| Name | Acetylcholinesterase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | ACHE; ACHE protein; AChE; ARACHE; AcChoEase; Acetylcholine acetylhydrolase; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase isoform E4 E6 variant… |
| Name | carbaryl |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1906943 | Banerjee J, Ghosh P, Mitra S, Ghosh N, Bhattacharya S: Inhibition of human fetal brain acetylcholinesterase: marker effect of neurotoxicity. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1991 Jul;33(3):283-90. In general, organophosphates are more than compounds, as evidenced by higher degree of AChE inhibition by DFP and Metacid-50 as compared to eserine and carbaryl. |
117(1,2,2,7) | Details |
| 2126435 | Reddy MS, Jayaprada P, Rao KV: Recovery of carbaryl inhibited AChE in penaeid prawn, Metapenaeus monoceros. Biochem Int. 1990 Oct;22(1):189-98. |
114(1,2,2,4) | Details |
| 7713347 | Ehrich M, Jortner BS, Padilla S: Comparison of the relative inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase in rats and hens given cholinesterase inhibitors. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995 Jan;24(1):94-101. Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE, neurotoxic esterase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities was compared in brain and spinal cords of adult While Leghorn hens and adult male Long Evan rats 4-48 hr after administration of triortho-tolyl (TOTP po, 50-500 mg/kg to hens; 300-1000 mg/kg to rats), phenyl saligenin (PSP im 0.1-2.5 mg/kg to hens; 5-24 mg/kg to rats), mipafox (3-30 mg/kg ip to hens and rats), diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP sc, 0.25-1.0 mg/kg to hens; 1-3 mg/kg to rats), dichlorvos (5-60 mg/kg ip to hens; 600-2000 mg/kg to rats), and carbaryl (300-560 mg/kg ip to hens; 30-170 mg/kg to rats). |
95(0,3,3,5) | Details |
| 17434296 | Du D, Ding J, Cai J, Zhang A: Determination of carbaryl pesticide using amperometric acetylcholinesterase sensor formed by electrochemically deposited Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2007 Aug 1;58(2):145-50. Epub 2007 Mar 13. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the carbaryl inhibition on AChE-CHIT/Au was proportional to its concentration in two ranges, from 0.005 to 0.1 microg/ml and 0.5 to 5 microg/ml, with the correlation coefficients of 0.9966 and 0.9982, respectively. |
93(1,1,3,3) | Details |
| 8561923 | Chakravorty PP, Bose S, Joy VC, Bhattacharya S: Biomonitoring of anticholinesterase pesticides in the soil: usefulness of soil Collembola. Biomed Environ Sci. 1995 Sep;8(3):232-9. In vivo inhibition of whole body AChE reveals higher degree of inhibition by LD50 dose of Methyl parathion as compared to that of Carbaryl where maximum inhibition was noticed at the agricultural dose. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 18663432 | Valdes-Ramirez G, Cortina M, Ramirez-Silva MT, Marty JL: Acetylcholinesterase-based biosensors for quantification of carbofuran, carbaryl, methylparaoxon, and dichlorvos in 5% acetonitrile. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2008 Oct;392(4):699-707. Epub 2008 Jul 29. |
19(0,0,3,4) | Details |
| 8016090 | Mutero A, Pralavorio M, Bride JM, Fournier D: Resistance-associated point mutations in insecticide-insensitive acetylcholinesterase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jun 21;91(13):5922-6. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19894225 | Khajehali J, Van Leeuwen T, Grispou M, Morou E, Alout H, Weill M, Tirry L, Vontas J, Tsagkarakou A: Acetylcholinesterase point mutations in European strains of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) resistant to organophosphates. Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Feb;66(2):220-8. The insecticide concentration needed to inhibit 50% of the AChE1 activity was, in the OP strains, at least 2.7, 55, 58 and 31 times higher for the OP pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos oxon, paraoxon and omethoate respectively, and 87 times higher for the CARB carbaryl. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18000848 | Campero M, Ollevier F, Stoks R: Ecological relevance and sensitivity depending on the exposure time for two biomarkers. Environ Toxicol. 2007 Dec;22(6):572-81. Overall, short-term exposure tended to overestimate the results of long-term exposure decreasing growth rates and enhancing inhibition of AChE activity in atrazine and carbaryl treatments. |
88(1,1,2,3) | Details |
| 6803679 | Leavitt JR, Gold RE, Holcslaw T, Tupy D: Exposure of professional pesticide applicators to carbaryl. . Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1982;11(1):57-62. It was determined, in vitro, that 10 (-3) M carbaryl would inhibit human serum (pseudocholinesterase) and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase for at least 72 hr. |
87(1,1,2,2) | Details |
| 1642791 | Bhattacharya S, Ghosh P, Ghosh S, Ghosh N, Bhattacharya B, Halder P: Acetylcholinesterase characteristics of termite queen exposed to anticholinesterase compounds. Biomed Environ Sci. 1992 Jun;5(2):178-83. Interestingly, the commercial formulations like Metacid-50 and Carbaryl are potent enough at 1 x 10 (-8) M to produce 50% in vitro inhibition of AChE of head and body regions within 15 min of preincubation. |
86(1,1,1,6) | Details |
| 16085276 | Binelli A, Ricciardi F, Riva C, Provini A: New evidences for old biomarkers: effects of several xenobiotics on EROD and AChE activities in Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Chemosphere. 2006 Jan;62(4):510-9. Epub 2005 Aug 8. The aim of this research was to investigate changes on EROD and AChE activities in the freshwater bivalve Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) exposed to different pollutants (Arochlor 1260, CB 153 and 126, pp'DDT, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl) at laboratory conditions, in order to standardize the analytical procedures and to highlight eventual interferences on enzyme activities. |
8(0,0,1,3) | Details |
| 19082085 | Du D, Wang M, Cai J, Tao Y, Tu H, Zhang A: Immobilization of acetylcholinesterase based on the controllable adsorption of carbon nanotubes onto an alkanethiol monolayer for carbaryl sensing. Analyst. 2008 Dec;133(12):1790-5. Epub 2008 Oct 17. |
8(0,0,1,3) | Details |
