Protein Information

Name statins
Synonyms STN; statin; statins

Compound Information

Name warfarin
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19465867 Filippi A, D'Ambrosio G, Giustini SE, Pecchioli S, Mazzaglia G, Cricelli C: Pharmacological treatment after acute myocardial infarction from 2001 to 2006: a survey in Italian primary care. J Cardiovasc Med. 2009 Sep;10(9):714-8.

The prescription rate in the first year after AMI was suboptimal (beta-blockers 35.1%, aspirin or warfarin 75.0%, ACE-inhibitors or ARBs 61.6%, statins 52.8%) but showed a continuous improvement from 2001 to 2005.
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19014009 Santangeli P, Sestito A: Acute left atrial thrombosis during anticoagulant therapy in a patient with antithrombin deficiency. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2009 Mar;5(3):160-70.

After initial stabilization, the patient was discharged with warfarin (target INR = 2.5-3.5) together with beta-blockers, statins and metformin.
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19040564 Bennett K, Kabir Z, Barry M, Tilson L, Fidan D, Shelley E, Capewell S: Cost-effectiveness of treatments reducing coronary heart disease mortality in Ireland, 2000 to 2010. Heart. 2009 Jun;95(11):888-94. Epub 2009 Feb 25.

Aspirin, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, spironolactone, and warfarin for specific conditions were the most cost-effective interventions (< euro 3000/LYG), followed by the statins for secondary prevention (< euro 6500/LYG).
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19445778 Sarkees ML, Bavry AA: Acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina and non-ST elevation MI). Neurology. 2009 Feb 3;72(5):419-25.

CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: aspirin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, clopidogrel, direct thrombin inhibitors, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (oral or intravenous), heparin (low molecular weight, unfractionated), nitrates, routine early cardiac catheterisation and revascularisation, statins, and warfarin.
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18627614 McLean G: Practice characteristics and prescribing of cardiovascular drugs in areas with higher risk of CHD in Scotland: cross-sectional study. Value Health. 2009 Jan;12(1):10-5. Epub 2008 Jul 15.

RESULTS: The 39 case practices have lower prescribing rates than the matched controls for all heart disease drugs Significant different are found for six drugs (statins, ace Inhibitors, clopidogrel, thiazides, warfarin and digoxin.
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19093930 Shrank WH, Patrick AR, Pedan A, Polinski JM, Varasteh L, Levin R, Liu N, Schneeweiss S: The effect of transitioning to medicare part d drug coverage in seniors dually eligible for medicare and medicaid. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Dec;56(12):2304-10.

Utilization and spending were evaluated for five study drugs: clopidogrel, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), warfarin, and statins (essential drugs covered by Part D plans) and benzodiazepines (not covered through Part D but potentially covered through Medicaid).
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20075360 Glader EL, Sjolander M, Eriksson M, Lundberg M: Persistent use of secondary preventive drugs declines rapidly during the first 2 years after stroke. Acta Cardiol. 2008 Oct;63(5):635-7.

RESULTS: The proportion of patients who were persistent users of drugs prescribed at discharge from hospital declined progressively over the first 2 years to reach 74.2% for antihypertensive drugs, 56.1% for statins, 63.7% for antiplatelet drugs, and 45.0% for warfarin.
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19189990 Schneeweiss S, Patrick AR, Pedan A, Varasteh L, Levin R, Liu N, Shrank WH: The effect of Medicare Part D coverage on drug use and cost sharing among seniors without prior drug benefits. Health Aff. 2009 Mar-Apr;28(2):w305-16. Epub 2009 Feb 3.

Patients reaching the Part D coverage gap (12 percent) experienced a decrease in essential medication use ranging from 5.7 percentage points per month for warfarin to 6.3 percentage points for statins.
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18789548 Velavan P, Khan NK, Goode K, Rigby AS, Loh PH, Komajda M, Follath F, Swedberg K, Madeira H, Cleland JG: Predictors of short term mortality in heart failure - insights from the Euro Heart Failure survey. vi.

On multivariable analysis the following provided independent prognostic information: increasing age (OR per SD=1.5, 95% CI 1.4-1.6), severe LVSD (1.8, 1.5-2.1), serum creatinine (1.2, 1.2-1.3), sodium (0.9, 0.8-0.9), Hb (0.9, 0.8-0.9) and treatment with ACEI (0.5, 0.5-0.6), beta-blockers (0.7, 0.6-0.8), statins (0.6, 0.5-0.7), calcium channel blockers (0.7, 0.6-0.8), warfarin (0.5, 0.4-0.6), heparin (1.7, 1.4-1.9), anti-platelet drugs (0.6, 0.5-0.6) and need for inotropes (5.5, 4.6-6.6).
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19850658 Burgos PI, Vila LM, Reveille JD, Alarcon GS: Peripheral vascular damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from LUMINA, a large multi-ethnic U.S. cohort (LXIX). Lupus. 2009 Dec;18(14):1303-8. Epub 2009 Oct 22.

