Protein Information

Name immunoglobulin (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Immunoglobulin; Immunoglobulins

Compound Information

Name formaldehyde
CAS formaldehyde

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18667637 Keller JE: Characterization of new formalin-detoxified botulinum neurotoxin toxoids. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008 Sep;15(9):1374-9. Epub 2008 Jul 30.

A variety of new toxoids were synthesized in-house by optimizing formaldehyde reaction conditions.
By day 28, relatively high toxin-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were detected in animals that had received any of the in-house toxoids, with greater than 99% being IgG1 and the remainder being IgG2.
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18985524 Talaulikar D, Shadbolt B, McNiven M, Dahlstrom JE: DNA amplification from formalin-fixed decalcified paraffin-embedded bone marrow trephine specimens: does the duration of storage matter?. Pathology. 2008 Dec;40(7):702-6.


An amplification control master mix from the In Vivo Scribe Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Clonality kit was used to determine DNA amplification at different amplicon sizes [96-600 base pairs (bp)].
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18765837 Mizutani Y, Tsuge S, Shiogama K, Shimomura R, Kamoshida S, Inada K, Tsutsumi Y: Enzyme-labeled antigen method: histochemical detection of antigen-specific antibody-producing cells in tissue sections of rats immunized with horseradish peroxidase, ovalbumin, or keyhole limpet hemocyanin. J Histochem Cytochem. 2009 Feb;57(2):101-11. Epub 2008 Sep 2.


Proportions of antigen-specific antibody-producing cells in total plasma cells shown with the immunoperoxidase method for rat immunoglobulins were evaluated.
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19114543 Gauthier YP, Tournier JN, Paucod JC, Corre JP, Mock M, Goossens PL, Vidal DR: Efficacy of a vaccine based on protective antigen and killed spores against experimental inhalational anthrax. Infect Immun. 2009 Mar;77(3):1197-207. Epub 2008 Dec 29.

Addition of formaldehyde-inactivated spores (FIS) to PA (PA-FIS) elicits total protection against cutaneous anthrax.
Combined subcutaneous plus intranasal immunization of mice yielded a mucosal immunoglobulin G response to rPA that was more than 20 times higher than that in lung mucosal secretions after subcutaneous vaccination.
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18459292 Kapczynski DR, Perkins LL, Sellers HS: Mucosal vaccination with formalin-inactivated avian metapneumovirus subtype C does not protect turkeys following intranasal challenge. Avian Dis. 2008 Mar;52(1):28-33.


As determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), all virus-challenged groups increased serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibody production against the virus following challenge; however, the unvaccinated aMPV-challenged group displayed the highest increases in virus-neutralizing antibody.
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18482194 Curvers J, de Wildt-Eggen J, Heeremans J, Scharenberg J, de Korte D, van der Meer PF: Flow cytometric measurement of CD62P (P-selectin) expression on platelets: a multicenter optimization and standardization effort. Transfusion. 2008 Jul;48(7):1439-46. Epub 2008 May 13.

A protocol was selected using fixation with 0.5 percent methanol-free formaldehyde.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The effects of fixation, source and dilution of CD62P antibody, source of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypic antibody, and analysis of results were investigated.
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19704260 Mangseth K, Helgeland L, Klos J, Molven A, Vintermyr OK: Improved diagnostic segregation of mantle cell lymphoma by determination of cyclin D1/D3 expression ratio in formalin-fixed tissue. Diagn Mol Pathol. 2009 Sep;18(3):150-5.


This causes the CCND1 gene on chromosome 11 to be co-localized with the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene on chromosome 14, resulting in increased expression of cyclin D1.
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17922050 Bereczki L, Kis G, Bagdi E, Krenacs L: Optimization of PCR amplification for B- and T-cell clonality analysis on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples. Pathol Oncol Res. 2007;13(3):209-14. Epub 2007 Oct 7.


In our study, we have performed a multi-parameter PCR evaluation investigating immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) and T-cell receptor gamma gene (TCRgamma) rearrangements on non-purified crude lysates of FFPE samples, in order to establish the significance of different variables on performance of PCR amplification.
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17939878 Chandrakanthan V, Chami O, Stojanov T, O'Neill C: Variable expressivity of the tumour suppressor protein TRP53 in cryopreserved human blastocysts. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2007 Oct 17;5:39.


Immediately upon thawing they were fixed in formaldehyde and subjected to immunostaining for TRP53.
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18255238 Zhen YH, Jin LJ, Guo J, Li XY, Lu YN, Chen J, Xu YP: Characterization of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Escherichia coli. Vet Microbiol. 2008 Jul 27;130(1-2):126-33. Epub 2008 Jan 3.

Specific IgY was produced by hens immunized with formaldehyde killed E. coli O111 in long-standing immunization response (titer > or =6400 for 100 days) and was isolated from yolks with a purity of 86% by water dilution, salt precipitations and ultrafiltration.
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18752546 Lumsden JS, Russell S, Huber P, Wybourne BA, Ostland VE, Minamikawa M, Ferguson HW: An immune-complex glomerulonephritis of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum). J Fish Dis. 2008 Dec;31(12):889-98.


They also had thickened glomerular basement membranes that were recognized by rabbit antiserum to rainbow trout immunoglobulin.
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19725467 Duan ZH, Lin ZS, Yao HR, Gao YH, Zhang K, Zhao SQ, Zhu ZY: Preparation of artificial antigen and egg yolk-derived immunoglobulin (IgY) of citrinin for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biomed Environ Sci. 2009 Jun;22(3):237-43.

METHODS: CTN was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVA) with formaldehyde condensation method to prepare artificial antigens and identified by ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry and Infrared (IR) spectrometry.
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19146490 Zhen YH, Jin LJ, Guo J, Li XY, Li Z, Fang R, Xu YP: Characterization of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol. 2008 Nov;105(5):1529-35.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Specific IgY was produced by immunizing hens with formaldehyde-killed Staph. aureus, using a bacterial strain known to cause mastitis.
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17525674 Chen J, Byrne GE Jr, Lossos IS: Optimization of RNA extraction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymphoid tissues. Diagn Mol Pathol. 2007 Jun;16(2):61-72.


This allows usage of paraffin specimens for molecular rescue of RNA transcripted from rearranged clonal immunoglobulin genes-an advance that may increase the eligibility of lymphoma patients for immunotherapeutic approaches.
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18190238 Svachova M, Tichy M: PCR analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain and TCR gene rearrangements in diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Neoplasma. 2008;55(1):36-41.

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17545562 Talaulikar D, Gray JX, Shadbolt B, McNiven M, Dahlstrom JE: A comparative study of the quality of DNA obtained from fresh frozen and formalin-fixed decalcified paraffin-embedded bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens using two different methods. J Clin Pathol. 2008 Jan;61(1):119-23. Epub 2007 Jun 1.


BACKGROUND: Given its prognostic value, there is renewed interest in molecular staging in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) using immunoglobulin heavy and light chain (IgH, IgL) gene rearrangements.
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