| 2511899 | Ghosh P, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya S: Impact of nonlethal levels of Metacid-50 and carbaryl on thyroid function and cholinergic system of Channa punctatus. Biomed Environ Sci. 1989 Jun;2(2):92-7. With regard to brain acetylcholinesterase and and serum (T3) and (T4) profiles, a biphasic response pattern was elicited in Channa punctatus chronically exposed to nonlethal doses of locally used pesticides, namely, Metacid-50 and Carbaryl. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 7481747 | Johnston G: The study of interactive effects of pollutants: a biomarker approach. Sci Total Environ. 1995 Oct 27;171(1-3):205-12. Biochemical biomarkers, such as inhibition of serum butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE) and brain acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), have been useful in studies of interactive effects of pesticides in birds. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 985225 | Stone BF, Wilson JT, Youlton NJ: Linkage and dominance characteristics of genes for resistance to organophosphorus acaricides and allelic inheritance of decreased brain cholinesterase activity in three strains of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. Aust J Biol Sci. 1976 Jul;29(3):251-63. No F1 larval progeny from the following crossings were appreciably more resistant than their parents to these chemicals: R x B--bromophos ethyl and fenthion; B x M--carbaryl, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, ethion, fenthion and formothion; M x R--chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dimethoate, ethion, formothion. F1 adult progeny of B x M and R x M crossings exhibited the incompletely recessive mutant-type decreased brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity common to strains B, M and R, thus satisfying the test for allelism. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17590326 | Du D, Huang X, Cai J, Zhang A: Comparison of pesticide sensitivity by electrochemical test based on acetylcholinesterase biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 2007 Sep 30;23(2):285-9. Epub 2007 May 18. Four pesticides of carbaryl, malathion, dimethoate and monocrotophos were selected to discuss their inhibition efficiencies to AChE. |
85(1,1,1,5) | Details |
| 1586462 | Ghosh P, Bhattacharya S: In vivo and in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition by metacid-50 and carbaryl in Channa punctatus under natural field condition. Biomed Environ Sci. 1992 Mar;5(1):18-24. |
85(1,1,1,5) | Details |
| 17166588 | Forcella M, Berra E, Giacchini R, Rossaro B, Parenti P: Increased concentration is associated with exposure to fenitrothion but not carbamates in Chironomus riparius larvae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2007 Mar;66(3):326-34. Epub 2006 Dec 12. AChE activity was significantly reduced by all three insecticides, PNPAE by fenitrothion, carbofuran and carbaryl, whereas NAE activity was stimulated by carbaryl and unaffected by fenitrothion and carbofuran. |
83(1,1,1,3) | Details |
| 1507271 | Ehrich M, Correll L, Strait J, McCain W, Wilcke J: Toxicity and toxicokinetics of carbaryl in chickens and rats: a comparative study. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1992 Aug;36(4):411-23. Carbaryl, a insecticide, exerts its toxic effect in animals by inhibiting the activity of neural acetylcholinesterase. |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 6658844 | Singh DK, Agarwal RA: Inhibition kinetics of certain organophosphorus and pesticides on acetylcholinesterase from the snail Lymnaea acuminata. Toxicol Lett. 1983 Dec;19(3):313-9. k2, Kd and ki, for 2 organophosphorus (Phorate and Formothion) and 2 pesticides (Mexacarbate and Carbaryl) using acetylcholinesterase present in homogenates of the nervous tissue of the snail Lymnaea acuminata, were determined. |
8(0,0,1,3) | Details |
| 11881970 | Sachana M, Flaskos J, Nikolaidis E, Hargreaves A, Alexaki-Tzivanidou E: Inhibition of rat platelet uptake by chlorpyrifos and carbaryl. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001 Oct;89(4):195-200. The activities of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were also determined. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18166217 | Bacchetta R, Mantecca P, Andrioletti M, Vismara C, Vailati G: Axial-skeletal defects caused by Carbaryl in Xenopus laevis embryos. . Sci Total Environ. 2008 Mar 15;392(1):110-8. Epub 2007 Dec 31. This axial-skeletal damage was hypothesized to be related both to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, with consequent muscular tetanic spasms, and to disorders in the organization of the connective tissue matrix surrounding the notochord. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 6815834 | Fernandez Y, Falzon M, Cambon-Gros C, Mitjavila S: Carbaryl tricompartmental toxicokinetics and anticholinesterase activity. Toxicol Lett. 1982 Oct;13(3-4):253-8. The blood kinetics of carbaryl and the inhibition of plasma acetylcholinesterases were followed for 24 h after administration of 20 mg/kg [14C] carbaryl (0.17 microCi/mg). |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 19931761 | Rosman Y, Makarovsky I, Bentur Y, Shrot S, Dushnistky T, Krivoy A: poisoning: treatment recommendations in the setting of a mass casualties event. Am J Emerg Med. 2009 Nov;27(9):1117-24. The administration of oximes, acetylcholinesterase reactivators, in poisoning is controversial because of the potential toxicity of oximes in conjunction with especially in the case of the --"carbaryl" poisoning. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 1778118 | Bocquene G, Galgani F: Acetylcholinesterase activity in the common prawn (Palaemon serratus) contaminated by carbaryl and phosalone: choice of a method for detection of effects. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1991 Dec;22(3):337-44. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 18969806 | Solna R, Sapelnikova S, Skladal P, Winther-Nielsen M, Carlsson C, Emneus J, Ruzgas T: Multienzyme electrochemical array sensor for determination of phenols and pesticides. Talanta. 2005 Jan 30;65(2):349-57. The screen-printed four-electrode system was used as the amperometric transducer for determination of phenols and pesticides using immobilised tyrosinase, peroxidase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The detection of and as well as of pesticides including carbaryl, heptenophos and fenitrothion was carried out in flow-through and steady state arrangements. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17386802 | Ni Y, Cao D, Kokot S: Simultaneous enzymatic kinetic determination of pesticides, carbaryl and phoxim, with the aid of chemometrics. Anal Chim Acta. 2007 Apr 4;588(1):131-9. Epub 2007 Feb 6. It was based on the inhibitory effect of the pesticides on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the use of 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic) acid (DTNB) as a chromogenic reagent for the thiocholine iodide (TChI) released from the acetylthiocholine iodide (ATChI) substrate. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18775593 | Laguerre C, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Kohler HR, Triebskorn R, Capowiez Y, Rault M, Mazzia C: B-type esterases in the snail Xeropicta derbentina: an enzymological analysis to evaluate their use as biomarkers of pesticide exposure. Environ Pollut. 