Protein Information

Name cholinesterases
Synonyms Acylcholine acylhydrolase; BCHE; BCHE protein; Butyrylcholine esterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; CHE1; Choline esterase II; Cholinesterase…

Compound Information

Name fonofos
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18348626 Elliott JE, Birmingham AL, Wilson LK, McAdie M, Trudeau S, Mineau P: Fonofos poisons raptors and waterfowl several months after granular application. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008 Feb;27(2):452-60.

As part of a wildlife-monitoring program, we collected 15 raptors, including 12 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), found dead or debilitated on or near agricultural lands with severely inhibited brain and/or plasma cholinesterase activity and fonofos residues in ingesta.
64(0,2,2,4) Details
1689507 Quadri F, Malacrida R: [Poisoning with cholinesterase inhibitors] . Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1990 Feb 10;120(6):153-4.

A 32-year-old woman who had ingested 300 ml of a potent cholinesterase inhibitor insecticide (Fonofos) with suicidal intent became progressively comatose and finally suffered respiratory arrest.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
7338949 Fleming WJ, Bradbury SP: Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1981 Nov-Dec;8(5-6):885-97.

Oral doses of the organophosphorus pesticides acephate, dicrotophos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, and parathion were administered to mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos), and brain and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities were determined for up to 17 d after dosing.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
17423767 Frank R, Braun HE, Wilkie I, Ewing R: A review of insecticide poisonings among domestic livestock in southern Ontario, Canada, 1982-1989. Can Vet J. 1991 Apr;32(4):219-226.

Signs typical of cholinesterase inhibition caused by organophosphorus poisoning were observed in most cases.
From 1982 to 1989, inclusive, 20 poisonings were investigated by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food following ingestion by domestic livestock of granular insecticides including terbufos (13 poisonings), disulfoton (two poisonings), fonofos (two poisonings), phorate (two poisonings), and carbofuran (one poisoning); all are used for rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) control in corn.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
6510327 Hill EF, Camardese MB: Toxicity of anticholinesterase insecticides to birds: technical grade versus granular formulations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1984 Dec;8(6):551-63.

The test chemicals were Amaze 15G (isofenphos), Counter 15G (terbufos), Dasanit 15G (fensulfothion), Diazinon 14G (diazinon), Di-Syston 15G (disulfoton), Dyfonate 20G (fonofos), Furadan 10G (carbofuran), Lorsban 15G (chlorpyrifos), Nemacur 15G (fenamiphos), Parathion 10G (parathion), Tattoo 10G (bendiocarb), Temik 15G (aldicarb), and Thimet 15G (phorate).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16324745 Victoria Barahona M, Sanchez-Fortun S: Protective effect induced by atropine, carbamates, and 2-pyridine aldoxime methoiodide Artemia salina larvae exposed to fonofos and phosphamidon. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2007 Jan;66(1):65-73. Epub 2005 Dec 1.

The effects of pretreatment with the nonselective muscarinic antagonist atropine, the two reversible acetylcholinesterease inhibitors physostigmine and pyridostigmine, and the cholinesterase-reactivating oxime 2-pyridine aldoxime methoiodide (2-PAM), as individual and combined pretreatments, on OP-induced lethality in 24 h Artemia were also investigated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11833793 Wilson LK, Elliott JE, Vernon RS, Smith BD, Szeto SY: Persistence and retention of active ingredients in four granular cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides in agricultural soils of the lower Fraser River valley, British Columbia, Canada, with implications for wildlife poisoning. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2002 Feb;21(2):260-8.

The persistence and retention of active ingredients in granules of Thimet 15G (phorate 15% by weight), Dyfonate 10G (fonofos 10% by weight), Counter 15G (terbufos 15% by weight), and Furadan 10G (carbofuran 10% by weight) were determined in silt loam and organic muck agricultural soils typical of the lower Fraser River valley (BC, Canada).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2417385 Cohen SD, Williams RA, Killinger JM, Freudenthal RI: Comparative sensitivity of bovine and rodent acetylcholinesterase to in vitro inhibition by organophosphate insecticides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Dec;81(3 Pt 1):452-9.


Biochemical studies were conducted to compare the in vitro sensitivities of bovine and rodent brain and erythrocyte cholinesterases to inhibition by Dyfonate-oxon, paraoxon, and malaoxon.
1(0,0,0,1) Details