Protein Information

Name glutathione S transferase
Synonyms GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2…

Compound Information

Name endosulfan
CAS 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
2380476 Srikanth NS, Seth PK: Alterations in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in brain and liver of rats coexposed to endosulfan and malathion. J Appl Toxicol. 1990 Jun;10(3):157-60.

In the coexposed animals, malathion's inhibitory influence on mixed-function oxidases and endosulfan's inhibitory effect on malathion carboxylesterase were found to dominate, while endosulfan potentiated the activity of glutathione-S-transferase significantly in liver (69%) and brain.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
2553591 Singh SK, Pandey RS: Gonadal toxicity of short term chronic endosulfan exposure to male rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1989 Apr;27(4):341-6.

Endosulfan was studied for its effect on rat testicular toxicity in relation to the enzymes of androgen biosynthesis, viz. 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.145, 3 beta-HSD) and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.64, 17 beta-HSD); cytosolic conjugation enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18); and testicular as well as serum testosterone levels at the dose levels of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg body weight fed orally for 7 and 15 days.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
20214973 El-Shenawy NS: Effects of insecticides fenitrothion, endosulfan and abamectin on antioxidant parameters of isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Mar 7.

The activities of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were decreased by fenitrothion incubation more than endosulfan and abamectin.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
15907763 Barata C, Varo I, Navarro JC, Arun S, Porte C: Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna exposed to redox cycling compounds. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;140(2):175-86. Epub 2005 Feb 24.

Activities of key antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferases and levels of lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lipofucsin pigment content were determined in D. magna juveniles after being exposed to sublethal levels of menadione, paraquat, endosulfan, cadmium and copper for 48 h.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
2804400 Yadwad VB: Effect of endosulfan on glutathione S-transferase and glutathione content of the premoult field crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Oct;43(4):597-602.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11083022 Egaas E: Effects of atrazine, endosulfan and butylated hydroxyanisole on glutathione-S-transferases in Orthosia gothica. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2000 Sep;127(2):117-22.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
7900959 Naqvi SM, Vaishnavi C: Bioaccumulative potential and toxicity of endosulfan insecticide to non-target animals. Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61.

Biochemical: in rats, endosulfan caused increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, blood glucose level, phospholipid contents of the microsomal and surfactant system, and profoundly induced the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and cytosolic glutathione S-transferases.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18443843 Aggarwal M, Naraharisetti SB, Sarkar SN, Rao GS, Degen GH, Malik JK: Effects of subchronic coexposure to arsenic and endosulfan on the erythrocytes of broiler chickens: a biochemical study. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2009 Jan;56(1):139-48. Epub 2008 Apr 29.

At term, the impact of their coexposure was assessed by evaluating lipid peroxidation (LPO), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), different ATPases and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes, serum glucose, and levels of glutathione (GSH) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) in blood.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2633982 Singh SK, Pandey RS: Toxicity of endosulfan on kidney of male rats in relation to drug metabolizing enzymes and microsomal lipid peroxidation. Indian J Exp Biol. 1989 Aug;27(8):725-8.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
11162928 Matthews J, Celius T, Halgren R, Zacharewski T: Differential estrogen receptor binding of estrogenic substances: a species comparison. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2000 Nov 15;74(4):223-34.

Methoxychlor, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, alpha-endosulfan and dieldrin weakly bound to the ERs from the human, mouse, chicken and green anole.
The study investigated the ability of 34 natural and synthetic chemicals to compete with [3H] 17beta-estradiol (E2) for binding to bacterially expressed glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-estrogen receptors (ER) fusion proteins from five different species.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18179806 Menone ML, Pesce SF, Diaz MP, Moreno VJ, Wunderlin DA: Endosulfan induces oxidative stress and changes on detoxication enzymes in the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense. Phytochemistry. 2008 Mar;69(5):1150-7. Epub 2008 Jan 7.

Thus, we measured the activities of catalase (CAT), soluble and membrane associated glutathione-S-transferases (s- and m-GSTs) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20298109 Mohammadi Sharif M, Hejazi MJ, Mohammadi A, Rashidi MR: Resistance status of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, to endosulfan in East Azarbaijan and Ardabil provinces of Iran. J Insect Sci. 2007;7:1-7.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
3680862 Siddiqui MK, Anjum F, Qadri SS: Some metabolic changes induced by endosulfan in hepatic and extra hepatic tissues of rat. J Environ Sci Health B. 1987 Oct;22(5):553-64.

Effects of three different doses of endosulfan respectively designated as low, medium and high on cytochrome P450 (Cyt.P450), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and glutathione content (GSH) of hepatic and extra hepatic tissues of rat were determined after 24 hours of treatment.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
3971059 Narayan S, Bajpai A, Tyagi SR, Misra UK: Effect of intratracheal administration of DDT and endosulfan on cytochrome P-450 and glutathione-s-transferase in lung and liver of rats. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1985 Jan;34(1):55-62.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11503072 Pandey S, Ahmad I, Parvez S, Bin-Hafeez B, Haque R, Raisuddin S: Effect of endosulfan on antioxidants of freshwater fish Channa punctatus Bloch: 1. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2001 Oct;41(3):345-52.

Effect of a single exposure of endosulfan (5 ppb) on catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) of liver, kidney, and gill of a freshwater fish (Channa punctatus Bloch) were evaluated after 24 h of treatment.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
17675176 Glover CN, Petri D, Tollefsen KE, Jorum N, Handy RD, Berntssen MH: Assessing the sensitivity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to dietary endosulfan exposure using tissue biochemistry and histology. Aquat Toxicol. 2007 Oct 15;84(3):346-55. Epub 2007 Jun 29.

Other hepatic indicators of stress impacts and responses (glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities and hepatic alpha-tocopherol content) remained unchanged.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19297972 Gurusubramanian G, Rahman A, Sarmah M, Ray S, Bora S: Pesticide usage pattern in tea ecosystem, their retrospects and alternative measures. J Environ Biol. 2008 Nov;29(6):813-26.

Due to this practice, the tea pests showed a higher tolerance/ resistance status due to formation of greater amount of esterases, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase.
Thus, over reliance on pesticides end up with pesticide residue in made tea (DDT - 10.4-47.1%; endosulfan - 41.1-98.0%; dicofol- 0.0-82.4%; ethion - 0.0-36.2%; cypermethrin - 6.0- 45.1%).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2279768 Singh SK, Pandey RS: Effect of sub-chronic endosulfan exposures on plasma gonadotrophins, testosterone, testicular testosterone and enzymes of androgen biosynthesis in rat. Indian J Exp Biol. 1990 Oct;28(10):953-6.

A significant decrease in the contents/activities of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and related mixed function oxidases (MFOs) in testis of treated rats was also observed, along with a marked inhibition in the activity of cytosolic conjugation enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase at both doses studied.
1(0,0,0,1) Details