2009 Jan;157(1):199-207. Epub 2008 Sep 4. Acetylcholinesterase activity was concentration-dependently inhibited by chlorpyrifos-oxon, dichlorvos, carbaryl and carbofuran (IC50=1.35x10 (-5)-3.80x10 (-8) M). |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 1696544 | Ray SK, Poddar MK: Interaction of central and in the regulation of carbaryl-induced tremor. Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Jun 8;181(3):159-66. Carbaryl (50-200 mg/kg, p.o.) produced dose-dependent tremors and inhibition of striatal AChE activity. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 2380482 | Farage-Elawar M: Effects of in ovo injection of carbamates on chick embryo hatchability, esterase enzyme activity and locomotion of chicks. J Appl Toxicol. 1990 Jun;10(3):197-201. Carbaryl and aldicarb, two pesticides used extensively throughout the United States, are known to act as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. |
62(0,2,2,2) | Details |
| 17974345 | Campero M, Slos S, Ollevier F, Stoks R: Sublethal pesticide concentrations and predation jointly shape life history: behavioral and physiological mechanisms. Ecol Appl. 2007 Oct;17(7):2111-22. Predation risk impaired all endpoints, including AChE activity, while the effects of pesticide stress were smaller for atrazine and endosulfan and absent for carbaryl. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 10831338 | Mora BR, Martinez-Tabche L, Sanchez-Hidalgo E, Hernandez GC, Ruiz MC, Murrieta FF: Relationship between toxicokinetics of carbaryl and effect on acetylcholinesterase activity in Pomacea patula snail. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2000 Jun;46(2):234-9. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 15889748 | Li AY, Davey LR, George JE: Carbaryl resistance in Mexican strains of the southern cattle tick (Acari: Ixodidae). J Econ Entomol. 2005 Apr;98(2):552-6. Resistance to carbaryl was likely conferred by insensitive acetylcholinesterase. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19476409 | Vioque-Fernandez A, de Almeida EA, Lopez-Barea J: Biochemical and proteomic effects in Procambarus clarkii after chlorpyrifos or carbaryl exposure under sublethal conditions. Biomarkers. 2009 Aug;14(5):299-310. Chlorpyrifos inhibited carboxylesterase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, but acetylcholinesterase was less sensitive. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11131904 | Katsoudas E, Abdelmesseh HH: Enzyme inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods for pesticide residue analysis in fresh produce. J Food Prot. 2000 Dec;63(12):1758-60. An acetylcholinesterase inhibition method was employed for detection of 21 pesticides in bananas, peaches, strawberries, and tomatoes. Positive samples from the enzyme inhibition screening were also analyzed with the carbaryl-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 2496969 | Rao KR, Rao KV: Combined action of carbaryl and phenthoate on the sensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase system of the fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1989 Feb;17(1):12-5. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and accumulation of were observed in tissues of fish, Channa punctatus, during carbaryl and/or phenthoate toxicity. |
68(0,2,3,3) | Details |
| 9216867 | Kallander DB, Fisher SW, Lydy MJ: Recovery following pulsed exposure to organophosphorus and insecticides in the midge, Chironomus riparius. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1997 Jul;33(1):29-33. Acetylcholinesterase activity in midges given two 1-h pulses of carbaryl separated by 24 h in clean water showed reactivation to control levels between the two exposures. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 6138014 | Michalek H, Nemesio R, Meneguz A, Bisso GM: Interactions between anticholinesterase agents and neuroleptics in terms of cholinesterase inhibition in brain and other tissues of rats. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1983;6:386-90. The enhanced inhibition of total ChE due to CPZ depended in most peripheral organs on the effect on pseudoChE (as measured by a spectrophotometric method), except in the case of skeletal muscle in which potentiation of PhS effect was observed on true acetylcholinesterase (AcChE). CPZ was found to potentiate slightly the effects of Mevinphos but did not interact with Carbaryl, Diazinon or Azinphos. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8642625 | Wilson BW, Padilla S, Henderson JD, Brimijoin S, Dass PD, Elliot G, Jaeger B, Lanz D, Pearson R, Spies R: Factors in standardizing automated cholinesterase assays. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Jun 7;48(2):187-95. The ChE activity in erythrocyte samples differed more between laboratories due to a high blank, low erythrocyte AChE activity and hemoglobin absorption at the wavelength of the assay. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 6520739 | Durand P, Thomas D: Use of immobilized enzyme coupled with an electrochemical sensor for the detection of organophosphates and carbamates pesticides. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1984 Jul;5(4-5):51-7. The feasibility of an acetylcholinesterase electrode to detect pesticides is shown. Carbaryl (I) and azinphosethyl (II) are used as examples; typical recordings of the electrode signal and calibration curves are presented. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17559897 | Lin CC, Hui MN, Cheng SH: Toxicity and cardiac effects of carbaryl in early developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Jul 15;222(2):159-68. Epub 2007 May 10. Carbaryl, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is known to be moderately toxic to adult zebrafish and has been reported to cause heart malformations and irregular heartbeat in medaka. |
62(0,2,2,2) | Details |
| 11841371 | Downs AM, Stafford KA, Hunt LP, Ravenscroft JC, Coles GC: Widespread insecticide resistance in head lice to the over-the-counter pediculocides in England, and the emergence of carbaryl resistance. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Jan;146(1):88-93. There were significant differences in louse acetylcholinesterase activity in body lice, and head lice collected in Loughborough and Bristol in the presence or absence of carbaryl (P < 0.001), indicating enzyme inhibition. |
43(0,1,3,3) | Details |
| 14644616 | Smulders CJ, Bueters TJ, Van Kleef RG, Vijverberg HP: Selective effects of pesticides on rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and rat brain acetylcholinesterase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Dec 1;193(2):139-46. Conversely, the potency order of these carbamates to inhibit rat brain acetylcholinesterase is bendiocarb > propoxur, aldicarb > carbaryl > EPTC, fenoxycarb with IC50 values ranging from 1 microM for bendiocarb to 17 microM for carbaryl and > mM for EPTC and fenoxycarb. |
