Protein Information

Name calpain (protein family or complex)
Synonyms calpain; calpains

Compound Information

Name cycloheximide
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19545424 Liu T, Schneider RA, Shah V, Huang Y, Likhotvorik RI, Keshvara L, Hoyt DG: Protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 regulates calpain activity and the degradation of cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells. J Inflamm. 2009 Jun 22;6:20.

Cells were treated with LPS/IFN, calpain inhibitors (carbobenzoxy-valinyl-phenylalaninal (zVF), PD150606), cycloheximide and COX inhibitors to determine the effect of PIN1 depletion on COX-2 and calpain.
167(2,2,2,7) Details
16094403 Kucharczak JF, Simmons MJ, Duckett CS, Gelinas C: Constitutive proteasome-mediated turnover of Bfl-1/A1 and its processing in response to TNF receptor activation in FL5.12 pro-B cells convert it into a prodeath factor. Cell Death Differ. 2005 Sep;12(9):1225-39.

Its anti- versus proapoptotic effect is regulated by two proteolytic events: (1) its constitutive proteasome-mediated turnover and (2) its TNF/cycloheximide (CHX)-induced cleavage by mu-calpain, or a calpain-like activity, coincident with acquisition of a proapoptotic phenotype.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
18718443 Rasbach KA, Green PT, Schnellmann RG: Oxidants and Ca+2 induce PGC-1alpha degradation through calpain. . Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008 Oct 15;478(2):130-5. Epub 2008 Aug 8.

Under basal conditions, treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide resulted in rapid degradation of PGC-1alpha (t (1/2)=38 min), which was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin, but not the calpain inhibitor calpeptin.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
15567513 Jourdi H, Yanagihara T, Martinez U, Bi X, Lynch G, Baudry M: Effects of positive AMPA receptor modulators on calpain-mediated spectrin degradation in cultured hippocampal slices. Neurochem Int. 2005 Jan;46(1):31-40.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
16894473 Fu Y, Wang LY, Liang YL, Jin JW, Fang ZY, Zha XL: Integrin beta (1A) upregulates p27 protein amount at the post-translational level in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2006 Aug;38(8):523-30.

Cycloheximide treatment experiment revealed that the half-life of p27 protein was prolonged in integrin beta1A overexpressing cells, indicating that integrin beta (1A) inhibited the degradation of p27 protein.
Our data also provided evidence that both the proteasome and calpain were involved in the degradation of p27 protein in SMMC-7721 cells.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18647593 Ozaki Y, Kato T, Kitagawa M, Fujita H, Kitagawa S: Calpain inhibition delays neutrophil apoptosis via cyclic AMP-independent activation of protein kinase A and protein kinase A-mediated stabilization of Mcl-1 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008 Sep 15;477(2):227-31. Epub 2008 Jul 11.

Calpain inhibitors (PD150606 and N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-Nle-CHO) prevented spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis and degradation of Mcl-1 and XIAP, and the effects of calpain inhibitors on neutrophils were resistant to cycloheximide.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19193945 Soria LR, Gradilone SA, Larocca MC, Marinelli RA: Glucagon induces the gene expression of aquaporin-8 but not that of aquaporin-9 water channels in the rat hepatocyte. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Apr;296(4):R1274-81. Epub 2009 Feb 4.

Cycloheximide also showed no effect, suggesting that glucagon-induced AQP8 expression does not depend on protein synthesis but rather on protein degradation.
Inhibitory experiments suggest that a reduced calpain-mediated AQP8 proteolysis could be involved.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18266973 Gressner OA, Lahme B, Siluschek M, Rehbein K, Herrmann J, Weiskirchen R, Gressner AM: Activation of TGF-beta within cultured hepatocytes and in liver injury leads to intracrine signaling with expression of connective tissue growth factor. J Cell Mol Med. 2008 Dec;12(6B):2717-30. Epub 2008 Feb 4.

Cycloheximide did not abolish the rapid immunocytochemical appearance of mature TGF-beta, but calpain inhibitors partially suppressed intracellular TGF-beta activation and subsequently CTGF up-regulation.
Calpain treatment had the reverse effect.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18571867 Nishio T, Kawaguchi S, Fujiwara H: Emergence of highly neurofilament-immunoreactive zipper-like axon segments at the transection site in scalpel-cordotomized adult rats. Neuroscience. 2008 Jul 31;155(1):90-103. Epub 2008 May 9.

Local treatment with cycloheximide suppressed the axotomy-induced peripherin-IR-enhancement in severed ends, suggesting the occurrence of intra-axonal peripherin synthesis in vivo.
Treatment with calpain inhibitors frequently formed abnormally swollen microtubule-free ends, which suggests that calpain-activation is critical for functional growth cone formation in adult rat spinal cord.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18388957 Garate M, Wong RP, Campos EI, Wang Y, Li G: NAD (P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 inhibits the proteasomal degradation of the tumour suppressor p33 (ING1b). EMBO Rep. 2008 Jun;9(6):576-81. Epub 2008 Apr 4.


Combining the use of inhibitors of the main degradation pathways in the nucleus (proteasome and calpains), partial isolation of the proteasome complex, and in vitro interaction and degradation assays, we set out to determine the degradation mechanism of p33 (ING1b).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18650263 Liu T, Huang Y, Likhotvorik RI, Keshvara L, Hoyt DG: Protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 (PIN1) regulates degradation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008 Sep;295(3):C819-27. Epub 2008 Jul 23.

The results suggest that PIN1 associates with iNOS and can limit its induction by facilitating calpain-mediated degradation in MAEC.
Consistent with posttranscriptional action, knockdown of PIN1 increased the stability of iNOS protein in cycloheximide-treated cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15750211 Brown MR, Bondada V, Keller JN, Thorpe J, Geddes JW: Proteasome or calpain inhibition does not alter cellular tau levels in neuroblastoma cells or primary neurons. J Alzheimers Dis. 2005 Feb;7(1):15-24.

This study examined the effects of proteasome and calpain inhibition on tau levels and turnover in primary rat hippocampal neurons and differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.
Administration of cycloheximide to inhibit de novo protein synthesis also did not alter tau levels in the presence or absence of lactacystin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17125726 Fernandez-Novell JM, Rodriguez-Gil JE, Barbera A, Guinovart JJ: Lithium ions increase hepatic glycogen synthase stability through a proteasome-related mechanism. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Jan 1;457(1):29-34. Epub 2006 Nov 10.

Cycloheximide and actinomycin-D did not modify LiCl action on GS activity.
Furthermore, the increase in the total amount of GS induced by LiCl was further augmented after addition of a specific, calpain and proteasome inhibitor.
1(0,0,0,1) Details