A and B activities, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19432210 Pauk VV, Nasibullin TR, Tuktarova IA, Zueva LP, Mustafina OE: [Antioxidant gene polymorphism and longevity] . Adv Gerontol. 2008;21(4):593-5.


On sample of 1534 ethnic Tatars catalase (CAT, -262C/T), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1, L198P) and methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA, -402C/T) gene polymorphisms in connection with lifespan were studied.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18054192 Cabreiro F, Perichon M, Jatje J, Malavolta M, Mocchegiani E, Friguet B, Petropoulos I: Zinc supplementation in the elderly subjects: effect on oxidized protein degradation and repair systems in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Exp Gerontol. 2008 May;43(5):483-7. Epub 2007 Oct 25.


The status of the proteasome, which is in charge of oxidized protein degradation and the repair enzymes peptide methionine sulfoxide reductases, which can reverse methionine oxidation in proteins, were analysed on peripheral blood lymphocytes collected from 20 elderly subjects (age range between 59 and 85 years old) before and after zinc supplementation (10mg of zinc per day for 48+/-2 days).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19487311 Salmon AB, Perez VI, Bokov A, Jernigan A, Kim G, Zhao H, Levine RL, Richardson A: Lack of methionine sulfoxide reductase A in mice increases sensitivity to oxidative stress but does not diminish life span. FASEB J. 2009 Oct;23(10):3601-8. Epub 2009 Jun 1.


Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) repairs oxidized methionine residues within proteins and may also function as a general antioxidant.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19833874 Rosen H, Klebanoff SJ, Wang Y, Brot N, Heinecke JW, Fu X: Methionine oxidation contributes to bacterial killing by the myeloperoxidase system of neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Nov 3;106(44):18686-91. Epub 2009 Oct 15.


Disruption of bacterial methionine sulfoxide repair systems rendered E. coli more susceptible to killing by HOCl, whereas over-expression of a repair enzyme, methionine sulfoxide reductase A, rendered them resistant, suggesting a direct role for methionine oxidation in bactericidal activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18692284 Schwerin M, Kurts-Ebert B, Beyer M, Swalve H, Junghans P: Temporary consumption of diet with unbalanced amino acid pattern affects long-lasting growth retardation correlated with oxidative stress response associated gene expression in juvenile pigs. Clin Nutr. 2008 Oct;27(5):781-9. Epub 2008 Aug 8.


RESULTS: Temporary feeding of SPI diet resulted in prolonged up-regulation of genes involved in oxidative/cellular stress response (glutathione-S-transferase, peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase, calnexin, organic anion transport polypeptide 2).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17624316 Su Z, Limberis J, Martin RL, Xu R, Kolbe K, Heinemann SH, Hoshi T, Cox BF, Gintant GA: Functional consequences of methionine oxidation of hERG potassium channels. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Sep 1;74(5):702-11. Epub 2007 Jun 7.


In HEK 293 cells, the effects of ChT on hERG current were time- and concentration-dependent, and were markedly attenuated in the presence of enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A that specifically repairs oxidized methionine.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17418992 Picot CR, Moreau M, Juan M, Noblesse E, Nizard C, Petropoulos I, Friguet B: Impairment of methionine sulfoxide reductase during UV irradiation and photoaging. Exp Gerontol. 2007 Sep;42(9):859-63. Epub 2007 Feb 21.


Using quantitative confocal microscopy, the amount of methionine sulfoxide reductase A was found significantly lower in sun-exposed skin as compared to sun-protected skin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18239417 Park AK, Shin YJ, Moon JH, Kim YK, Hwang KY, Chi YM: Overexpression, purification, and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of methionine sulfoxide reductase B from Bacillus subtilis. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008 Jan;18(1):59-62.