34(0,1,1,4) | Details |
| 1595894 | Kumaran S, Tran-Minh C: Determination of organophosphorous and insecticides by flow injection analysis. Anal Biochem. 1992 Jan;200(1):187-94. A flow injection system, incorporating an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) single bead string reactor (SBSR), for the determination of some organophosphorous (azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, bromophos-methyl, dichlorovos, fenitrothion, malathion, paraoxon, parathion-ethyl and parathion-methyl) and insecticides (carbofuran and carbaryl) is presented. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 6140036 | Ray SK, Poddar MK: Carbaryl-induced elevation of level and cholinergic mechanism. Biosci Rep. 1983 Oct;3(10):973-7. Synaptosomal acetylcholinesterase activity of the hypothalamic and the striatal regions of rat brain was decreased by carbaryl treatment under similar conditions. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 1907515 | Gupta SK, Sundararaman V: Correlation between burrowing capability and AChE activity in the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma, on exposure to carbaryl. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1991 Jun;46(6):859-65. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 10722147 | Xavier MP, Vallejo B, Marazuela MD, Moreno-Bondi MC, Baldini F, Falai A: Fiber optic monitoring of pesticides using porous glass with covalently bound chlorophenol red. Biosens Bioelectron. 2000 Feb;14(12):895-905. An optical fiber biosensor for the determination of the pesticides propoxur (Baygon) and carbaryl, two of the most commonly used insecticides in vegetable crops, is described. A pH indicator, chlorophenol red, is used as optical transducer of the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase by the analytes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 406567 | Schmid ER, Damboritz W, Markl P: [Radiometric determination of 11 pesticides in the nanogram and subnanongram ranges by means of cholinesterase inhibition]. Nahrung. 1977;21(4):311-7. This method for determining carbamates is based on the inhibiting action of these substances on acetylcholinesterase activity. The limit of detection for aldicarb, baygon, benomyl, bux, carbaryl, CIPC, matacil, phenmedipham and promecarb lies in the picogram range; that for barban and methomyl, in the nanogram range. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20096355 | Ilg T, Schmalz S, Werr M, Cramer J: Acetylcholinesterases of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis: Identification of two distinct genes and biochemical characterization of recombinant and in vivo enzyme activities. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jan 19. Recombinant CfAChE1 and CfAChE2 share high sensitivity towards the anti-flea carbamates propoxur and carbaryl, but can be distinguished by their specificity for different acylthiocholine AChE substrates and, particularly, by their differential sensitivity to the non-covalent inhibitor galanthamine. |
34(0,1,1,4) | Details |
| 16704049 | Scholz NL, Truelove NK, Labenia JS, Baldwin DH, Collier TK: Dose-additive inhibition of chinook salmon acetylcholinesterase activity by mixtures of organophosphate and insecticides. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2006 May;25(5):1200-7. We extracted AChE from the olfactory nervous system of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and investigated the inhibitory effects of organophosphates (the oxon derivatives of diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and malathion) and carbamates (carbaryl and carbofuran), alone and in two-way combinations. |
34(0,1,1,4) | Details |
| 9880902 | Gao JR, Rao JV, Wilde GE, Zhu KY: Purification and kinetic analysis of acetylcholinesterase from western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 1998;39(3):118-25. Insecticides or their oxidative metabolites, chlorpyrifos-methyl oxon, carbofuran, carbaryl, malaoxon, and paraoxon, used in in vitro kinetic study exhibited high inhibition to AChE purified from WCR. |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 12696436 | Bozsik A, Francis F, Gaspar C, Haubruge E: Effect of some insecticides on acetylcholinesterase from beneficial insects: Coccinella septempunctata, Chrysoperla carnea and Forficula auricularia. Meded Rijksuniv Gent Fak Landbouwkd Toegep Biol Wet. 2002;67(3):671-7. Measuring the carbaryl inhibition, F. auricularia was the least tolerant. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 16876707 | Cassanelli S, Reyes M, Rault M, Carlo Manicardi G, Sauphanor B: Acetylcholinesterase mutation in an insecticide-resistant population of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.). Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Aug;36(8):642-53. Epub 2006 May 25. Insecticide bioassays showed that the adults of the Rdfb strain exhibited a 2.6-fold and a 7.7-fold resistance ratio to azinphos-methyl and carbaryl, respectively compared to a susceptible strain (S) whereas the adults of the Raz strain exhibited a 6.7-fold resistance ratio to azinphos-methyl and a 130-fold resistance ratio to carbaryl. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 17294923 | Lee SW, Kasai S, Komagata O, Kobayashi M, Agui N, Kono Y, Tomita T: Molecular characterization of two acetylcholinesterase cDNAs in Pediculus human lice. J Med Entomol. 2007 Jan;44(1):72-9. The I50 values of fenitroxon and carbaryl were estimated to be 2.2 and 1.9 microM for the susceptible lice, respectively. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 224645 | Sterri SH, Rognerud B, Fiskum SE, Lyngaas S: Effect of toxogonin and P2S on the toxicity of carbamates and organophosphorus compounds. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1979 Jul;45(1):9-15. The toxicity of the insecticide carbaryl, however, was significantly increased by toxogonin. The acetylcholinesterase activity in erythrocytes, cerebrum and diaphragm of surviving mice 20 hours after organophosphate intoxication was similar both in toxogonin and P2S treated animals and untreated animals. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9174953 | Tran-Minh C: Biosensors in flow-injection systems for biomedical analysis, process and environmental monitoring. J Mol Recognit. 1996 Sep-Dec;9(5-6):658-63. Acetylcholinesterase sensors have been used in batch systems for the determination of pesticides, but they require large amounts of substrate. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10794391 | Lockridge O, Masson P: Pesticides and susceptible populations: people with butyrylcholinesterase genetic variants may be at risk. Neurotoxicology. 