Protein Information

Name superoxide dismutase
Synonyms IPO B; Indophenoloxidase B; MNSOD; Manganese superoxide dismutase; Manganese containing superoxide dismutase; Mangano superoxide dismutase; Mn superoxide dismutase; Mn SOD…

Compound Information

Name copper sulfate
CAS sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9199613 Mattsson C, Marklund SL, Hellstrom S: Application of oxygen free radical scavengers to diminish the occurrence of myringosclerosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1997 Jun;106(6):513-8.

The results showed that treatment with copper zinc-superoxide dismutase plus catalase and deferoxamine inhibited or reduced the development of myringosclerosis, whereas the ears treated with copper sulfate plus iron chloride appeared unaffected.
37(0,1,2,2) Details
11470327 Alcaraz-Zubeldia M, Montes S, Rios C: Participation of manganese-superoxide dismutase in the neuroprotection exerted by copper sulfate against 1-methyl 4-phenylpyridinium neurotoxicity. Brain Res Bull. 2001 May 15;55(2):277-9.
10(0,0,1,5) Details
2820500 Huber KR, Sridhar R, Griffith EH, Amma EL, Roberts J: Superoxide dismutase-like activities of copper (II) complexes tested in serum. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Sep 24;915(2):267-76.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
16828944 Wu ZX, Gan NQ, Huang Q, Song LR: Response of microcystis to copper stress: do phenotypes of microcystis make a difference in stress tolerance?. Environ Pollut. 2007 May;147(2):324-30. Epub 2006 Jul 7.

Upon exposure to 0.25 mgl (-1) copper sulfate, the activities of antioxidative enzyme, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were significantly increased in colonial Microcystis compared to unicellular Microcystis.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
14556383 Jouili H, el Ferjani E: Changes in antioxidant and lignifying enzyme activities in sunflower roots (Helianthus annuus L.) stressed with copper excess. C R Biol. 2003 Jul;326(7):639-44.


SOD (superoxide dismutase, EC 1.15.1.1) activity was reduced but CAT (catalase, EC 1.11.1.6) and GPX (guaiacol peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7) activities were significantly enhanced.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8400082 Keane WF, O'Donnell MP, Kasiske BL, Kim Y: Oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins by mesangial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1993 Aug;4(2):187-94.

This peroxidation of LDL involved superoxide, because superoxide dismutase and butylated hydroxytoluene prevented it, whereas hydroxyl radical scavengers were without effect.
Native LDL subjected to chemical oxidation by copper sulfate also inhibited mesangial cell proliferation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1554379 Pelletier O, Hill I, Birnboim HC: Inhibition by superoxide dismutase-mimetic copper complexes of phorbol ester-induced respiratory burst in human granulocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Mar 3;43(5):1061-6.

Similar inhibitory effects were seen using copper sulfate.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8485631 Berman RS, Martin W: Arterial endothelial barrier dysfunction: actions of homocysteine and the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase free radical generating system. Br J Pharmacol. 1993 Apr;108(4):920-6.


The increase in albumin transfer induced by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase was abolished by catalase (3 u ml-1), reduced by allopurinol (4 mM), but unaffected by superoxide dismutase (6000 u ml-1), the hydroxyl radical scavengers, mannitol (15 mM), dimethylthiourea (10 mM) and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (1 mM), the iron chelator, deferoxamine (0.5 mM), ferric chloride (50 microM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, NG-nitro-L-arginine (30 microM), or the antioxidant, dithiothreitol (3 mM). 4.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1953187 Lenskaia EG, Tazhibaev ShS, Karsybekova NM, Alekseeva NR, Sarbaev VT: [Alimentary methods of maintaining the superoxide dismutase activity in the tissues of rats during growth of a transplanted tumor and administration of carminomycin]. Antibiot Khimioter. 1991 Jul;36(7):32-4.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
3435476 Dameron CT, Harris ED: Regulation of aortic CuZn-superoxide dismutase with copper. Biochem J. 1987 Dec 15;248(3):663-8.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
9016830 Ossola JO, Groppa MD, Tomaro ML: Relationship between oxidative stress and heme oxygenase induction by copper sulfate. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Jan 15;337(2):332-7.

