Protein Information

Name tumor necrosis factor alpha
Synonyms Cachectin; DIF; TNF; TNF alpha; TNF a; TNFA; TNFSF 2; TNFSF2…

Compound Information

Name strychnine
CAS strychnidin-10-one

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19617896 Wang HD, Lu XX, Lu DX, Qi RB, Wang YP, Fu YM, Wang LW: Glycine inhibits the LPS-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and TNFalpha production in cardiomyocytes by activating a glycine receptor. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2009 Aug;30(8):1107-14. Epub 2009 Jul 20.

GLY did not inhibit TNFalpha production induced by LPS at concentrations below 10 ng/mL but did significantly decrease TNFalpha release stimulated by 100 microg/mL LPS and prevented an LPS-induced increase in [Ca2+] c, which was reversed by strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist.
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10564180 Wheeler MD, Thurman RG: Production of superoxide and TNF-alpha from alveolar macrophages is blunted by glycine. Am J Physiol. 1999 Nov;277(5 Pt 1):L952-9.

Glycine blunts lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increases in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca (2+)](i)) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by Kupffer cells through a glycine-gated chloride channel.
Like the glycine-gated chloride channel in the central nervous system, the effects of glycine on [Ca (2+)](i) were both strychnine sensitive and chloride dependent.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15730916 Zhang SJ, Shi JH, Tang Z, Wu Y, Chen S: Protective effects of glycine pretreatment on brain-death donor liver. . Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2005 Feb;4(1):37-40.

METHODS: Fourty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into brain-death donor (BDD) group (B), glycine pretreatment group with BDD (G), and strychnine pretreatment group with BDD (S).
Before cold rinsing at 2 and 6 hours after portal vein (PV) reperfusion, blood samples were taken from infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) to determine the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and hyaluronic acid (HA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10064624 Spittler A, Reissner CM, Oehler R, Gornikiewicz A, Gruenberger T, Manhart N, Brodowicz T, Mittlboeck M, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Roth E: Immunomodulatory effects of glycine on LPS-treated monocytes: reduced TNF-alpha production and accelerated IL-10 expression. FASEB J. 1999 Mar;13(3):563-71.

Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) stimulate the progression of septic shock whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 has counterregulative potency.
The inhibitory effects of GLY were neutralized by strychnine, and the production of IL-10 and TNF-alpha was augmented by anti-IL-10 antibodies.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9227496 Ikejima K, Qu W, Stachlewitz RF, Thurman RG: Kupffer cells contain a glycine-gated chloride channel. . Am J Physiol. 1997 Jun;272(6 Pt 1):G1581-6.

Low concentrations of strychnine (1 microM), a glycine receptor antagonist, reversed the inhibitory effect of glycine completely; however, high concentrations of strychnine (1 mM) mimicked glycine.
Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in cultured Kupffer cells due to LPS was decreased significantly by glycine.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9823766 Seabra V, Stachlewitz RF, Thurman RG: Taurine blunts LPS-induced increases in intracellular calcium and TNF-alpha production by Kupffer cells. J Leukoc Biol. 1998 Nov;64(5):615-21.

LPS-induced changes in [Ca2+] i were monitored fluorometrically in single cells, whereas levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) released by Kupffer cells after exposure to LPS were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
This effect was reversed by strychnine (1 microM) and was prevented when chloride was removed from the extracellular media.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11500467 Li X, Bradford BU, Wheeler MD, Stimpson SA, Pink HM, Brodie TA, Schwab JH, Thurman RG: Dietary glycine prevents peptidoglycan polysaccharide-induced reactive arthritis in the rat: role for glycine-gated chloride channel. Infect Immun. 2001 Sep;69(9):5883-91.


The inhibitory effect of glycine was reversed by low concentrations of strychnine or chloride-free buffer, and it increased radiolabeled chloride influx nearly fourfold, an effect also inhibited by strychnine.
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