Protein Information

Name tumor necrosis factor alpha
Synonyms Cachectin; DIF; TNF; TNF alpha; TNF a; TNFA; TNFSF 2; TNFSF2…

Compound Information

Name formaldehyde
CAS formaldehyde

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17400537 Murciano C, Yanez A, Gil ML, Gozalbo D: Both viable and killed Candida albicans cells induce in vitro production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in murine cells through a TLR2-dependent signalling. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2007 Mar;18(1):38-43. Epub 2007 Mar 30.

TLR2-/- resident peritoneal macrophages showed a strong impairment of TNF-alpha production in response to viable and non-viable (heat-killed, antimycotic-treated and formaldehyde-fixed) yeasts and hyphae (germ tube-bearing cells) of the high virulence C. albicans ATCC 26555 strain, as compared with macrophages from wild-type and TLR4-/- mice.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
19553487 Hakim AW, Dong XD, Svensson P, Kumar U, Cairns BE: TNFalpha mechanically sensitizes masseter muscle afferent fibers of male rats. J Neurophysiol. 2009 Sep;102(3):1551-9. Epub 2009 Jun 24.

8(0,0,0,8) Details
18957334 Seadi Pereira PJ, Noronha Dornelles F, Santiago Santos D, Batista Calixto J, Bueno Morrone F, Campos MM: Nociceptive and inflammatory responses induced by formalin in the orofacial region of rats: effect of anti-TNFalpha strategies. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Jan;9(1):80-5. Epub 2008 Oct 26.

7(0,0,0,7) Details
18033311 Zhou Z, Peng X, Hao S, Fink DJ, Mata M: HSV-mediated transfer of interleukin-10 reduces inflammatory pain through modulation of membrane tumor necrosis factor alpha in spinal cord microglia. Gene Ther. 2008 Feb;15(3):183-90. Epub 2007 Nov 22.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
19249596 Huang FM, Lee SS, Yang SF, Chang YC: Up-regulation of receptor activator nuclear factor-kappaB ligand expression by root canal sealers in human osteoblastic cells. J Endod. 2009 Mar;35(3):363-6.


A recently identified tumor necrosis factor family molecule, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), plays a critical role in the development of osteoclasts that result in bone resorption.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19304545 Shen N, Gan XL, Pang HY, He ZQ: [Role of sodium cromoglycate in brain protection and its effects on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2009 Mar;29(3):528-30.

The animals were then sacrificed and the thalamus were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and sliced for observation under light microscope with HE staining.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18939936 Curt S, Subirade M, Rouabhia M: Production and in vitro evaluation of soy protein-based biofilms as a support for human keratinocyte and fibroblast culture. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009 Jun;15(6):1223-32.

This was supported by the high level of messenger RNA expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha by the keratinocytes and of IL-6 and IL-8 by the fibroblasts.
SPI biofilms were prepared from SPI chemically treated with formaldehyde at various concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) as cross-linking agents.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17870246 Menetski J, Mistry S, Lu M, Mudgett JS, Ransohoff RM, Demartino JA, Macintyre DE, Abbadie C: Mice overexpressing chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in astrocytes display enhanced nociceptive responses. Neuroscience. 2007 Nov 9;149(3):706-14. Epub 2007 Aug 14.


Consequently, proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha) levels were greater in skin, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and spinal cord, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) level was lower in skin and DRG in CCL2 overexpressing mice than in control mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17673148 Gao S, Liu C, Qu S, Song J, Li J, Zhang P, Wang Q, Guo C, Gao F, Zhang L: Non-cell Corynebacterium parvum generated by nanotechnology: a promising immunomodulator with less side effects. Int Immunopharmacol. 2007 Oct;7(10):1334-42. Epub 2007 Jun 19.


In present study, we compared effect of NCPP with that of CP and found: (1) NCPP with non-formaldehyde residue was easy to be absorbed without swelling and scleroma in local injected areas; (2) NCPP caused no obvious liver injury in murine and macaques; (3) NCPP maintained powerful anti-tumor activity, increased splenic index, elevated macrophage number, phagocytosis and production of hydrogen peroxide (H (2) O (2)), and nitric oxide (NO); (4) Importantly, unparallel CP, NCPP could stimulate macrophages to produce low level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) but high level of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), an inhibitor to fibrosis.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
18670089 Hwang HJ, Kim P, Kim CJ, Lee HJ, Shim I, Yin CS, Yang Y, Hahm DH: Antinociceptive effect of amygdalin isolated from Prunus armeniaca on formalin-induced pain in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Aug;31(8):1559-64.


Molecular analysis targeting c-Fos and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) also showed a significant effect of amygdalin, which matched the results of the behavioral pain analysis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details