To evaluate liver antioxidant enzymatic defenses, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were determined.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8213346 Sordelli DO, Fontan PA, Amura CR: Piroxicam-copper complexes: inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration to Pseudomonas aeruginosa chemotactins in vivo and superoxide dismutase-like activity in vitro. Agents Actions. 1993 Mar;38(3-4):196-201.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
8639607 Schultz JR, Ellerby LM, Gralla EB, Valentine JS, Clarke CF: Autoxidation of ubiquinol-6 is independent of superoxide dismutase. . Biochemistry. 1996 May 28;35(21):6595-603.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
1649087 Kohen R, Misgav R, Ginsburg I: The SOD like activity of copper:carnosine, copper:anserine and copper:homocarnosine complexes. Free Radic Res Commun. 1991;12-13 Pt 1:179-85.


We have studied the ability of the copper:carnosine (and other carnosine derivatives) complexes to act as superoxide dismutase.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
2774578 DiSilvestro RA: Copper activation of superoxide dismutase in rat erythrocytes. . Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Oct;274(1):298-303.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
12899943 Santamaria A, Flores-Escartin A, Martinez JC, Osorio L, Galvan-Arzate S, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Maldonado PD, Medina-Campos ON, Jimenez-Capdeville ME, Manjarrez J, Rios C: Copper blocks quinolinic acid neurotoxicity in rats: contribution of antioxidant systems. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Aug 15;35(4):418-27.


In addition, copper reduced the QUIN-induced decreased striatal activity of Cu,Zn-dependent superoxide dismutase, and increased the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin in cerebrospinal fluid from QUIN-treated rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14513838 Lombardo MF, Ciriolo MR, Rotilio G, Rossi L: Prolonged copper depletion induces expression of antioxidants and triggers apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Aug;60(8):1733-43.

Mitochondrial antioxidants (Mn superoxide dismutase and Bcl-2) were up-regulated.
The addition of copper sulfate to the copper-depleted cells restored copper enzymes, normalized antioxidant levels and improved cell viability.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3934352 Uauy R, Castillo-Duran C, Fisberg M, Fernandez N, Valenzuela A: Red cell superoxide dismutase activity as an index of human copper nutrition. J Nutr. 1985 Dec;115(12):1650-5.

Nine served as controls receiving a copper sulfate supplement (80 micrograms/kg daily for 120 d; eight received a placebo and were supplemented only if plasma copper levels dropped below 90 micrograms/dl or on d 90 for at least 30 d.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3094197 Wallace KB: Nonenzymatic oxygen activation and stimulation of lipid peroxidation by doxorubicin-copper. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Oct;86(1):69-79.


Associated with these changes was a copper-dependent consumption of dissolved oxygen and a superoxide dismutase-sensitive reduction of ferricytochrome c, suggesting the liberation of superoxide free radicals.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15340235 Fukaya Y, Yamaguchi M: Regucalcin increases superoxide dismutase activity in rat liver cytosol. . Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Sep;27(9):1444-6.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
12832419 Bertinato J, L'Abbe MR: Copper modulates the degradation of copper chaperone for Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase by the 26 S proteosome. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 12;278(37):35071-8. Epub 2003 Jun 27.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
10416023 Schultz JR, Clarke CF: Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ubiquinone-deficient mutants. Biofactors. 1999;9(2-4):121-9.


Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased and catalase activity increased in both Q-deficient and atp2 delta mutants compared to wild-type cells, suggesting that such changes result from the loss of respiration rather than the lack of Q.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18021535 Wan XH, Li YW, Luo XP: [Curcumin attenuated the lipid peroxidation and apoptotic liver injury in copper-overloaded rats]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2007 Aug;45(8):604-8.

Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in liver homogenates were measured to reflect the copper induced lipid peroxidation.
Copper-overloaded rat model was established by feeding with forage containing 1 g/kg copper sulfate and water with 0.185% copper sulfate for 8 weeks or 12 weeks.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16023296 Gupta SC, Siddique HR, Saxena DK, Chowdhuri DK: Hazardous effect of organophosphate compound, dichlorvos in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ): induction of hsp70, anti-oxidant enzymes and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Aug 30;1725(1):81-92.


Third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster transgenic for hsp70 were exposed to 0.1 to 100.0 ppb dichlorvos and 5.0 mM CuSO (4) (an inducer of oxidative stress and stress genes) and hsp70, and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) product were measured.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17703862 Hseu YC, Chang WH, Chen CS, Liao JW, Huang CJ, Lu FJ, Chia YC, Hsu HK, Wu JJ, Yang HL: Antioxidant activities of Toona Sinensis leaves extracts using different antioxidant models. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jan;46(1):105-14. Epub 2007 Jul 16.


Furthermore, AAPH-induced oxidative hemolysis, lipid peroxidation, and decline in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in human erythrocytes were prevented by both the TS extracts and the gallic acid.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12768346 Raeymaekers T, Potters G, Asard H, Guisez Y, Horemans N: Copper-mediated oxidative burst in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Protoplasma. 2003 May;221(1-2):93-100.