The peptide methionine sulfoxide reductases Msrs) are enzymes that catalyze the reduction of methionine sulfoxide back to methionine.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19557161 Lindgren CM, Heid IM, Randall JC, Lamina C, Steinthorsdottir V, Qi L, Speliotes EK, Thorleifsson G, Willer CJ, Herrera BM, Jackson AU, Lim N, Scheet P, Soranzo N, Amin N, Aulchenko YS, Chambers JC, Drong A, Luan J, Lyon HN, Rivadeneira F, Sanna S, Timpson NJ, Zillikens MC, Zhao JH, Almgren P, Bandinelli S, Bennett AJ, Bergman RN, Bonnycastle LL, Bumpstead SJ, Chanock SJ, Cherkas L, Chines P, Coin L, Cooper C, Crawford G, Doering A, Dominiczak A, Doney AS, Ebrahim S, Elliott P, Erdos MR, Estrada K, Ferrucci L, Fischer G, Forouhi NG, Gieger C, Grallert H, Groves CJ, Grundy S, Guiducci C, Hadley D, Hamsten A, Havulinna AS, Hofman A, Holle R, Holloway JW, Illig T, Isomaa B, Jacobs LC, Jameson K, Jousilahti P, Karpe F, Kuusisto J, Laitinen J, Lathrop GM, Lawlor DA, Mangino M, McArdle WL, Meitinger T, Morken MA, Morris AP, Munroe P, Narisu N, Nordstrom A, Nordstrom P, Oostra BA, Palmer CN, Payne F, Peden JF, Prokopenko I, Renstrom F, Ruokonen A, Salomaa V, Sandhu MS, Scott LJ, Scuteri A, Silander K, Song K, Yuan X, Stringham HM, Swift AJ, Tuomi T, Uda M, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Wallace C, Walters GB, Weedon MN, Witteman JC, Zhang C, Zhang W, Caulfield MJ, Collins FS, Davey Smith G, Day IN, Franks PW, Hattersley AT, Hu FB, Jarvelin MR, Kong A, Kooner JS, Laakso M, Lakatta E, Mooser V, Morris AD, Peltonen L, Samani NJ, Spector TD, Strachan DP, Tanaka T, Tuomilehto J, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, Wareham NJ, Hugh Watkins, Waterworth DM, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Groop L, Hunter DJ, Thorsteinsdottir U, Schlessinger D, Wichmann HE, Frayling TM, Abecasis GR, Hirschhorn JN, Loos RJ, Stefansson K, Mohlke KL, Barroso I, McCarthy MI: Genome-wide association scan meta-analysis identifies three Loci influencing adiposity and fat distribution. PLoS Genet. 2009 Jun;5(6):e1000508. Epub 2009 Jun 26.


Follow-up studies in a maximum of 70,689 individuals identified two loci strongly associated with measures of central adiposity; these map near TFAP2B (WC, P = 1.9x10 (-11)) and MSRA (WC, P = 8.9x10 (-9)).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18715149 Cabreiro F, Picot CR, Perichon M, Friguet B, Petropoulos I: Overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductases A and B2 protects MOLT-4 cells against zinc-induced oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009 Feb;11(2):215-25.


Among the amino acids, methionine is the most susceptible to oxidation, and methionine sulfoxide can be catalytically reduced within proteins by methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) and B (MsrB).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17451107 Junghans P, Beyer M, Derno M, Petzke KJ, Kuchenmeister U, Hennig U, Jentsch W, Schwerin M: Studies on persisting effects of soy-based compared with amino acid-supplemented casein-based diet on protein metabolism and oxidative stress in juvenile pigs. Arch Anim Nutr. 2007 Apr;61(2):75-89.


After switching back from SPI to CAS diet the decrease of WBPS of the test group vs. control group was of borderline significance (p = 0.061), transcript levels of hepatic gene expressions of leucine aminopeptidase, endopeptidase 24.16, glutathione-S-transferase and peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase were increased.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17500063 Gand A, Antoine M, Boschi-Muller S, Branlant G: Characterization of the amino acids involved in substrate specificity of methionine sulfoxide reductase A. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jul 13;282(28):20484-91. Epub 2007 May 11.

MsrAs are stereo-specific toward the S epimer on the sulfur of the sulfoxide, whereas MsrBs are specific toward the R isomer.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18083115 Prentice HM, Moench IA, Rickaway ZT, Dougherty CJ, Webster KA, Weissbach H: MsrA protects cardiac myocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Feb 15;366(3):775-8. Epub 2007 Dec 18.


The enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase-A (MsrA) is capable of protecting cells against oxidative damage by reversing damage to proteins caused by methionine oxidation or by decreasing ROS through a scavenger mechanism.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19237503 Wood JM, Decker H, Hartmann H, Chavan B, Rokos H, Spencer JD, Hasse S, Thornton MJ, Shalbaf M, Paus R, Schallreuter KU: Senile hair graying: H2O2-mediated oxidative stress affects human hair color by blunting methionine sulfoxide repair. FASEB J. 2009 Jul;23(7):2065-75. Epub 2009 Feb 23.


Moreover, we demonstrate almost absent catalase and methionine sulfoxide reductase A and B protein expression via immunofluorescence and Western blot in association with a functional loss of methionine sulfoxide (Met-S=O) repair in the entire gray hair follicle.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19461988 Brennan LA, Lee W, Cowell T, Giblin F, Kantorow M: Deletion of mouse MsrA results in HBO-induced cataract: MsrA repairs mitochondrial cytochrome c. Mol Vis. 2009 May 15;15:985-99.


PURPOSE: Considerable evidence indicates a role for methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) in lens cell resistance to oxidative stress through its maintenance of mitochondrial function.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19733220 Brennan LA, Lee W, Giblin FJ, David LL, Kantorow M: Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) restores alpha-crystallin chaperone activity lost upon methionine oxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Dec;1790(12):1665-72. Epub 2009 Sep 3.

Two proteins that cause cataract when deleted from the lens are methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) that repairs protein methionine sulfoxide (PMSO) oxidized proteins and alpha-crystallin which is a two-subunit (alphaA and alphaB) chaperone.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
19844733 Ogawa F, Shimizu K, Hara T, Muroi E, Komura K, Takenaka M, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Takehara K, Sato S: Autoantibody against one of the antioxidant repair enzymes, methionine sulfoxide reductase A, in systemic sclerosis: association with pulmonary fibrosis and vascular damage. Arch Dermatol Res. 2010 Jan;302(1):27-35. Epub 2009 Oct 21.

10(0,0,0,10) Details
19388147 Oien DB, Canello T, Gabizon R, Gasset M, Lundquist BL, Burns JM, Moskovitz J: Detection of oxidized methionine in selected proteins, cellular extracts and blood serums by novel anti-methionine sulfoxide antibodies. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2009 May 1;485(1):35-40.


Furthermore, mouse serum albumin and immunoglobulin (IgG) were shown to accumulate MetO as function of age especially in serums of methionine sulfoxide reductase A knockout mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19082015 Stalford SA, Fascione MA, Sasindran SJ, Chatterjee D, Dhandayuthapani S, Turnbull WB: A natural carbohydrate substrate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis methionine sulfoxide reductase A. Chem Commun. 2009 Jan 7;(1):110-2. Epub 2008 Nov 11.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
19558554 Zhou Z, Li CY, Li K, Wang T, Zhang B, Gao TW: Decreased methionine sulphoxide reductase A expression renders melanocytes more sensitive to oxidative stress: a possible cause for melanocyte loss in vitiligo. Br J Dermatol. 2009 Sep;161(3):504-9. Epub 2009 May 5.


OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the decreased expression of MSRA is one of the reasons why melanocytes are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress in vitiligo.
9(0,0,0,9) Details
18506707 Walss-Bass C, Soto-Bernardini MC, Johnson-Pais T, Leach RJ, Ontiveros A, Nicolini H, Mendoza R, Jerez A, Dassori A, Chavarria-Siles I, Escamilla MA, Raventos H: Methionine sulfoxide reductase: a novel schizophrenia candidate gene. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2009 Mar 5;150B(2):219-25.


Methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSRA) is an antioxidant enzyme implicated in protection against oxidative stress and protein maintenance.
8(0,0,0,8) Details
18255097 Ranaivoson FM, Antoine M, Kauffmann B, Boschi-Muller S, Aubry A, Branlant G, Favier F: A structural analysis of the catalytic mechanism of methionine sulfoxide reductase A from Neisseria meningitidis. J Mol Biol. 2008 Mar 14;377(1):268-80. Epub 2008 Jan 16.

The methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) are thioredoxin-dependent oxidoreductases that catalyse the reduction of the sulfoxide function of the oxidized methionine residues.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18455987 Erickson JR, Joiner ML, Guan X, Kutschke W, Yang J, Oddis CV, Bartlett RK, Lowe JS, O'Donnell SE, Aykin-Burns N, Zimmerman MC, Zimmerman K, Ham AJ, Weiss RM, Spitz DR, Shea MA, Colbran RJ, Mohler PJ, Anderson ME: A dynamic pathway for calcium-independent activation of CaMKII by methionine oxidation. Cell. 2008 May 2;133(3):462-74.


CaMKII oxidation is reversed by methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), and MsrA-/- mice show exaggerated CaMKII oxidation and myocardial apoptosis, impaired cardiac function, and increased mortality after myocardial infarction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19542914 Taungjaruwinai WM, Bhawan J, Keady M, Thiele JJ: Differential expression of the antioxidant repair enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSRA and MSRB) in human skin. Am J Dermatopathol. 2009 Jul;31(5):427-31.

Recently, the antioxidant repair enzymes methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) and methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B (MSRB) were described in human epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
17784942 Lei KF, Wang YF, Zhu XQ, Lu PC, Sun BS, Jia HL, Ren N, Ye QH, Sun HC, Wang L, Tang ZY, Qin LX: Identification of MSRA gene on chromosome 8p as a candidate metastasis suppressor for human hepatitis B virus-positive hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2007 Sep 4;7:172.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
18032652 Wassef R, Haenold R, Hansel A, Brot N, Heinemann SH, Hoshi T: Methionine sulfoxide reductase A and a dietary supplement S-methyl-L-cysteine prevent Parkinson's-like symptoms. J Neurosci. 2007 Nov 21;27(47):12808-16.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
20006300 Dhandayuthapani S, Jagannath C, Nino C, Saikolappan S, Sasindran SJ: Methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) of Mycobacterium smegmatis plays a limited role in resisting oxidative stress. Tuberculosis. 2009 Dec;89 Suppl 1:S26-32.


We have previously reported, using Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model to identify the bacterial components that resist intracellular ROI, that an antioxidant methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) plays a critical role in this process.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19085252 Haenold R, Wassef R, Brot N, Neugebauer S, Leipold E, Heinemann SH, Hoshi T: Protection of vascular smooth muscle cells by over-expressed methionine sulphoxide reductase A: role of intracellular localization and substrate availability. Free Radic Res. 2008 Nov;42(11-12):978-88.


Methionine sulphoxide reductase A (MSRA) that reduces methionine-S-sulphoxide back to methionine constitutes a catalytic antioxidant mechanism to prevent oxidative damage at multiple sub-cellular loci.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18845237 Pascual I, Larrayoz IM, Rodriguez IR: Retinoic acid regulates the human methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) gene via two distinct promoters. Genomics. 2009 Jan;93(1):62-71. Epub 2008 Oct 25.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
17943184 Schallreuter KU, Rubsam K, Gibbons NC, Maitland DJ, Chavan B, Zothner C, Rokos H, Wood JM: Methionine sulfoxide reductases A and B are deactivated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the epidermis of patients with vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Apr;128(4):808-15. Epub 2007 Oct 18.

Such high concentrations of H (2) O (2) oxidize L-methionine residues in proteins and peptides to (R and S)-methionine sulfoxide diasteriomers.
In this report, we show that the expression/activities of MSRA and MSRB are significantly decreased in the epidermis of patients with vitiligo compared to healthy controls.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19747232 Minniti AN, Cataldo R, Trigo C, Vasquez L, Mujica P, Leighton F, Inestrosa NC, Aldunate R: Methionine sulfoxide reductase A expression is regulated by the DAF-16/FOXO pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell. 2009 Dec;8(6):690-705. Epub 2009 Sep 11.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
17624653 Cabreiro F, Picot CR, Perichon M, Mary J, Friguet B, Petropoulos I: Identification of proteins undergoing expression level modifications in WI-38 SV40 fibroblasts overexpressing methionine sulfoxide reductase A. Biochimie. 2007 Nov;89(11):1388-95. Epub 2007 May 24.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
20167203 Uthus EO: Determination of the specific activities of methionine sulfoxide reductase A and B by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Biochem. 2010 Feb 16.

