Protein Information

Name heme oxygenase 1
Synonyms HMOX 1; HMOX1; HMOX1 protein; HO; HO 1; HO1; Heme oxygenase (Decycling) 1; Heme oxygenase (Decyclizing) 1…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
12180188 Noriega GO, Gonzales S, Tomaro ML, Batlle AM: Paraquat-generated oxidative stress in rat liver induces heme oxygenase-1 and aminolevulinic acid synthase. Free Radic Res. 2002 Jun;36(6):633-9.

This study shows that oxidative stress produced by paraquat leads to an increase in delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase and heme oxygenase-1 activities, indicating that the herbicide affects both heme biosynthesis and degradation.
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16555045 Tomita M, Okuyama T, Katsuyama H, Ishikawa T: Paraquat-induced gene expression in rat kidney. . Arch Toxicol. 2006 Oct;80(10):687-93. Epub 2006 Mar 23.

These results suggest that protection against paraquat injury is mediated by induction of expression of some genes, and suppression on the induction of MT-1 and HO-1 may explain the injury observed due to paraquat intake.
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16824337 Liu JH, Ma YT, Shi HW, Feng ZS, Zheng SL, Lv CH, Sun ZP, Li X: [Effect of baicalin on expression of heme oxygenase-1 in lung injury of rats associated with paraquat poisoning]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2006 Jun;24(6):337-40.
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20095327 Tian YP, Liu FR, Tong F, Shi HW, Yao DQ: [Pathologic changes and expression of Heme oxygenase-1 in paraquat-induced renal injury]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2009 Aug;27(8):468-71.
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17409708 Ohashi T, Satoh T, Kuwata M, Fujimura T, Taketani S: [Visualization and evaluation of the promoter activities of genes for stress-inducible proteins in response to environmental pollutants]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2007 Apr;127(4):757-64.

The treatment of COS7 cells in which the c-fos gene promoter-, ARE-, or HO-1 enhancer-fused GFP with a low concentration of NaAsO (2) was introduced led to the detection of the fluorescent cells, and an agrichemical paraquat enhanced the fluorescence of ARE or HO-1 enhancer-transfected cells.
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16263688 Yang W, Tiffany-Castiglioni E: The bipyridyl herbicide paraquat produces oxidative stress-mediated toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: relevance to the dopaminergic pathogenesis. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2005 Nov 26;68(22):1939-61.

Sixth, paraquat increased the protein level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).
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18620719 Black AT, Gray JP, Shakarjian MP, Laskin DL, Heck DE, Laskin JD: Increased oxidative stress and antioxidant expression in mouse keratinocytes following exposure to paraquat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 15;231(3):384-92. Epub 2008 May 29.

Paraquat treatment also resulted in increased expression of HO-1, Cu,Zn-SOD, catalase, GSTP1, GSTA3 and GSTA4.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
14623903 Baudouin E, Frendo P, Le Gleuher M, Puppo A: A Medicago sativa haem oxygenase gene is preferentially expressed in root nodules. J Exp Bot. 2004 Jan;55(394):43-7. Epub 2003 Nov 17.

The expression of the HO1 gene was studied in Medicago sativa, especially during the interaction with its symbiotic partner, Sinorhizobium meliloti.
Contrary to its animal counterpart, alfalfa HO1 was not induced by pro- oxidant compounds including H (2) O (2), paraquat and sodium nitroprusside, suggesting that it is not involved in the antioxidant defence.
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16328009 Tomita M, Okuyama T, Katsuyama H, Hidaka K, Otsuki T, Ishikawa T: Gene expression in rat lungs during early response to paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Int J Mol Med. 2006 Jan;17(1):37-44.

Five genes related to oxidative stress, TRX, HO-1, GST-Yc, NQO-1, and RL/IF-1, and one gene, CLK3, whose function is unknown, showed a significant increase in their expression due to PQ injection.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19080378 Liu JH, Sun ZP, Ma YT: [Change of JNK and c-Jun in lung injury associated with paraquat poisoning of rats]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2008 Jul;26(7):406-9.

The expression of HO-1 mRNA of the lung tissue was detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
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11181820 Chun HS, Gibson GE, DeGiorgio LA, Zhang H, Kidd VJ, Son JH: Dopaminergic cell death induced by MPP (+), oxidant and specific neurotoxicants shares the common molecular mechanism. J Neurochem. 2001 Feb;76(4):1010-21.

