Protein Information

Name SP B
Synonyms 18 kDa pulmonary surfactant protein; 6 kDa protein; PSP B; Pulmonary surfactant apoprotein PSP B; Pulmonary surfactant associated proteolipid SPL(Phe); Pulmonary surfactant associated protein B; Pulmonary surfactant associated protein B precursor; SFTB 3…

Compound Information

Name nitrofen
CAS 2,4-dichloro-1-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16490937 Gonzalez-Reyes S, Martinez L, Martinez-Calonge W, Fernandez-Dumont V, Tovar JA: Effects of nitrofen and vitamins A, C and E on maturation of cultured human H441 pneumocytes. Biol Neonate. 2006;90(1):9-16. Epub 2006 Feb 20.

RESULTS: Nitrofen severely decreased TTF-1, HNF-3beta and SP-B mRNA expression by H441 pneumocytes in culture.
16(0,0,2,6) Details
17245593 Takayasu H, Nakazawa N, Montedonico S, Sugimoto K, Sato H, Puri P: Impaired alveolar epithelial cell differentiation in the hypoplastic lung in nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int. 2007 May;23(5):405-10.

To test the hypothesis that the differentiation of AECs-II to AECs-I is impaired in the CDH hypoplastic lung, we investigated molecular markers for AECs-I [ICAM-1, T1alpha, aquaporin 5 (AQP5)] and molecular markers for AECs-II [thyroid transcription factor-1 (Ttf-1), surfactant protein (SP)-B and C] in the nitrofen-induced CDH lung.
13(0,0,2,3) Details
16863852 Gonzalez-Reyes S, Martinez L, Martinez-Calonge W, Fernandez-Dumont V, Tovar JA: Effects of antioxidant vitamins on molecular regulators involved in lung hypoplasia induced by nitrofen. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Aug;41(8):1446-52.

Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta (HNF-3beta), and surfactant protein B (SP-B) proteins were measured by immunoblot assay in lung homogenates from rat fetuses exposed in utero to either nitrofen 100 mg intragastrically or vehicle.
13(0,0,2,3) Details
11051153 Guarino N, Oue T, Shima H, Puri P: Antenatal dexamethasone enhances surfactant protein synthesis in the hypoplastic lung of nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia in rats. J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Oct;35(10):1468-73.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal administration of dexamethasone has any effect on the expression of surfactant protein A and surfactant protein B in nitrofen-induced experimental CDH rat model.
10(0,0,1,5) Details
12194114 Leinwand MJ, Tefft JD, Zhao J, Coleman C, Anderson KD, Warburton D: Nitrofen inhibition of pulmonary growth and development occurs in the early embryonic mouse. J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Sep;37(9):1263-8.

Furthermore, the mRNA expression of proliferative and developmental markers was decreased in nitrofen-exposed E12 lungs cultured for 4 days (as a percentage of age-matched controls): cyclin A (69.28%; P =.04), Nkx2.1 (44.4%, 0.04), SP-A (24.1%; P =.008), SP-B (23.4%; P =.05), SP-C (20%; P =.06), and CC-10 (13.8%; P =.04).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11076806 Guilbert TW, Gebb SA, Shannon JM: Lung hypoplasia in the nitrofen model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs early in development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 Dec;279(6):L1159-71.

Expression of surfactant protein B and C mRNAs was significantly decreased in the nitrofen litters.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10830305 Losada A, Tovar JA, Xia HM, Diez-Pardo JA, Santisteban P: Down-regulation of thyroid transcription factor-1 gene expression in fetal lung hypoplasia is restored by glucocorticoids. Endocrinology. 2000 Jun;141(6):2166-73.


To gain new insights into the causes of this disorder and the effect of prenatal hormonal treatment on reducing mortality in these infants, we evaluated the expression of TTF-1 as marker of lung morphogenesis and SP-B as marker of lung maturity.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
11057544 Shima H, Guarino N, Puri P: Effect of hyperoxia on surfactant protein gene expression in hypoplastic lung in nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia in rats. Pediatr Surg Int. 2000;16(7):473-7.

Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the relative amounts of mRNA expression of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
12378441 Benachi A, Chailley-Heu B, Barlier-Mur AM, Dumez Y, Bourbon J: Expression of surfactant proteins and thyroid transcription factor 1 in an ovine model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Oct;37(10):1393-8.

By contrast with the nitrofen model, TTF-1 expression was not altered in the surgical model indicating different underlying molecular mechanisms in both models.
The mRNA levels for SPs and TTF-1 were determined by Northern blot analysis; SP-A and SP-B protein levels were assessed by Western blot analysis.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
11588001 Thebaud B, Barlier-Mur AM, Chailley-Heu B, Henrion-Caude A, Tibboel D, Dinh-Xuan AT, Bourbon JR: Restoring effects of vitamin A on surfactant synthesis in nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia in rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Sep 15;164(6):1083-9.

The proportion of type II cells assessed by SP-B immunolabeling was lowered in N/+DH and restored by vit A treatment.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12904592 Van Tuyl M, Blommaart PE, Keijzer R, Wert SE, Ruijter JM, Lamers WH, Tibboel D: Pulmonary surfactant protein A, B, and C mRNA and protein expression in the nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia rat model. Pediatr Res. 2003 Nov;54(5):641-52. Epub 2003 Aug 6.

The cellular concentration (mean OD) of SP-A and SP-B mRNA was similar at all stages whereas the mean OD of SP-C mRNA and the volume fraction of cells (% Area) expressing SP mRNA was higher in CDH lungs at term.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12217217 Mori K, Kurihara N, Obi S, Hayashida S, Tokieda K, Ikeda K: Intratracheal instillation of perfluorocarbon rescued mice with primary pulmonary hypoplasia. Exp Lung Res. 2002 Sep;28(6):523-33.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perfluorocarbon on the respiratory status of newborn mice with pulmonary hypoplasia without diaphragmatic defects, following intrauterine exposure to nitrofen.
0(0,0,0,0) Details