2000 Feb-Apr;21(1-2):113-26. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) scavenges low doses of organophosphorus (for example, paraoxon) and pesticides (for example, carbaryl) and in this way protects people from the toxic effects of these poisons. This leaves more toxin available for reaction with acetylcholinesterase in nerve synapses and predicts that people with atypical BChE will be less protected. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9585096 | Mortensen SR, Hooper MJ, Padilla S: Rat brain acetylcholinesterase activity: developmental profile and maturational sensitivity to and organophosphorus inhibitors. Toxicology. 1998 Jan 16;125(1):13-9. IC50s (the concentration of compound that inhibits 50% of the AChE activity in 30 min at 26 degrees C) defined concomitantly for postnatal day 4 and adult brain AChE using either aldicarb, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos-oxon or malaoxon were virtually identical at both ages with average IC50 values being: aldicarb = 2.4 microM, carbaryl = 1.7 microM, chlorpyrifos-oxon = 4.9 nM and malaoxon = 140 nM. |
34(0,1,1,4) | Details |
| 19337507 | Laetz CA, Baldwin DH, Collier TK, Hebert V, Stark JD, Scholz NL: The synergistic toxicity of pesticide mixtures: implications for risk assessment and the conservation of endangered Pacific salmon. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Mar;117(3):348-53. Epub 2008 Nov 14. METHODS: We measured brain AChE inhibition in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) exposed to sublethal concentrations of the organophosphates diazinon, malathion, and chlorpyrifos, as well as the carbamates carbaryl and carbofuran. |
33(0,1,1,3) | Details |
| 17222583 | Xu S, Wu A, Chen H, Xie Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Li J, Zhang D: Production of a novel recombinant Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase for detection of organophosphate and insecticide residues. Biomol Eng. 2007 Jun;24(2):253-61. Epub 2006 Dec 22. The bimolecular rate constants of R-DmAChE to dichlorvos, aldicarb and carbaryl were ranging from three to six times higher than of native DmAChE. |
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| 19607916 | Jiang H, Liu S, Zhao P, Pope C: Recombinant expression and biochemical characterization of the catalytic domain of acetylcholinesterase-1 from the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Sep;39(9):646-53. Epub 2009 Jul 14. The IC (50)'s for eserine, carbaryl, paraoxon, BW284C51, malaoxon, and ethopropazine were 8.3, 72.5, 83.6, 199, 328, and 6.59 x 10 (4) nM, respectively. |
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| 18371707 | Du D, Chen S, Cai J, Zhang A: Electrochemical pesticide sensitivity test using acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on colloidal gold nanoparticle modified sol-gel interface. Talanta. 2008 Jan 15;74(4):766-72. Epub 2007 Jul 24. Typical pesticides such as monocrotophos, methyl parathion and carbaryl were selected for pesticide sensitivity tests. |
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| 9238521 | Kamal MA: Effect of sevin on kinetic parameters of camel retina acetylcholinesterase. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1997 Jun;42(2):235-46. |
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| 4631359 | Goszczynska K, Styczynska B: [Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by N-methylcarbamate insecticides in the housefly (M. domestica L.)] Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1972;23(5):611-8. |
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| 16753348 | Caselli F, Gastaldi L, Gambi N, Fabbri E: In vitro characterization of cholinesterases in the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;143(4):416-21. Epub 2006 Apr 28. ASCh and PSCh hydrolysis were significantly inhibited by eserine (IC50 values were 1.44 x 10 (-8) and 1.20 x 10 (-8) M, respectively) and by carbaryl (IC50 values of 5.75 x 10 (-9) and 4.79 x 10 (-9) M). The presence of different ChEs in tissues from E. andrei was assessed by using selective inhibitors for AChE (BW284c51) and BChE (iso-OMPA). |
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| 2492347 | Farage-Elawar M: Enzyme and behavioral changes in young chicks as a result of carbaryl treatment. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1989;26(1):119-31. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) were measured at 24 h after the first, third, and fifth dose during the 1 wk of treatment, and then at d 1, 3, 6, 10, 20, 30, and 40 after the last dose. |
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| 17360091 | DuRant SE, Hopkins WA, Talent LG: Impaired terrestrial and arboreal locomotor performance in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) after exposure to an AChE-inhibiting pesticide. Environ Pollut. 2007 Sep;149(1):18-24. Epub 2007 Mar 13. Our findings suggest that acute exposure to high concentrations of carbaryl can have important sublethal consequences on fitness-related traits in reptiles and that arboreal locomotor performance is a more sensitive indicator of AChE-inhibiting pesticide poisoning than terrestrial locomotor performance. |
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| 17723768 | Arduini F, Ricci F, Tuta CS, Moscone D, Amine A, Palleschi G: Detection of carbamic and organophosphorous pesticides in water samples using a cholinesterase biosensor based on Prussian Blue-modified screen-printed electrode. Anal Chim Acta. 2006 Nov 24;580(2):155-62. Epub 2006 Jul 29. AChE-based biosensors have demonstrated a higher sensitivity towards aldicarb (50% inhibition with 50 ppb) and carbaryl (50% inhibition with 85 ppb) while BChE biosensors have shown a higher affinity towards paraoxon (50% inhibition with 4 ppb) and chlorpyrifos-methyl oxon (50% inhibition with 1 ppb). |
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| 7447699 | Cambon C, Declume C, Derache R: Foetal and maternal rat brain acetylcholinesterase: isoenzymes changes following insecticidal derivatives poisoning. Arch Toxicol. 1980 Oct;45(4):257-62. Pregnant rats (18th day) were orally given insecticidal carbamates with anticholinesterasic properties: 50 mg/kg carbaryl, 0.1 mg/kg aldicarb, 2.5 mg/kg carbofuran and 20 mg/kg pirimicarb. |
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| 18072155 | Mohammad FK, Alias AS, Ahmed OA: Electrometric measurement of plasma, erythrocyte, and whole blood cholinesterase activities in healthy human volunteers. J Med Toxicol. 2007 Mar;3(1):25-30. Following in vitro inhibition of pseudo cholinesterase by quinidine sulfate, true cholinesterase activity was estimated in the plasma of the subjects. After in vitro addition of the organophosphate (chlorpyrifos and methidathion, 0.5 and 1 microM) and (carbaryl, 5 and 10 microM) insecticides to the reaction mixtures, inhibitions of blood cholinesterases were measured. |