Epidemiological risk factor analyses of typical PD cases have identified several neurotoxicants, including MPP (+) (the active metabolite of MPTP), paraquat, dieldrin, manganese and salsolinol.
Finally, the high throughput cDNA microarray screening using the current model identified downstream response genes, such as heme oxygenase-1, a constituent of Lewy bodies, that can be the useful biomarkers to monitor the pathological conditions of dopaminergic neurons under neurotoxic insult.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17220179 Ungvari Z, Orosz Z, Rivera A, Labinskyy N, Xiangmin Z, Olson S, Podlutsky A, Csiszar A: Resveratrol increases vascular oxidative stress resistance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 May;292(5):H2417-24. Epub 2007 Jan 12.

The protective effect of resveratrol was attenuated by inhibition of glutathione peroxidase and heme oxygenase-1, suggesting a role for antioxidant systems in the antiapoptotic action of resveratrol.
Indeed, resveratrol treatment protected cultured aortic segments and/or endothelial cells against increases in intracellular H (2) O (2) levels and H (2) O (2)-mediated apoptotic cell death induced by oxidative stressors (exogenous H (2) O (2), paraquat, and UV light).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12691523 Prieto-Alamo MJ, Cabrera-Luque JM, Pueyo C: Absolute quantitation of normal and ROS-induced patterns of gene expression: an in vivo real-time PCR study in mice. Gene Expr. 2003;11(1):23-34.

Hence, they code for 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase/AP-lyase, major AP-endonuclease, and heme oxygenase-1.
Quantitations reported: i) determine mouse-to-mouse variability in basal gene expression, ii) establish organ- and embryo-associated differences in mouse, iii) compare mouse and human tissue-specific profiles, iv) examine the time course (30-240 min) expression in liver and lung of mice treated with paraquat (superoxide generator) at 30 mg kg (-1) (one half LD50 value), and v) explore the utility of absolute real-time PCR in field studies with genetically diverse mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17935786 Olesen BT, Clausen J, Vang O: Characterization of the transcriptional profile in primary astrocytes after oxidative stress induced by Paraquat. Neurotoxicology. 2008 Jan;29(1):13-21. Epub 2007 Sep 1.

The PQ (48 h)-induced expressions of genes identified in cDNA array were confirmed by Northern blot analysis, which revealed a statistical significant up-regulation of genes involved in oxidative stress, detoxification, and DNA repair/synthesis and includes heme oxygenase-1 (11-fold), NAD (P) H dehydrogenase (8-fold), glutathione S-transferase P (7-fold), glucose-regulated 78-kDa protein (7-fold), glucose-regulated 75-kDa protein (6-fold), and growth-arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 (4.5-fold) and minor changes for heat shock 10-kDa protein, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, heme oxygenase-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and Bcl-2-associated death promoter.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14660625 Park SY, Chang I, Kim JY, Kang SW, Park SH, Singh K, Lee MS: Resistance of mitochondrial DNA-depleted cells against cell death: role of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem. 2004 Feb 27;279(9):7512-20. Epub 2003 Dec 3.

O (2)(.) contents increased during rho (0) cell derivation but became normalized after establishment of rho (0) phenotypes, suggesting that MnSOD induction is an adaptive process to increased O (2)(.). rho (0) cells were resistant to menadione, paraquat, or doxorubicin, and O (2)(.) contents after treatment with them were lower in rho (0) cells compared with parental cells because of MnSOD overexpression.
Heme oxygenase-1 expression was increased in rho (0) cells, and a heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor decreased the induction of MnSOD in rho (0) cells and their resistance against ROS donors.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15527874 Barlow BK, Lee DW, Cory-Slechta DA, Opanashuk LA: Modulation of antioxidant defense systems by the environmental pesticide maneb in dopaminergic cells. Neurotoxicology. 2005 Jan;26(1):63-75.

Furthermore, these effects were markedly different from those observed with the classical oxidative stressor and pesticide, paraquat (PQ).
Altered protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) further indicated an oxidative stress response elicited by MB in PC12 cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19735445 Minelli A, Conte C, Grottelli S, Bellezza I, Emiliani C, Bolanos JP: Cyclo (His-Pro) up-regulates heme oxygenase 1 via activation of Nrf2-ARE signalling. J Neurochem. 2009 Nov;111(4):956-66. Epub 2009 Sep 7.

Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium), a widely used non-selective herbicide, is a redox cycling agent with adverse effects on dopamine systems.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19486939 Schriner SE, Avanesian A, Liu Y, Luesch H, Jafari M: Protection of human cultured cells against oxidative stress by Rhodiola rosea without activation of antioxidant defenses. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Sep 1;47(5):577-84. Epub 2009 May 29.


We found that R. rosea supplementation could protect cultured cells against ultraviolet light, paraquat, and H (2) O (2).
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