Azathioprine, warfarin and statins were also statistically significant, and glucocorticoid use was borderline statistically significant (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.10-1.06; P = 0.0975).
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19413939 Ahlehoff O, Hansen PR: [Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics] . Ugeskr Laeger. 2009 Apr 20;171(17):1405-7.

We here briefly review recent advances supporting the value of genetic information in the treatment of patients with betablockers, statins and warfarin.
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19700210 Brandsaeter B, Atar D, Agewall S: Gender differences among Norwegian patients with heart failure. . Int J Cardiol. 2009 Aug 21.

More men used statins and warfarin and coronary heart disease (CHD) was more common as the underlying cause of heart failure among men compared to women.
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18436876 FitzMaurice E, Wendell L, Snider R, Schwab K, Chanderraj R, Kinnecom C, Nandigam K, Rost NS, Viswanathan A, Rosand J, Greenberg SM, Smith EE: Effect of statins on intracerebral hemorrhage outcome and recurrence. Gend Med. 2009 Sep;6(3):419-32.

Medical comorbidities and warfarin use were more common in statin users.
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18312905 Farmakis D, Filippatos G, Lainscak M, Parissis JT, Anker SD, Kremastinos DT: Anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and statins in heart failure. . Cardiol Clin. 2008 Feb;26(1):49-58

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19188572 Gidal BE, French JA, Grossman P, Le Teuff G: Assessment of potential drug interactions in patients with epilepsy: impact of age and sex. J Thromb Haemost. 2009 Dec;7(12):2023-7. Epub 2009 Sep 28.

RESULTS: Use of concomitant medications occurred in every age group and increased with age for both men and women (mean number of non-AEDs ranging from 2.41 to 7.67 in males aged 18-34 and 85+ years and from 4.04 to 7.05 in females aged 18-34 and 85+ years; p < 0.001 for age trend). beta-Hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most commonly used non-AED medications with the potential for adverse drug interactions.
Use of antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, and warfarin was also noted in more than 10% of patients across different age groups.
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18236826 Gardiner P, Phillips R, Shaughnessy AF: Herbal and dietary supplement--drug interactions in patients with chronic illnesses. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Jan 1;77(1):73-8.

John's wort and warfarin.
Other studies have shown reduced levels of verapamil, statins, digoxin, and antiretrovirals in patients taking St.
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19252521 Erkan D, Lockshin MD: New approaches for managing antiphospholipid syndrome. . Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008 Jun;17(6):535-45.

For the secondary prevention of thrombosis in persistently aPL-positive individuals, the current recommendation is life-long warfarin; however, determining the intensity and duration of warfarin treatment, as well as the role of alternative anticoagulants, requires further research.
Potential new approaches for the management of persistently aPL-positive patients include hydroxychloroquine, statins, rituximab, complement inhibition, and other targeted therapies that have been effective in experimental APS models.
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19850238 Volgman AS, Manankil MF, Mookherjee D, Trohman RG: Women with atrial fibrillation: Greater risk, less attention. JAMA. 2008 Dec 3;300(21):2514-26.

Women are treated with statins less frequently than are men, possibly contributing to an increased incidence of AF in women.
Reluctance among physicians and patients to use warfarin may be especially problematic in elderly women, who benefit most from it.
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18269565 Thenappan T, Ali Raza J, Movahed A: Aortic atheromas: current concepts and controversies-a review of the literature. Int J Cardiol. 2010 Jan 7;138(1):63-9. Epub 2008 Sep 11.

Currently, treatment of aortic atheromas is not well defined, and mixed outcomes have been reported for anticoagulation therapy with warfarin.
Statins appear promising based on their plaque stabilization properties.
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19949207 Kisely S, Campbell LA, Wang Y: Treatment of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals with psychosis under universal healthcare. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;195(6):545-50.

Despite a higher 1-year mortality, they were less likely to receive guideline-consistent treatment: e.g. coronary artery bypass grafting (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.35, 95% CI 0.25-0.48), beta-blockers (adjusted OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.71-0.95) and statins (adjusted OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.41-0.63).
Despite higher 1-year mortality rates, they were less likely to receive cerebrovascular arteriography or warfarin.
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19050195 Kesselheim AS, Misono AS, Lee JL, Stedman MR, Brookhart MA, Choudhry NK, Shrank WH: Clinical equivalence of generic and brand-name drugs used in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Equity Health. 2008 Jul 15;7:18.

Clinical equivalence was noted in 7 of 7 RCTs (100%) of beta-blockers, 10 of 11 RCTs (91%) of diuretics, 5 of 7 RCTs (71%) of calcium channel blockers, 3 of 3 RCTs (100%) of antiplatelet agents, 2 of 2 RCTs (100%) of statins, 1 of 1 RCT (100%) of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and 1 of 1 RCT (100%) of alpha-blockers.
Among narrow therapeutic index drugs, clinical equivalence was reported in 1 of 1 RCT (100%) of class 1 antiarrhythmic agents and 5 of 5 RCTs (100%) of warfarin.
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19059992 Bajpai A, Savelieva I, Camm AJ: Treatment of atrial fibrillation. Br Med Bull. 2008;88(1):75-94. Epub 2008 Dec 5.