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| 16256972 | Chang PA, Wu YJ, Li W, Leng XF: Effect of esters on neurite outgrowth in differentiating human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Jan 5;159(1):65-72. Epub 2005 Oct 27. In the present investigation, the effects of carbamates at sublethal concentration on neurite outgrowth and cytoskeleton as well as activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) in differentiating human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells were studied. The results showed that 50 microM of either aldicarb or carbaryl significantly decreased neurite length in the -induced differentiation of the neuroblastoma cells, compared to cells treated with vehicle. |
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| 11459102 | Pogacnik L, Franko M: Determination of organophosphate and pesticides in spiked samples of tap water and fruit juices by a biosensor with photothermal detection. Biosens Bioelectron. 1999 Jun 30;14(6):569-78. The determination of organophosphate (paraoxon, chlorpyrifos, diazinon) and (carbaryl, carbofuran) pesticides in spiked drinking water and fruit juices was carried out using a photothermal biosensor. The biosensor consists of a cartridge containing immobilised enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) placed in a flow-injection analysis (FIA) manifold and a photothermal detector based on thermal lens spectrometry. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17450648 | Moss JI: Synergism of toxicity of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide to German cockroaches (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) by hydrolytic enzyme inhibitors. J Econ Entomol. 1996 Oct;89(5):1151-5. Organophosphate and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors carbaryl, DEF, eserine (physostigmine, malathion and pyridostigmine bromide synergized DEET toxicity also synergized the toxicity of the formamidine pesticides. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 6849937 | Das YT, Brown HD, Chattopadhyay SK: Microcalorimetric determination of binding sites of acetylcholinesterase. . Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 May 30;745(1):107-10. Acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7), phosphorylated with dichlorvos, showed relatively more reactivity toward the substrate indophenyl than the enzyme that was carbamylated with carbaryl. |
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| 16076434 | Suwansa-ard S, Kanatharana P, Asawatreratanakul P, Limsakul C, Wongkittisuksa B, Thavarungkul P: Semi disposable reactor biosensors for detecting pesticides in water. Biosens Bioelectron. 2005 Sep 15;21(3):445-54. Epub 2004 Dec 21. Acetylcholinesterase was immobilized on gel by covalent binding. pH and conductivity electrodes were used to detect the ionic change of the sample solution due to hydrolysis of Carbofuran and carbaryl were used to test these systems. |
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| 19551938 | Mascini M, Sergi M, Monti D, Del Carlo M, Compagnone D: Oligopeptides as mimic of acetylcholinesterase: from the rational design to the application in solid-phase extraction for pesticides. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9150-6. The simulated binding energy of the three tetrapeptides versus one model of organophosphate (paraoxon) and one of (carbaryl) pesticide was calculated; a good correlation between shape designed and binding score was obtained. |
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| 18950199 | Mascini M, Sergi M, Monti D, Carlo MD, Compagnone D: Oligopeptides as Mimic of Acetylcholinesterase: From the Rational Design to the Application in Solid-Phase Extraction for Pesticides. Anal Chem. 2008 Oct 25. The simulated binding energy of the three tetrapeptides versus one model of organophosphate (paraoxon) and one of (carbaryl) pesticide was calculated; a good correlation between shape designed and binding score was obtained. |
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| 19161234 | Overmyer JP, Smith PF, Kellock KA, Kwon JW, Armbrust KL: Assessment of the toxicological interaction of with cholinesterase inhibiting insecticides in aquatic insects using the black fly, Simulium vittatum IS-7. Environ Toxicol. 2009 Jan 22. Although SSRIs are known to block reuptake sites on cell membranes, they also have been shown to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In this study, the interactive effect of (SSRI) in binary combinations with carbaryl insecticide) and diazinon (organophosphate insecticide) was assessed using a 48-h acute toxicity test with black fly larvae, Simulium vittatum IS-7. |
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| 1842792 | Bull DL, Pryor NW: Interactions of carbaryl with susceptible and multiresistant house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). J Econ Entomol. 1991 Aug;84(4):1145-53. These tests also indicated that homogenates of brains from the R strain contained more than one form of AChE with different sensitivities to the inhibitor. |
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| 4139992 | Karnak RE, Collins WJ: The susceptibility to selected insecticides and acetylcholinesterase activity in a laboratory colony of midge larvae, Chironomus tentans (diptera: chironomidae). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1974 Jul;12(1):62-9. |
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| 6705793 | Forsberg A, Puu G: Kinetics for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase from the electric eel by some organophosphates and carbamates. Eur J Biochem. 1984 Apr 2;140(1):153-6. The inhibition kinetics for some organophosphates (paroxon, diisopropylfluorophosphate, sarin, VX, soman and soman isomers) and carbamates (physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine and carbaryl) in the reaction with acetylcholinesterase from electric eel have been studied. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 16989325 | Zdrazilova P, Stepankova S, Komersova A, Vranova M, Komers K, Cegan A: Kinetics of 13 new cholinesterase inhibitors. . Z Naturforsch C. 2006 Jul-Aug;61(7-8):611-7. Kinetics of hydrolysis of and acetylthiocholine by two types of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by 13 new inhibitors (5 carbamates and 8 carbazates--hydrazinium derivatives) was measured in vitro in a batch reactor at 25 degrees C, pH 8, ionic strength 0.11 M and enzyme activity 3.5 U by four nondependent analytical methods. |