Superoxide dismutase (5 U/ml) induced an increase in H (2) O (2) production by 22.2%.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3784221 Asano R, Hokari S: Hemolysis of bovine erythrocytes induced by copper and its relationship to superoxide dismutase activity. Nippon Juigaku Zasshi. 1986 Oct;48(5):887-91.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
15303382 Kvietkauskaite R, Dringeliene A, Markevicius A, Siaurys A, Acaite J: Effect of low copper exposure on the antioxidant system and some immune parameters. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2004 Aug;46(4):169-72.

Low-level copper excess was produced in male BALB/c mice by oral supplementation of copper sulfate solution during a 19-w period.
Chronic copper impaired the liver antioxidant defense system by decreasing activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and catalase to 14% and 11% respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12512603 Yost GP, Arthington JD, McDowell LR, Martin FG, Wilkinson NS, Swenson CK: Effect of copper source and level on the rate and extent of copper repletion in Holstein heifers. J Dairy Sci. 2002 Dec;85(12):3297-303.


Red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher (P < 0.001) in heifers receiving CuSO4 than Availa-Cu (0.98 vs 0.87 U).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3673601 Dimitrova D, Radonova N, Ivancheva E, Russanov E: The hemolytic effect of copper complexes with different ligands. . Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg. 1987;13(2):48-53.


The hemolysis greatly decreased in the presence of chelator of Cu (I) and superoxide dismutase, which suggested oxi-reduction transitions and participation of superoxide in the process.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19523602 Upadhyay RK, Panda SK: Copper-induced growth inhibition, oxidative stress and ultrastructural alterations in freshly grown water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.). C R Biol. 2009 Jul;332(7):623-32. Epub 2009 Apr 29.

The effects of increasing concentrations of copper on the growth, ultra-structure and on certain biochemical parameters of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) were investigated under controlled conditions in the nutrient solutions containing increased copper sulfate concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 microM.
The antioxidant enzymes, viz., peroxidase (POX, E.C.1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT, E.C.1.11.1.6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, E.C.1.15.1.1) showed significant variation with the increase in lipid peroxidation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15908724 Tsiskarishvili N: [Cuprum sulfate and vitix in the treatment of vitiligo in children] . Georgian Med News. 2005 Apr;(121):48-51.


The effect of this preparation is based on melon's extract rich in antioxidants (catalases and superoxide dismutase).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19618744 Stolyar OB, Myhayliv RL, Mischuk OV: The concentration-specific response of metallothioneins in copper-loading freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea. Ukr Biokhim Zh. 2005;77(6):68-72.


It was accompanied with Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16364055 Murakami K, Ohara Y, Haneda M, Tsubouchi R, Yoshino M: Prooxidant action of hinokitiol: hinokitiol-iron dependent generation of reactive oxygen species. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Dec;97(6):392-4.


The inactivation of aconitase was iron-dependent, and prevented by TEMPOL, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and superoxide dismutase, suggesting that the hinokitiol/iron-mediated generation of superoxide anion is responsible for the inactivation of aconitase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17701079 Sharma MC, Joshi C, Das G: Therapeutic management of copper deficiency in buffalo heifers: impact on immune function. Vet Res Commun. 2008 Jan;32(1):49-63. Epub 2007 Aug 14.


Similarly, significant improvement in superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells was observed at the 30th day, and in total leukocytes and whole blood at the 60th day in group A animals.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19685012 Arredondo M, Nunez H, Lopez G, Pizarro F, Ayala M, Araya M: Influence of Estrogens on Copper Indicators: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 Aug 14.

Participants received 8 mg Cu/day (as copper sulfate) during 6 months.
Serum Cp and Cu, Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase activity, liver function indicators [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)], and serum Fe and Zn concentrations were measured monthly.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11166292 Nelli S, McIntosh L, Martin W: Role of copper ions and cytochrome P450 in the vasodilator actions of the nitroxyl anion generator, Angeli's salt, on rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Feb 2;412(3):281-9.


Copper sulphate enhanced relaxation to Angeli's salt and SNAP but this resulted from reduced destruction of nitric oxide by superoxide rather than from enhanced generation of nitric oxide, since it was mimicked by superoxide dismutase and by the superoxide dismutase mimetic, MnCl2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15924928 Sharma MC, Joshi C, Pathak NN, Kaur H: Copper status and enzyme, hormone, vitamin and immune function in heifers. Res Vet Sci. 2005 Oct;79(2):113-23. Epub 2005 Mar 4.