Yet, anticoagulation with warfarin remains underprescribed, especially in the elderly due to the presumed risk of bleeding.
Statins by means of their pleotropic effects and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers by preventing atrial remodelling may prove useful in preventing the development of AF.
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19138236 Vermeer NS, Bajorek BV: Utilization of evidence-based therapy for the secondary prevention of acute coronary syndromes in Australian practice. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2008 Dec;33(6):591-601.

Only six patients (4%) received three or more antithrombotics at discharge; five of these received the triple combination of aspirin, clopidogrel and warfarin.
This audit focussed on the use of four guideline-recommended therapies: aspirin +/- clopidogrel, beta blockers, statins and ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I), as well as the utilization of multiple antithrombotics.
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20353991 Pierangeli S, Erkan D: Antiphospholipid syndrome treatment beyond anticoagulation: are we there yet?. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2009 Jul;24(4):279-87.

The management of antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients has been focused on utilizing anti-thrombotic medications such as heparin or warfarin.
This review article will address the experimental and/or clinical evidence behind some of these potential 'immunomodulatory' approaches (tissue factor inhibition, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition, nuclear factor-kappaB inhibition, platelet glycoprotein receptor inhibition, hydroxychloroquine, statins, inhibition of beta (2) GPI and/or anti-beta (2) GPI binding to target cells, complement inhibition, and B cell inhibition) in antiphospholipid syndrome.
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19793187 Lerner RG, Aronow WS, Sekhri A, Palaniswamy C, Ahn C, Singh T, Sandhu R, McClung JA: Warfarin use and the risk of valvular calcification. Stroke. 2008 Jul;39(7):2151-4. Epub 2008 Apr 24.

Logistic regression analyses were also conducted to investigate whether the relationship stands after adjustment for confounding risk factors such as age, sex, race, ejection fraction, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease (CAD), glomerular filtration rate, calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product, alkaline phosphatase, use of aspirin, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins.
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18805379 Khella SL: New insights into stroke in chronic kidney disease. . Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2008 Oct;15(4):338-46.


Those with atrial fibrillation and CKD may benefit from warfarin anticoagulation.
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19246481 Brieger D, Fox KA, Fitzgerald G, Eagle KA, Budaj A, Avezum A, Granger CB, Costa B, Anderson FA Jr, Steg PG: Predicting freedom from clinical events in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Echocardiography. 2008 Feb;25(2):198-207.


Fifteen factors independently predicted freedom from an adverse event: younger age; lower Killip class; unstable angina presentation; no hypotension; no ST deviation; no cardiac arrest at presentation; normal creatinine; decreased pulse rate; no hospital transfer; no history of diabetes, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, or atrial fibrillation; prehospital use of statins, and no chronic warfarin.
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19522057 Stewart RA: Clinical trials in heart valve disease. . Clin Evid. 2009 Jan 13;2009. pii: 0209.


Meta-analysis of randomized studies of antithrombotic strategies in patients with mechanical valves suggests overall risk is lower with the combination of warfarin with a lower target international normalized ratio and an antiplatelet drug.
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18265414 Delaney JA, Moodie EE, Suissa S: Validating the effects of drug treatment on blood pressure in the General Practice Research Database. Lupus. 2010;19(4):475-85.

METHODS: To assess effects on blood pressure, we extracted from the GPRD several cohorts of new drug users of warfarin (n = 21,532), ibuprofen (n = 92,037), proton pump inhibitors (n = 153,695), statins (n = 118,704), rofecoxib (n = 6399), and celecoxib (n = 6217) from 2001 to 2003.
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18673195 Di YM, Li CG, Xue CC, Zhou SF: Clinical drugs that interact with St. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(17):1723-42.

A number of clinically significant interactions of SJW have been identified with conventional drugs, including anticancer agents (imatinib and irinotecan), anti-HIV agents (e.g. indinavir, lamivudine and nevirapine), anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. ibuprofen and fexofenadine), antimicrobial agents (e.g. erythromycin and voriconazole), cardiovascular drugs (e.g. digoxin, ivabradine, warfarin, verapamil, nifedipine and talinolol), central nervous system agents (e.g. amitriptyline, buspirone, phenytoin, methadone, midazolam, alprazolam, and sertraline), hypoglycaemic agents (e.g. tolbutamide and gliclazide), immuno-modulating agents (e.g. cyclosporine and tacrolimus), oral contraceptives, proton pump inhibitor (e.g. omeprazole), respiratory system agent (e.g. theophylline), statins (e.g. atorvastatin and pravastatin).
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