Protein Information

Name extracellular signal regulated kinase 1
Synonyms ERK 1; ERK1; ERT 2; ERT2; Extracellular signal regulated kinase 1; Extracellular signal related kinase 1b; Extracellular signal related kinase 1c; HS44KDAP…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16687388 Niso-Santano M, Moran JM, Garcia-Rubio L, Gomez-Martin A, Gonzalez-Polo RA, Soler G, Fuentes JM: Low concentrations of paraquat induces early activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, protein kinase B, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 pathways: role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in paraquat-induced cell death. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Aug;92(2):507-15. Epub 2006 May 9.

Furthermore, early paraquat-mediated increases in ERK1/2 activation were sensitive to the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) inhibitor PD 98059 (2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone), whereas JNK1/2 responses were blocked by the JNK1/2 inhibitor SP 600125 (anthra [1-9-cd] pyrazol-6 (2H)-one).
205(1,5,5,5) Details
17662968 Miller RL, Sun GY, Sun AY: Cytotoxicity of paraquat in microglial cells: Involvement of PKCdelta- and ERK1/2-dependent NADPH oxidase. Brain Res. 2007 Sep 5;1167:129-39. Epub 2007 Jul 10.

The inhibitors for protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) or extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) could partially attenuate paraquat-induced ROS production and cell death.
37(0,1,2,2) Details
19786089 Sun LY, Steinbaugh MJ, Masternak MM, Bartke A, Miller RA: Fibroblasts from long-lived mutant mice show diminished ERK1/2 phosphorylation but exaggerated induction of immediate early genes. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Dec 15;47(12):1753-61. Epub 2009 Sep 26.

This study shows that phosphorylation of the stress-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 induced by peroxide, cadmium, or paraquat is attenuated in cells from these mice.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
19386805 Xia XJ, Wang YJ, Zhou YH, Tao Y, Mao WH, Shi K, Asami T, Chen Z, Yu JQ: Reactive oxygen species are involved in brassinosteroid-induced stress tolerance in cucumber. Plant Physiol. 2009 Jun;150(2):801-14. Epub 2009 Apr 22.


BR treatment induced expression of both regulatory genes, such as RBOH, MAPK1, and MAPK3, and genes involved in defense and antioxidant responses.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16919916 Mitra S, Abraham E: Participation of superoxide in neutrophil activation and cytokine production. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Aug;1762(8):732-41. Epub 2006 Jul 8.


To examine the role of superoxide in neutrophil activation, we exposed resting neutrophils and neutrophils stimulated with LPS to paraquat, an agent that specifically increases intracellular superoxide concentrations.
0(0,0,0,0) Details