Similarly significant improvement in superoxide dismutase activity in RBC was observed at the 30th day, and WBC and whole blood at 60th day in group A animals.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17728190 Garcia Sampaio F, de Lima Boijink C, Tie Oba E, Romagueira Bichara dos Santos L, Lucia Kalinin A, Tadeu Rantin F: Antioxidant defenses and biochemical changes in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in response to single and combined copper and hypoxia exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;147(1):43-51. Epub 2007 Aug 1.


The exposure to 0.4Cu increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver, accompanied by increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreases in catalase (CAT) activity, showing the influence of copper in this protection.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10629812 Rabiansky PA, McDowell LR, Velasquez-Pereira J, Wilkinson NS, Percival SS, Martin FG, Bates DB, Johnson AB, Batra TR, Salgado-Madriz E: Evaluating copper lysine and copper sulfate sources for heifers. J Dairy Sci. 1999 Dec;82(12):2642-50.

In addition to performance, concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Zn in the plasma and liver, plasma ceruloplasmin, hemoglobin, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and a cell mediated immune response (phytohemagglutinin-P, PHA) were measured.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16799863 Murakami K, Ishida K, Watakabe K, Tsubouchi R, Haneda M, Yoshino M: Prooxidant action of maltol: role of transition metals in the generation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in DNA. Biometals. 2006 Jun;19(3):253-7.


Oxidation of ascorbic acid by CuSO (4) was effectively stimulated by addition of maltol, and the enhanced oxidation rate was markedly inhibited by the addition of catalase and superoxide dismutase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3528599 Sugiyama E, Iwata M, Yamashita N, Yoshikawa T, Maruyama M, Yano S: Immunosuppression by captopril in vitro: inhibition of human natural killer activity by copper-dependent generation of hydrogen peroxide. Jpn J Med. 1986 May;25(2):149-54.


However, in the presence of copper sulfate, captopril inhibited the NK activity in a dose-response fashion.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
1512757 Eguchi K, Kawakami A, Ida H, Nakashima M, Yamashita I, Sakai M, Shimada H, Terada K, Fukuda T, Ishimaru T, et al.: Bucillamine inhibits T cell adhesion to human endothelial cells. . J Rheumatol. 1992 Jul;19(7):1045-50.


Addition of copper sulfate to bucillamine decreased significantly the percent T cell adhesion to the EC compared with bucillamine alone.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
7721909 Eldad A, Wisoki M, Cohen H, Breiterman S, Chaouat M, Wexler MR, Ben-Bassat H: Phosphorous burns: evaluation of various modalities for primary treatment. J Burn Care Rehabil. 1995 Jan-Feb;16(1):49-55.


Our previous studies demonstrated deleterious effects of copper sulfate.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8223958 Torii Y, Mutoh M, Saito H, Matsuki N: Involvement of free radicals in cisplatin-induced emesis in Suncus murinus. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Aug 2;248(2):131-5.


However, MPG did not block the emesis induced by copper sulfate (40 mg/kg, p.o.), veratrine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or serotonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
3261590 Matsubara T, Hirohata K: Suppression of human fibroblast proliferation by D-penicillamine and copper sulfate in vitro. Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Aug;31(8):964-72.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
9166989 Napoli C, Triggiani M, Palumbo G, Condorelli M, Chiariello M, Ambrosio G: Glycosylation enhances oxygen radical-induced modifications and decreases acetylhydrolase activity of human low density lipoprotein. Basic Res Cardiol. 1997 Apr;92(2):96-105.


Parallel experiments were done in the presence of the superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD; 330 U/ml), the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase (1000 U/ml), or the hydroxyl radical scavenger dimethylthiourea (10 mM) or dimethylsulfoxide (1 mM).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19665240 Wu TM, Hsu YT, Sung MS, Hsu YT, Lee TM: Expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense in a marine macroalga Ulva fasciata by excess copper. Aquat Toxicol. 2009 Oct 4;94(4):275-85. Epub 2009 Jul 19.


Phycologia 47, 346-360] were cloned and their expression was compared to superoxide dismutase (UfMnsod and UfFesod), ascorbate peroxidase (UfApx), glutathione reductase (UfGr), and catalase (UfCat).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15836927 Qian Y, Zheng Y, Abraham L, Ramos KS, Tiffany-Castiglioni E: Differential profiles of copper-induced ROS generation in human neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2005 Apr 4;134(2):323-32. Epub 2005 Jan 13.


Differences in Cu-induced ROS between two cell lines paralleled superoxide dismutase (SOD)-catalase expression as detected by Western blot analysis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11003114 Zhang SS, Noordin MM, Rahman SO, Haron J: Effects of copper overload on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in rats. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2000 Oct;42(5):261-4.


