Protein Information

Name apolipoprotein B
Synonyms APOB; APOB100; APOB48; Apo B 100; Apolipoprotein B; Apolipoprotein B 100; Apolipoprotein B 100 precursor; FHBL…

Compound Information

Name copper sulfate
CAS sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
14505812 Sarandol E, Serdar Z, Dirican M, Safak O: Effects of red wine consumption on serum paraoxonase/arylesterase activities and on lipoprotein oxidizability in healthy-men. J Nutr Biochem. 2003 Sep;14(9):507-12.

There was a reduced susceptibility of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins to copper-sulfate induced oxidation after red wine consumption (P < 0.01).
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8475928 Chait A, Brazg RL, Tribble DL, Krauss RM: Susceptibility of small, dense, low-density lipoproteins to oxidative modification in subjects with the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, pattern B. Am J Med. 1993 Apr;94(4):350-6.

Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, apolipoprotein B, mean LDL particle diameter, lag phase, and rate of oxidation after initiation of oxidation by copper sulfate were measured.
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1373074 Keidar S, Brook GJ, Rosenblat M, Fuhrman B, Dankner G, Aviram M: Involvement of the macrophage low density lipoprotein receptor-binding domains in the uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992 Apr;12(4):484-93.


Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) directed against several epitopes along the apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) molecule were used.
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17549798 Obama T, Kato R, Masuda Y, Takahashi K, Aiuchi T, Itabe H: Analysis of modified apolipoprotein B-100 structures formed in oxidized low-density lipoprotein using LC-MS/MS. Proteomics. 2007 Jun;7(13):2132-41.

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9261142 Oorni K, Pentikainen MO, Annila A, Kovanen PT: Oxidation of low density lipoprotein particles decreases their ability to bind to human aortic proteoglycans. J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug 22;272(34):21303-11.

We therefore treated LDL with various substances: copper sulfate, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH), soybean lipoxygenase, and mouse peritoneal macrophages, and determined the extent to which the oxidatively modified LDL bound to human aortic proteoglycans in an affinity column.
The increased electrophoretic mobility of oxidized LDL reflects modification of the lysine residues of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8463303 Lindstedt KA: Inhibition of macrophage-mediated low density lipoprotein oxidation by stimulated rat serosal mast cells. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 15;268(11):7741-6.


In addition to binding free copper ions, the mast cell-derived histamine was also capable of inhibiting oxidation of LDL propagated by copper ions bound to the apolipoprotein B component of the LDL particle.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12563020 Botham KM, Zheng X, Napolitano M, Avella M, Cavallari C, Rivabene R, Bravo E: The effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids delivered in chylomicron remnants on the transcription of genes regulating synthesis and secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein by the liver: modulation by cellular oxidative state. Exp Biol Med. 2003 Feb;228(2):143-51.


The four genes investigated were those encoding apolipoprotein B (apoB), the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein (MTP), and the enzymes acyl coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), which play a role in the regulation of triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester synthesis, respectively. mRNA levels for apoB, MTP, and DGAT were unaffected by either fish or corn oil chylomicron remnants, but the amount of ACAT2 mRNA was significantly reduced after incubation of the hepatocytes with fish oil remnants as compared with corn oil remnants or without remnants.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19254748 Chu CY, Lee HJ, Chu CY, Yin YF, Tseng TH: Protective effects of leaf extract of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides on oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and accumulation of lipid in differentiated THP-1 cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Jun;47(6):1265-71. Epub 2009 Feb 28.


Oxidation was monitored by the formation of conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid relative substances (TBARS), relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), and fragmentation of apolipoprotein B-100 (Apo B).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11358140 Zorn U, Haug C, Celik E, Wennauer R, Schmid-Kotsas A, Bachem MG, Grunert A: Characterization of modified low density lipoprotein subfractions by capillary isotachophoresis. Electrophoresis. 2001 Apr;22(6):1143-9.


Native LDL and oxidatively modified LDL were characterized by apo B-100 fluorescence and conjugated diene formation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1420286 Alomar Y, Negre-Salvayre A, Levade T, Valdiguie P, Salvayre R: Oxidized HDL are much less cytotoxic to lymphoblastoid cells than oxidized LDL. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Oct 30;1128(2-3):163-6.


In contrast to UV-treated (2 h) LDL, which were highly cytotoxic (already at a concentration of 100 micrograms apolipoprotein B/ml), HDL treated by copper or copper + UV were oxidized, as shown by TBARS formation and PUFA content decrease, but were slightly cytotoxic.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8012279 Gugliucci A, Menini T, Stahl AJ: Susceptibility to copper-enhanced autoxidation of VLDL+LDL fractions from diabetic patients. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1994 Jan;32(1):139-47.


We describe a simplified method for studying the susceptibility to in vitro autoxidation of lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B.
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