Protein Information

Name neuropathy target esterase
Synonyms NTE; SWS; Neuropathy target esterase; Neurotoxic esterase; PNPLA 6; patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6; Neuropathy target esterases…

Compound Information

Name dichlorvos
CAS 2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl phosphate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8065512 Mehl A, Schanke TM, Johnsen BA, Fonnum F: The effect of trichlorfon and other organophosphates on prenatal brain development in the guinea pig. Neurochem Res. 1994 May;19(5):569-74.


The organophosphates trichlorfon, dichlorvos, dimethoate, soman, triortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), and the diethoxy-analogue of trichlorfon (O,O-diethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate, ethyl-trichlorfon), were administered to guinea pigs between day 42 and 46 of gestation.
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10509429 Abdelsalam EB: Neurotoxic potential of six organophosphorus compounds in adult hens. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1999 Oct;41(5):290-2.

The neurotoxic potential of trichlorfon, diazinon, phosmet, dichlorvos, phosphamidon and coumaphos was evaluated for their ability to inhibit brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity in adult hens.
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7302988 Caroldi S, Lotti M: Delayed neurotoxicity caused by a single massive dose of dichlorvos to adult hens. Toxicol Lett. 1981 Oct;9(2):157-9.

A moderate neuropathic response was obtained in hens 2 weeks after being given a single massive s.c. dose of dichlorvos (100 mg/kg of active ingredient in a commercial 50% formulation). 1 day after dosing inhibition of neurotoxic esterase in peripheral nerve was 79-90%, in spinal cord 70-81% and in brain 89-92%.
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7344417 Johnson MK: Delayed neurotoxicity - do trichlorphon and/or dichlorvos cause delayed neuropathy in man or in test animals?. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1981;49 Suppl 5:87-98.

In vitro the inhibitory power of dichlorvos against neurotoxic esterase of hen brain is 0.02 x the power against acetylcholinesterase.
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7713347 Ehrich M, Jortner BS, Padilla S: Comparison of the relative inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase in rats and hens given cholinesterase inhibitors. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995 Jan;24(1):94-101.

Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE, neurotoxic esterase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities was compared in brain and spinal cords of adult While Leghorn hens and adult male Long Evan rats 4-48 hr after administration of triortho-tolyl phosphate (TOTP po, 50-500 mg/kg to hens; 300-1000 mg/kg to rats), phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP im 0.1-2.5 mg/kg to hens; 5-24 mg/kg to rats), mipafox (3-30 mg/kg ip to hens and rats), diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP sc, 0.25-1.0 mg/kg to hens; 1-3 mg/kg to rats), dichlorvos (5-60 mg/kg ip to hens; 600-2000 mg/kg to rats), and carbaryl (300-560 mg/kg ip to hens; 30-170 mg/kg to rats).
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11705460 Choudhary S, Gill KD: Protective effect of nimodipine on dichlorvos-induced delayed neurotoxicity in rat brain (1). Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Nov 1;62(9):1265-72.

The delayed neurotoxic potential of dichlorvos was assessed in terms of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) inhibition in the brain and the subsequent development of motor incoordination at 21 days post-exposure.
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9586870 Sarin S, Gill KD: Biochemical and behavioral deficits in adult rat following chronic dichlorvos exposure. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Apr;59(4):1081-6.

Dichlorvos administration significantly decreased the activities of neuropathy target esterase and other carboxylesterase viz., paraoxon resistant and mipafox and paraoxon resistant esterases.
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9268605 Ehrich M, Correll L, Veronesi B: Acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase inhibitions in neuroblastoma cells to distinguish organophosphorus compounds causing acute and delayed neurotoxicity. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Jul;38(1):55-63.

Inhibition of AChE was greater than inhibition of NTE, without overlap of the concentration-response curves, for OPs which are more likely to cause acute, rather than delayed, neurotoxic effects in vivo (e.g., chlorpyrifos-oxon, dichlorvos, and trichlorfon).
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3952739 Schwab BW, Richardson RJ: Lymphocyte and brain neurotoxic esterase: dose and time dependence of inhibition in the hen examined with three organophosphorus esters. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Mar 30;83(1):1-9.

Diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon), tri-2-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), methyl 2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenyl phenylphosphonothionate (leptophos), and di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (di-n-butyl dichlorvos, DBDCV) were used to examine the relationship between lymphocyte and brain NTE inhibition in hens.
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8779279 Makhaeva GF, Filonenko IV, Malygin VV: [A comparative study of the interaction of phosphoric acid dichlorovinyl esters with a neurotoxic esterase from the brain of hens and rats]. Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol. 1995 Jul-Aug;31(4):396-403.

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2619560 Moretto A, Lotti M, Spencer PS: In vivo and in vitro regional differential sensitivity of neuropathy target esterase to di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate. Arch Toxicol. 1989;63(6):469-73.

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3351976 Robertson DG, Mattson AM, Bestervelt LL, Richardson RJ, Anderson RJ: Time course of electrophysiologic effects induced by di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DBCV) in the adult hen. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;23(3):283-94.


These data suggest that electrophysiologic deficits occur before clinical signs of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and may be indicative of a link between neurotoxic esterase (NTE) inhibition and onset of overt clinical toxicity.
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10706244 Huggins DJ, Richardson RJ: Brainstem axolemmal protein phosphorylation in vitro in hens dosed with di-1-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 Feb 26;56(4):263-82.

Neuropathy target esterase (neurotoxic esterase, NTE), a protein thought to be involved in the production of organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN), has been postulated to be a component of endogenous neuronal protein phosphorylation systems.
White Leghorn hens were dosed with the neuropathic compounds di-1-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (dibutyl dichlorvos, DBDCV), tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), or acrylamide, and regions from brain were fractionated into axolemmal, synaptosomal, and microsomal preparations.
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1412529 Moretto A, Capodicasa E, Lotti M: Clinical expression of organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy in rats. Toxicol Lett. 1992 Oct;63(1):97-102.


Clinical effects correlate with inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) which is considered the target for this toxicity.
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2444671 Moretto A, Lotti M, Sabri MI, Spencer PS: Progressive deficit of retrograde axonal transport is associated with the pathogenesis of di-n-butyl dichlorvos axonopathy. J Neurochem. 1987 Nov;49(5):1515-22.

The induction of central-peripheral distal axonopathy in hens singly dosed with some organophosphorus (OP) compounds, such as di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DBDCVP), requires greater than 80% organophosphorylation and subsequent intramolecular rearrangement ("aging") of a protein [neuropathy target esterase (NTE)] in the axon.
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12619790 Sevim S, Aktekin M, Dogu O, Ozturk H, Ertas M: Late onset polyneuropathy due to organophosphate (DDVP) intoxication. Can J Neurol Sci. 2003 Feb;30(1):75-8.


This syndrome is due to inhibition of neuropathy target esterase.
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8381002 Peraica M, Capodicasa E, Moretto A, Lotti M: Organophosphate polyneuropathy in chicks. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Jan 7;45(1):131-5.


Young animals are resistant to organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDP), although biochemical changes on Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE) caused by neuropathic organophosphorus esters (OP) are similar to those observed in the sensitive hen.
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2018554 Moretto A, Capodicasa E, Peraica M, Lotti M: Age sensitivity to organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Biochem Pharmacol. 1991 May 15;41(10):1497-504.


The putative target protein in the nervous system for initiation of OPIDP in the adult hen is an enzyme called Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE), which is dissected by selective inhibitors among nervous tissue esterases hydrolysing phenyl valerate (PV).
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16042503 Lotti M, Moretto A: Organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy. . Toxicol Rev. 2005;24(1):37-49.

Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is thought to be the target of OPIDP initiation.
In this article, we mainly discuss OP pesticide poisoning, particularly when caused by chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, isofenphos, methamidophos, mipafox, trichlorfon, trichlornat, phosphamidon/mevinphos and by certain carbamates.
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