The method is based on detection of the 4-(dimethylamino) azobenzene-4'-sulfonyl derivative of l-methionine (dabsyl Met), the product of the enzymatic reactions when either dabsyl l-methionine S-sulfoxide or dabsyl l-methionine R-sulfoxide is used as a substrate.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19653131 Oien DB, Shinogle HE, Moore DS, Moskovitz J: Clearance and phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein are inhibited in methionine sulfoxide reductase a null yeast cells. J Mol Neurosci. 2009 Nov;39(3):323-32. Epub 2009 Aug 4.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18456002 Liu F, Hindupur J, Nguyen JL, Ruf KJ, Zhu J, Schieler JL, Bonham CC, Wood KV, Davisson VJ, Rochet JC: Methionine sulfoxide reductase A protects dopaminergic cells from Parkinson's disease-related insults. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Aug 1;45(3):242-55. Epub 2008 Apr 11.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19854239 Oien DB, Osterhaus GL, Lundquist BL, Fowler SC, Moskovitz J: Caloric restriction alleviates abnormal locomotor activity and dopamine levels in the brain of the methionine sulfoxide reductase A knockout mouse. Neurosci Lett. 2010 Jan 1;468(1):38-41. Epub 2009 Oct 23.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19415325 Guo X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Chu C: OsMSRA4.1 and OsMSRB1.1, two rice plastidial methionine sulfoxide reductases, are involved in abiotic stress responses. Planta. 2009 Jun;230(1):227-38. Epub 2009 May 5.


In proteins, methionine residues are especially sensitive to oxidation, leading to the formation of S- and R-methionine sulfoxide diastereoisomers, and these two methionine sulfoxides can be specifically reversed by two types of methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs), MSRA and MSRB.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18767149 Kim HY, Zhang Y, Lee BC, Kim JR, Gladyshev VN: The selenoproteome of Clostridium sp. Proteins. 2009 Mar;74(4):1008-17.


OhILAs: characterization of anaerobic bacterial selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductase A..
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19392687 Bechtold U, Rabbani N, Mullineaux PM, Thornalley PJ: Quantitative measurement of specific biomarkers for protein oxidation, nitration and glycation in Arabidopsis leaves. Plant J. 2009 Aug;59(4):661-71. Epub 2009 Apr 25.


A comparison between wild-type plants and a mutant lacking peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (pmsr2-1) showed increased protein oxidation, nitration and glycation of specific amino acid residues during darkness in pmsr2-1.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19646993 Le HT, Chaffotte AF, Demey-Thomas E, Vinh J, Friguet B, Mary J: Impact of hydrogen peroxide on the activity, structure, and conformational stability of the oxidized protein repair enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A. J Mol Biol. 2009 Oct 16;393(1):58-66. Epub 2009 Jul 30.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
19343712 Alvarez S, Berla BM, Sheffield J, Cahoon RE, Jez JM, Hicks LM: Comprehensive analysis of the Brassica juncea root proteome in response to cadmium exposure by complementary proteomic approaches. Proteomics. 2009 May;9(9):2419-31.


This study determined the involvement of enzymes such as peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase and 2-nitropropane dioxygenase in alternatives redox-regulation mechanisms, as well as O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione-conjugate membrane transporter, as essential players in the Cd hyperaccumation and tolerance of B. juncea.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19686038 Moskovitz J, Oien DB: Protein carbonyl and the methionine sulfoxide reductase system. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010 Mar;12(3):405-15.


Supportive evidence for this possibility arises from the elevated protein-carbonyl accumulations observed in organisms, such as yeast and mice, lacking the methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) enzyme.
1(0,0,0,1) Details