Protein Information

Name c fos
Synonyms Cellular oncogene fos; FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral (v fos) oncogene homolog; FOS; G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 7; G0S7; Oncogene FOS; Proto oncogene protein c fos; c Fos…

Compound Information

Name formaldehyde
CAS formaldehyde

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19549515 Inan S, Dun NJ, Cowan A: Inhibitory effect of lidocaine on pain and itch using formalin-induced nociception and 5'-guanidinonaltrindole-induced scratching models in mice: behavioral and neuroanatomical evidence. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 15;616(1-3):141-6. Epub 2009 Jun 21.


We investigated if local intradermal pretreatment (at -10 min) with lidocaine N-ethyl bromide (lidocaine, 2%, 0.1 ml) antagonizes behavioral responses and prevents c-fos expression induced by pain and itch.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18499630 Koyanagi S, Himukashi S, Mukaida K, Shichino T, Fukuda K: Dopamine D2-like receptor in the nucleus accumbens is involved in the antinociceptive effect of nitrous oxide. table of contents.


To examine whether the dopaminergic system is activated by N (2) O, frozen sections of the ventral tegmental area of rats exposed to 75% N (2) O were double-stained for c-Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18343613 Liu T, Pang XY, Jiang F, Bai ZT, Ji YH: Anti-nociceptive effects induced by intrathecal injection of BmK AS, a polypeptide from the venom of Chinese-scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch, in rat formalin test. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 May 8;117(2):332-8. Epub 2008 Feb 12.


The suppression by intrathecal injection of BmK AS on formalin-induced spontaneous nociceptive behaviors and spinal c-Fos expression were investigated.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17430619 Svendsen O, Kok L, Lauritzen B: Nociception after intraperitoneal injection of a sodium pentobarbitone formulation with and without lidocaine in rats quantified by expression of neuronal c-fos in the spinal cord--a preliminary study. Lab Anim. 2007 Apr;41(2):197-203.

After 3 h, the animals were re-anaesthetized and perfused with 4% formaldehyde, and the spinal cord was collected and processed by immunohistochemistry for stereological quantification of the number of neurones with c-fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI).
8(0,0,1,3) Details
19462165 Sugiyo S, Uehashi D, Satoh F, Abe T, Yonehara N, Kobayashi M, Takemura M: Effects of systemic bicuculline or morphine on formalin-evoked pain-related behaviour and c-Fos expression in trigeminal nuclei after formalin injection into the lip or tongue in rats. Eur J Pain. 2009 Aug;13(7):691-703. Epub 2008 Oct 19.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
19675733 Asma Hayati A, Zalina I, Myo T, Che Badariah AA, Azhar A, Idris L: Modulation of formalin-induced Fos-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord by swim stress-induced analgesia, morphine and ketamine. Ger Med Sci. 2008 Jun 30;6:Doc05.

Induction of c-fos in the spinal cord due to pain is well established.
Dilute formalin (Formaldehyde, Merck) was injected to the hindpaw and the formalin score recorded.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18938093 Popp L, Haussler A, Olliges A, Nusing R, Narumiya S, Geisslinger G, Tegeder I: Comparison of nociceptive behavior in prostaglandin E, F, D, prostacyclin and thromboxane receptor knockout mice. Mol Pain. 2009 Jul 6;5:38.


This was accompanied with reduced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the spinal cord dorsal horn in EP3 knockouts.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19013506 Kim H, Shim I, Yi SH, Lee H, Lim HS, Hahm DH: Warm needle acupuncture at Pungsi (GB31) has an enhanced analgesic effect on formalin-induced pain in rats. Brain Res Bull. 2009 Mar 16;78(4-5):164-9. Epub 2008 Nov 14.


We evaluated the analgesic effect of WNA treatment on formalin-induced pain behavior and c-Fos expression in the spinal cord of rats.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19243685 Zhang J, Cheng H, Chen J, Yi F, Li W, Luan R, Guo W, Lv A, Rao Z, Wang H: Involvement of activated astrocyte and microglia of locus coeruleus in cardiac pain processing after acute cardiac injury. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jun;106(6):1904-9.


Afterward, we analysed c-Fos, OX42, GFAP and P2X (4) R expression levels in the LC of the rats by immunofluorescence staining or Western blot analysis.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18292448 Lee IO, Seo Y: The effects of intrathecal cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, or nonselective inhibitors on pain behavior and spinal Fos-like immunoreactivity. Anesth Analg. 2008 Mar;106(3):972-7


We examined the role of intrathecal selective and nonspecific COX inhibitors on spinal C-Fos expression.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17826802 Lin YR, Chen HH, Ko CH, Chan MH: Effects of honokiol and magnolol on acute and inflammatory pain models in mice. Exp Brain Res. 2009 Jun;196(2):229-37. Epub 2009 May 22.


