Protein Information

Name calmodulin
Synonyms CALM; CAM; CALM 1; CALM 2; CALM 3; CALM1; CALM2; CALM3…

Compound Information

Name cypermethrin
CAS cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17981404 Moreno-Delgado D, Blanco I, Ortiz J: Phosphatases regulate histamine synthesis in rat brain. . Neuroscience. 2007 Dec 12;150(3):616-24. Epub 2007 Sep 21.


Other phosphatase inhibitors like endothall (PP2A), cypermethrin and cyclosporin A (protein phosphatase 2B, PP2B) had much lower effects.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
9714322 Fakata KL, Swanson SA, Vorce RL, Stemmer PM: Pyrethroid insecticides as phosphatase inhibitors. . Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Jun 15;55(12):2017-22.

The type II pyrethroid insecticides cis-cypermethrin (c-Cyp), trans-cypermethrin, deltamethrin (Delt), and fenvalerate A alpha (Fen), as well as the type I pyrethroid insecticides cis- and trans-permethrin and S-bioallethrin, were unable to inhibit the phosphatase activity of purified calcineurin under conditions of maximal activation by Ca2+ and calmodulin.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
2988554 Rashatwar SS, Matsumura F: Interaction of DDT and pyrethroids with calmodulin and its significance in the expression of enzyme activities of phosphodiesterase. Biochem Pharmacol. 1985 May 15;34(10):1689-94.

Cypermethrin was less potent than DDT, but it also affected only calmodulin.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
2957417 Sahib IK, Prasada Rao KS, Desaiah D: Pyrethroid inhibition of basal and calmodulin stimulated Ca2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase in rat brain. J Appl Toxicol. 1987 Apr;7(2):75-80.

Effects of two classes of pyrethroids, permethrin and resmethrin (type I), cypermethrin and deltamethrin (type II), on basal (calmodulin-deficient) and calmodulin stimulated activities of Ca2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase from rat brain were studied in vitro.
10(0,0,1,5) Details
16139540 Shin DS, Wilkie MP, Pamenter ME, Buck LT: Calcium and protein phosphatase 1/2A attenuate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity in the anoxic turtle cortex. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2005 Sep;142(1):50-7.

Decreases in NMDAR activity during anoxia were also abolished by inclusion of the Ca (2+) chelator -- BAPTA and the calmodulin inhibitor -- calmidazolium.
However, cypermethrin, an inhibitor of the Ca (2+)/calmodulin-dependent PP2B (calcineurin), abolished the anoxic decrease in NMDAR activity at 20, but not 40 min suggesting that this phosphatase might play an early role in attenuating NMDAR activity during anoxia.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
1315545 Enan E, Matsumura F: Specific inhibition of calcineurin by type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Apr 15;43(8):1777-84.

The inhibitory action of synthetic pyrethroids and some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides on the neural calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, was studied using one radiotracer and two colorimetric methods.
It was found that all insecticidal Type II pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate) are potent inhibitors of isolated calcineurin from bovine brain.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10197980 Stathopoulos-Gerontides A, Guo JJ, Cyert MS: Yeast calcineurin regulates nuclear localization of the Crz1p transcription factor through dephosphorylation. Genes Dev. 1999 Apr 1;13(7):798-803.


Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase, regulates Ca2+-dependent processes in a wide variety of cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12785591 Cassano G, Bellantuono V, Ardizzone C, Lippe C: Pyrethroid stimulation of ion transport across frog skin. . Environ Toxicol Chem. 2003 Jun;22(6):1330-4.

The short-circuit current value (estimate of ion transport) was increased by each of the eight pyrethroids tested, with the following order of potency: lambda-cyhalothrin > deltamethrin > alpha-cypermethrin = beta-cyfluthrin > bioallethrin > permethrin > bioresmethrin > phenothrin.
Finally, the stimulation by pyrethroids was inhibited by indomethacin and W7 (inhibitors of cyclooxygenases and the Ca2+/calmodulin system, respectively).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12065290 Webster CR, Blanch C, Anwer MS: Role of PP2B in cAMP-induced dephosphorylation and translocation of NTCP. . Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002 Jul;283(1):G44-50.

The ability of cAMP to translocate and dephosphorylate NTCP is, in part, dependent on cAMP-mediated increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]), indicating that a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (PP2B) may be involved.
Thus we studied the role of PP2B using the inhibitor cypermethrin (CM).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10898953 Mukerjee N, McGinnis KM, Park YH, Gnegy ME, Wang KK: Caspase-mediated proteolytic activation of calcineurin in thapsigargin-mediated apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Jul 15;379(2):337-43.

Last, calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cypermethrin provided partial protection against thapsigargin-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that calcineurin overactivation contributes to thapsigargin-induced apoptosis.
We previously demonstrated a loss in calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase activity in SH-SY5Y cells undergoing thapsigargin-mediated apoptosis, (K.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7881062 Wang JH, Stelzer A: Inhibition of phosphatase 2B prevents expression of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Neuroreport. 1994 Nov 21;5(17):2377-80.

In addition, calcium/calmodulin (CaM) has been demonstrated to play an essential role in the induction process.
In dendrites in which cypermethrin, a potent and specific inhibitor of PP-2B (IC50 40 pM), was intracellularly applied, tetanization generated only short-term increases (15-30 min) of excitatory responses.
1(0,0,0,1) Details