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| 19788278 | Hossain SM, Luckham RE, McFadden MJ, Brennan JD: Reagentless bidirectional lateral flow bioactive paper sensors for detection of pesticides in beverage and food samples. Anal Chem. 2009 Nov 1;81(21):9055-64. A reagentless bioactive paper-based solid-phase biosensor was developed for detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, including organophosphate pesticides. The modified sensor is able to detect pesticides without the use of any external reagents with excellent detection limits (bendiocarb approximately 1 nM; carbaryl approximately 10 nM; paraoxon approximately 1 nM; malathion approximately 10 nM) and rapid response times (approximately 5 min). |
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| 18965297 | Quintero MC, Silva M, Perez-Bendito D: Enzymatic determination of N-methylcarbamate pesticides at the nanomolar level by the stopped-flow technique. Talanta. 1991 Nov;38(11):1273-7. It is based on their inhibitory effect on electric eel acetylcholinesterase and the use of 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic) acid (DTNB) as chromogenic reagent for the thiocholine released from the acetylthiocholine iodide substrate. Carbaryl, propoxur and carbofuran can be determined at concentrations in the ranges 6.5-120, 2-15 and 0.1-5.0 ng/ml, respectively, by the proposed method. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9294250 | Scaps P, Demuynck S, Descamps M, Dhainaut A: Effects of organophosphate and pesticides on acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase activities of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1997 Aug;33(2):203-8. On the other hand, inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were determined at concentrations of 10 (-6) M for three OP compounds-malathion, parathion-ethyl, and phosalone-and a pesticide-carbaryl. |
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| 1412499 | Lieske CN, Clark JH, Maxwell DM, Zoeffel LD, Sultan WE: Studies of the amplification of carbaryl toxicity by various oximes. Toxicol Lett. 1992 Sep;62(2-3):127-37. We have found that the inhibition of both eel acetylcholinesterase (eel AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) and human serum cholinesterase (human BuChE, EC 3.1.1.8) by carbaryl was enhanced by several oximes. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 15969483 | Zhang Y, Muench SB, Schulze H, Perz R, Yang B, Schmid RD, Bachmann TT: Disposable biosensor test for organophosphate and insecticides in milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jun 29;53(13):5110-5. The wild-type enzyme was combined with three engineered variants of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis acetylcholinesterase (NbAChE), to obtain enhanced sensitivity. The detection limit for carbaryl was 20 microg/L. |
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| 17324631 | Vioque-Fernandez A, de Almeida EA, Lopez-Barea J: Esterases as pesticide biomarkers in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Crustacea): tissue distribution, sensitivity to model compounds and recovery from inactivation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;145(3):404-12. Epub 2007 Jan 30. Since acetylcholinesterase prevails in nervous tissue and carboxylesterase in digestive gland, they are proposed as biomarkers. Carboxylesterase was inhibited by carbaryl and chlorpyrifos, but not by eserine and malathion. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 6803680 | Gold RE, Leavitt JR, Holcslaw T, Tupy D: Exposure of urban applicators to carbaryl. . Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1982;11(1):63-7. Only a small mean decrease was found in the applicators serum (-1.01%) or erythrocyte (-1.39%) acetylcholinesterase activity. |
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| 5002755 | Patocka J, Bajgar J: Affinity of human brain acetylcholinesterase to some organophosphates and carbamates in vitro. J Neurochem. 1971 Dec;18(12):2545-6. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 6783365 | Maunder JW: Novel phenomena arising from the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting insecticides against human head lice. Community Med. 1981 Feb;3(1):31-7. |
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| 15378568 | Reuveny H, Cohen E: Evaluation of mechanisms of azinphos-methyl resistance in the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2004 Oct;57(2):92-100. In comparison to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from susceptible adult codling moth, the enzyme of insects resistant to azinphos-methyl has low affinities (higher K (m) values) to the substrates acetylthiocholine (ATCh) and propionylthiocholine. Of the three carbamates examined, only carbaryl was inhibitory at the mM range while pirimicarb and aldicarb were inactive. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17428735 | Gambi N, Pasteris A, Fabbri E: Acetylcholinesterase activity in the earthworm Eisenia andrei at different conditions of carbaryl exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 May;145(4):678-85. Epub 2007 Mar 14. Carbaryl reduced earthworm AChE activity within 1 day of in vivo exposure to contaminated filter paper. |
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| 1527712 | May DG, Naukam RJ, Kambam JR, Branch RA: Cimetidine-carbaryl interaction in humans: evidence for an active metabolite of carbaryl. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992 Sep;262(3):1057-61. Carbaryl induced a concentration-dependent reduction of isolated RBC acetylcholinesterase activity requiring 1 microgram/ml to achieve 20% inhibition. |
244(3,3,3,4) | Details |
| 18260698 | Boone MD: Examining the single and interactive effects of three insecticides on amphibian metamorphosis. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008 Jul;27(7):1561-8. I exposed tadpoles to single or multiple insecticides at approximately half the reported median lethal concentrations using insecticides that were either acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (carbaryl or malathion) or a sodium-channel disruptor (permethrin). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 103555 | Cambon C, Declume C, Derache R: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase from foetal and maternal tissues after oral intake of Carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methyl- by pregnant rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 1978;27(22):2647-8. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 515502 | Hetnarski B: Application of the charge-transfer constant for correlation of acetylcholinesterase affinity reciprocals vs. physico-chemical properties of aromatic inhibitors. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1979 Oct;26(1):171-86. The investigated aromatics constituted p- and m-substituted phenyl methylcarbamates, carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate), p-substituted phenylmethyl methylcarbamates, and various aromatics without the carbamyl group, the dependencies found for the following relations: KD vs. (CT + sigma delta CT), where CT is the charge-transfer constant for a whole aromatic system and delta CT refers to effects of substitutents upon it; KD vs. sigma pi; KD vs. (CT + sigma delta CT) + sigma pi; and KD vs. [(CT + sigma delta CT), sigma pi] were characterized by the correlation coefficients 0.72, 0.82, 0.92, and 0.93 respectively. |