Malondialdehyde (MDA), Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Se-glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in serum and liver homogenate at 2, 4 and 8 w of dosing.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9093389 Kimura T, Nishioka H: Intracellular generation of superoxide by copper sulphate in Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1997 Mar 17;389(2-3):237-42.


E. coli strain lacking either superoxide dismutases or oxidative DNA repair enzymes was hypersensitive to killing by CuSO4.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14962827 Mao W, Qin F, Iwai C, Vulapalli R, Keng PC, Liang CS: Extracellular norepinephrine reduces neuronal uptake of norepinephrine by oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Jul;287(1):H29-39. Epub 2004 Feb 12.


In addition, the free-radical scavenger mannitol, and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, reduced oxidative stress and attenuated the reductions of NE uptake activity and NET protein produced by NE/Cu.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6284041 Russanov EM, Ljutakova SG, Leutchev SI: Effect of CuSO4 and Cu (II)(Gly) 2 on some indirect assays for superoxide dismutase activity. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1982 Apr 15;215(1):222-9.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
17916969 Feng J, Ma WQ, Gu ZL, Wang YZ, Liu JX: Effects of dietary copper (II) sulfate and copper proteinate on performance and blood indexes of copper status in growing pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2007 Winter;120(1-3):171-8.


160 crossbred (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire) gilts averaged 21.25 kg body weight were used to study the effects of dietary copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) and copper proteinate (Cu-Pr) on growth performance, plasma Cu concentration, ceruloplasmin activity, and erythrocyte Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12722182 Hernandez-Saavedra NY: Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase in Rhodotorula and Udeniomyces spp. isolated from sea water: cloning and sequencing the encoding region. Yeast. 2003 Apr 30;20(6):479-92.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
10816044 Fernandes AR, Prieto M, Sa-Correia I: Modification of plasma membrane lipid order and H+-ATPase activity as part of the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to cultivation under mild and high copper stress. Arch Microbiol. 2000 Apr;173(4):262-8.


The adaptive mechanisms examined in this study included the coordinate increase in the activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (up to five-fold), glutathione reductase (up to 1.7-fold), and plasma membrane H+-ATPase (up to three-fold).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9172377 Matsuo T, Ooe S, Ishikawa Y: Limitation of dietary copper and zinc decreases superoxide dismutase activity in the onion fly, Delia antiqua. Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol. 1997 Jun;117(2):191-5.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
20213433 Sampaio FG, de Lima Boijink C, Dos Santos LR, Oba ET, Kalinin AL, Rantin FT: The combined effect of copper and low pH on antioxidant defenses and biochemical parameters in neotropical fish pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887). Ecotoxicology. 2010 Mar 6.

Copper sulfate is widely used in aquaculture.
In liver and red muscle, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) was responsive to the increases in the aquatic copper.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11299314 Paris I, Dagnino-Subiabre A, Marcelain K, Bennett LB, Caviedes P, Caviedes R, Azar CO, Segura-Aguilar J: Copper neurotoxicity is dependent on dopamine-mediated copper uptake and one-electron reduction of aminochrome in a rat substantia nigra neuronal cell line. J Neurochem. 2001 Apr;77(2):519-29.

Copper sulfate (1 m M) alone was not toxic to RCSN-3 cells, but was when combined with dopamine or with dicoumarol (95% toxicity; p < 0.001) which inhibits DPNH and TPNH (DT)-diaphorase.
A decrease in the expression of CuZn-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase mRNA was observed when RCSN-3 cells were treated with CuSO (4), dopamine, or CuSO (4) and dopamine.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12782727 Shikanai T, Muller-Moule P, Munekage Y, Niyogi KK, Pilon M: PAA1, a P-type ATPase of Arabidopsis, functions in copper transport in chloroplasts. Plant Cell. 2003 Jun;15(6):1333-46.


Cu transport into chloroplasts provides the cofactor for the stromal enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) and for the thylakoid lumen protein plastocyanin, which functions in photosynthetic electron transport from the cytochrome b (6) f complex to photosystem I.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16261369 Fujimori T, Yamada S, Yasui H, Sakurai H, In Y, Ishida T: Orally active antioxidative copper (II) aspirinate: synthesis, structure characterization, superoxide scavenging activity, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidative evaluations. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2005 Dec;10(8):831-41. Epub 2005 Oct 28.


Ever since it was proposed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogeneses of various diseases, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic complexes have been intensively studied.
1(0,0,0,1) Details