Protein Information

Name glutamic acid decarboxylase
Synonyms 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD 2; GAD 65; GAD2; GAD65; Glutamate decarboxylase 2; Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreas); Glutamate decarboxylase 65 kDa isoform…

Compound Information

Name strychnine
CAS strychnidin-10-one

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17418495 Fujii M, Arata A, Kanbara-Kume N, Saito K, Yanagawa Y, Obata K: Respiratory activity in brainstem of fetal mice lacking glutamate decarboxylase 65/67 and vesicular GABA transporter. Neuroscience. 2007 May 25;146(3):1044-52. Epub 2007 Apr 5.

Strychnine reversed inspiratory-phase hyperpolarization to large depolarization in expiratory neurons.
Recently we have demonstrated respiratory failure in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 67-deficient mice [Tsunekawa N, Arata A, Obata K (2005) Development of spontaneous mouth/tongue movement and related neural activity, and their repression in mouse fetus lacking glutamate decarboxylase 67.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16675141 Wang DG, Gong N, Luo B, Xu TL: Absence of GABA type A signaling in adult medial habenular neurons. . Neuroscience. 2006 Aug 11;141(1):133-41. Epub 2006 May 3.


Apart from the GABA type A receptors, both K (+)-Cl (-) cotransporter isoform 2 and the GABA-synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase, are essential determinants for GABA type A receptor-mediated inhibition.
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8032902 Bohlhalter S, Mohler H, Fritschy JM: Inhibitory neurotransmission in rat spinal cord: co-localization of glycine- and GABAA-receptors at GABAergic synaptic contacts demonstrated by triple immunofluorescence staining. Brain Res. 1994 Apr 11;642(1-2):59-69.

Most spinal cord neurons respond to both neurotransmitters, suggesting co-expression of GABAA- and strychnine-sensitive glycine-receptors in individual cells.
Their co-localization with glycine-receptors and their apposition to GABAergic axon terminals were assessed by confocal laser microscopy in sections processed for double- and triple-immunofluorescence staining, using a monoclonal antibody against the 93 kDa glycine-receptor-associated protein, gephyrin, and an antiserum to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10515993 Xi MC, Morales FR, Chase MH: Evidence that wakefulness and REM sleep are controlled by a GABAergic pontine mechanism. J Neurophysiol. 1999 Oct;82(4):2015-9.

Furthermore, administration of antisense oligonucleotides against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA into the same area produced a significant decrease in wakefulness and an increase in REM sleep.
Microinjections of glycine, another major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, and its antagonist, strychnine, did not have any effect on the behavioral states of sleep and wakefulness.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11927688 Moreno-Lopez B, Escudero M, Estrada C: Nitric oxide facilitates GABAergic neurotransmission in the cat oculomotor system: a physiological mechanism in eye movement control. J Physiol. 2002 Apr 1;540(Pt 1):295-306.


In contrast, bicuculline and strychnine induced eye velocity alterations similar to those produced by NOS inhibitors, suggesting that NO oculomotor effects were due to facilitation of some inhibitory input to the PH nucleus.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
12401451 Meier J, Juttner R, Kirischuk S, Grantyn R: Synaptic anchoring of glycine receptors in developing collicular neurons under control of metabotropic glutamate receptor activity. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2002 Oct;21(2):324-40.


Two distinct stages of inhibitory synaptogenesis in cultured collicular neurons were defined on the basis of strychnine sensitivity of IPSCs, presence of EPSCs, KCC2 expression, and transmitter-induced Ca (2+) responses.
0(0,0,0,0) Details