Protein Information

Name GRP78
Synonyms 78 kDa glucose regulated protein; MIF 2; MIF2; 78 kDa glucose regulated protein precursor; BIP; Endoplasmic reticulum lumenal Ca(2+) binding protein grp78; GRP 78; GRP78…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19735704 Yang W, Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Koh HC, Son IH: Paraquat activates the IRE1/ASK1/JNK cascade associated with apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Lett. 2009 Dec 15;191(2-3):203-10. Epub 2009 Sep 6.

Paraquat increased ER stress biomarker proteins, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidae-like protein (EDEM), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
15019097 Kondoh M, Tsukada M, Kuronaga M, Higashimoto M, Takiguchi M, Himeno S, Watanabe Y, Sato M: Induction of hepatic metallothionein synthesis by endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Toxicol Lett. 2004 Mar 14;148(1-2):133-9.

Metallothionein (MT) is a small sulfhydryl-rich protein whose levels are elevated by various inducers of organelle stresses, such as nuclear stress (cisplatin), mitochondrial stress (antimycin A, 2,4-dinitrophenol) and lysosomal stress (paraquat).
Expressions of MT-I, II and glucose-regulated protein 78 (Bip/GRP78), which is a molecular chaperone induced by ER stress, mRNA were also detected by administration of Tun.
2(0,0,0,2) Details