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| 15154489 | Grafton-Cardwell EE, Ouyang Y, Striggow RA, Christiansen JA, Black CS: Role of esterase enzymes in monitoring for resistance of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Homoptera: Diaspididae), to organophosphate and insecticides. J Econ Entomol. 2004 Apr;97(2):606-13. Eighty-seven populations of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), from the San Joaquin Valley of California were tested for insecticide resistance by using chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and/or carbaryl in a standard fruit-dip bioassay as well as for general esterase activity by using alpha-naphthyl as a substrate in a colorimetric test. The results of tests for activity and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity suggest that California red scale is using increased amounts of esterase enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase, to sequester organophosphate and insecticides, rather than modified acetylcholinesterase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12469775 | Pesando D, Huitorel P, Dolcini V, Angelini C, Guidetti P, Falugi C: Biological targets of pesticides analysed by alteration of developmental events in the Mediterranean sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. Mar Environ Res. 2003 Feb;55(1):39-57. The biological effects of Basudin (an organophosphate compound containing 20% Diazinon), Diazinon (Dzn, a thionophosphate), Carbaryl and Pirimicarb (carbamates) on the early phases of sea urchin development were thus investigated. From the gastrulation stage onwards, the main effects were exerted on the rate of primary mesenchyme cells migration, larval size, perioral arm length, and acetylcholinesterase activity distribution, thus deregulating the cholinergic system, which modulates cell-to-cell communication mediated by the signal molecule |
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| 9568379 | Singh AK, Spassova D: Effects of hexamethonium, phenothiazines, and ephedrine on acetylcholinesterase carbamylation by physostigmine, aldicarb and carbaryl: interaction between the active site and the functionally distinct peripheral sites in acetylcholinesterase. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1998 Jan;119(1):97-105. |
201(2,3,3,11) | Details |
| 8161944 | Dawson RM: Rate constants of carbamylation and decarbamylation of acetylcholinesterase for physostigmine and carbaryl in the presence of an oxime. Neurochem Int. 1994 Feb;24(2):173-82. Membrane-bound bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase was inhibited with physostigmine or carbaryl, and the rate constants of carbamylation and decarbamylation were determined from the proportion of inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the steady state, and the rate of approach to the steady state. |
200(2,3,4,5) | Details |
| 9606268 | Pradhan SC, Mishra PC: Inhibition and recovery kinetics of acetylcholinesterase activity in Drawida calebi and Octochaetona surensis, the tropical earthworms, exposed to carbaryl insecticide. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1998 Jun;60(6):904-8. |
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| 2494778 | Harris LW, Talbot BG, Lennox WJ, Anderson DR: The relationship between oxime-induced reactivation of carbamylated acetylcholinesterase and antidotal efficacy against intoxication. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Mar 15;98(1):128-33. The efficacy of the oximes pyridinium-2- methochloride (2-PAM) and 1-[[[(4-aminocarbonyl) pyridinio] methoxy] methyl]-2-[(hydro xyimino) methyl] pyridinium dichloride (HI-6), in combination with atropine (At), against lethality by either carbaryl (CA) or physostigmine (Phy) was investigated in rats. |
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| 109138 | Bursian SJ, Edens FW: The prolonged exposure of Japanese quail to carbaryl and its effects on neurochemical and blood chemical parameters. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1979 Jan;21(1-2):144-51. |
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| 3939750 | Lindgren B, Lindgren G, Artursson E, Puu G: Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by and heterosubstituted isomers of N,N-diethylcarbamyl and carbaryl. J Enzyme Inhib. 1985;1(1):1-11. |
162(2,2,2,2) | Details |
| 2514222 | Bull DL, Wadleigh RW, Patterson RS: Pharmacodynamics of malathion and carbaryl in susceptible and multiresistant German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol. 1989 Dec;82(6):1512-9. Studies with malathion and carbaryl were done to compare toxicity; absorption, metabolism, internal accumulation, and excretion; and in vivo inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) after topical applications to adult male susceptible (S, Orlando normal) or multiresistant (R, HRDC) German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.). |
162(2,2,2,2) | Details |
| 1833318 | Rao KV, Ghouselazam S, Surendranath P: Inhibition and recovery of selected target enzyme activities in tissues of penaeid prawn, Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius), exposed to different insecticides. Indian J Exp Biol. 1991 May;29(5):489-91. The target enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (for phosphamidon and carbaryl) and Mg2+ ATPase (for DDT and fenvalerate) have been assayed during exposure and reclamation of these insecticides in M. monoceros. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 6801818 | Cambon C, Fernandez Y, Falzon M, Mitjavila S: Variations of the digestive absorption kinetics of carbaryl with the nature of the vehicle. Toxicology. 1981;22(1):45-51. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition and the level of 14C-activity were both determined in the blood over various periods of time. |
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| 14709383 | Kok FN, Hasirci V: Determination of binary pesticide mixtures by an acetylcholinesterase- oxidase biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 2004 Feb 15;19(7):661-5. Enzyme immobilized membrane was used in the detection of anti-cholinesterase activity of aldicarb (AS), carbofuran (CF) and carbaryl (CL), as well as two mixtures, (AS+CF) and (AS+CL). |
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