The effects of honokiol and magnolol on the formalin-induced c-Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn as well as motor coordination and cognitive function were examined.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19389046 Cheng W, Yin Q, Zeng YM, Wang S, Chen HS, Feng T: Effects of intrathecal injection of nicotine on the analgesic effects of isoflurane in a model of inflammatory pain. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009 Aug;105(2):120-5. Epub 2009 Mar 16.


The effects of isoflurane and nicotine on paw licking times and formalin-induced c-fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn were examined.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17544458 Palkovits M, Deli MA, Gallatz K, Toth ZE, Buzas E, Falus A: Highly activated c-fos expression in specific brain regions (ependyma, circumventricular organs, choroid plexus) of histidine decarboxylase deficient mice in response to formalin-induced acute pain. Neuropharmacology. 2007 Jul;53(1):101-12. Epub 2007 Apr 29.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
19580660 Roussy G, Dansereau MA, Baudisson S, Ezzoubaa F, Belleville K, Beaudet N, Martinez J, Richelson E, Sarret P: Evidence for a role of NTS2 receptors in the modulation of tonic pain sensitivity. Neurol Res. 2009 May;31(4):432-8. Epub 2009 Feb 25.


With resolution at the single-cell level, we also found that activation of spinal NTS2 receptors reduced formalin-induced c-fos expression in dorsal horn neurons.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18417706 Pezet S, Marchand F, D'Mello R, Grist J, Clark AK, Malcangio M, Dickenson AH, Williams RJ, McMahon SB: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is a key mediator of central sensitization in painful inflammatory conditions. J Neurosci. 2008 Apr 16;28(16):4261-70.


In addition, we observed a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B, decreased translocation to the plasma membrane of the GluR1 (glutamate receptor 1) AMPA receptor subunit in the spinal cord, and a reduction of evoked neuronal activity as measured using c-Fos immunohistochemistry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18201833 Staples LG, McGregor IS, Apfelbach R, Hunt GE: Cat odor, but not trimethylthiazoline (fox odor), activates accessory olfactory and defense-related brain regions in rats. Neuroscience. 2008 Feb 19;151(4):937-47. Epub 2007 Dec 4.

Recent studies suggest that these odorants have distinct behavioral effects, raising questions as to whether TMT is a true "predator odor." Here we used c-Fos immunohistochemistry to compare patterns of neural activation produced by cat odor and TMT.
Rats were exposed to either (1) three pieces of a collar that had been worn by a domestic cat, (2) three collar pieces impregnated with TMT (30 microl/piece), (3) three collar pieces impregnated with 4% formaldehyde (200 microl/piece, an acrid but non-predatory odor), or (4) three control (no odor) collar pieces.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18670089 Hwang HJ, Kim P, Kim CJ, Lee HJ, Shim I, Yin CS, Yang Y, Hahm DH: Antinociceptive effect of amygdalin isolated from Prunus armeniaca on formalin-induced pain in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Aug;31(8):1559-64.


Molecular analysis targeting c-Fos and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) also showed a significant effect of amygdalin, which matched the results of the behavioral pain analysis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18182046 Roussy G, Dansereau MA, Dore-Savard L, Belleville K, Beaudet N, Richelson E, Sarret P: Spinal NTS1 receptors regulate nociceptive signaling in a rat formalin tonic pain model. J Neurochem. 2008 May;105(4):1100-14. Epub 2007 Dec 25.


Accordingly, NTS1 agonists markedly suppressed pain-evoked c-fos expression in the superficial, nucleus proprius and neck regions of the spinal dorsal horn.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17426605 Fu ES, Zhang YP, Sagen J, Yang ZQ, Bethea JR: Transgenic glial nuclear factor-kappa B inhibition decreases formalin pain in mice. Neuroreport. 2007 May 7;18(7):713-7.


Formalin increased spinal cord c-Fos expression and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining in both wild-type and transgenic mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18248901 Lee AT, Shah JJ, Li L, Cheng Y, Moore PK, Khanna S: A nociceptive-intensity-dependent role for hydrogen sulphide in the formalin model of persistent inflammatory pain. Neuroscience. 2008 Mar 3;152(1):89-96.


Furthermore, PPG pretreatment attenuated the induction of c-Fos in spinal laminae I-II following injection of 5% formalin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details