| Name | PFGE |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | C alpha formyglycine generating enzyme 2; C alpha formyglycine generating enzyme 2; PSEC0171; SUMF 2; SUMF2; Sulfatase modifying factor 2; Sulfatase modifying factor 2 precursor; UNQ1968/PRO4500… |
| Name | streptomycin |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19149077 | Akcali A, Levent B, Akbas E, Esen B: [Typing of Shigella sonnei strains isolated in some provinces of Turkey using antimicrobial resistance and pulsed field gel electrophoresis methods]. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2008 Oct;42(4):563-72. The aim of this study was to determine the types of S. sonnei strains isolated in different provinces of Turkey [in Marmara earthquake regions (Izmit, n=5; Adapazari, n=6; Yalova, n=2) in 1999 and in Ankara (n=17) in 1997, 2000 and 2001] according to their antimicrobial resistance and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Twenty three (76.6%) of isolates were found resistant to streptomycin, 21 (70%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 20 (66.6%) to tetracycline, 6 (20%) to ampicillin, 3 (10%) to ampicillin/sulbactam and 1 (3.3%) to chloramphenicol. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 17202452 | Swanson SJ, Snider C, Braden CR, Boxrud D, Wunschmann A, Rudroff JA, Lockett J, Smith KE: Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium associated with pet rodents. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jan 4;356(1):21-8. Human, rodent, and environmental isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. In August 2004, isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, which were indistinguishable from one another by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), were obtained from eight hamsters from a Minnesota pet distributor. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19858570 | Onyango MD, Ghebremedhin B, Waindi EN, Kakai R, Rabsch W, Tietze E, Konig W, Konig B: Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of clinical isolates Salmonella serovar Typhimurium in western Kenya. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009 Oct 26;3(9):685-94. Strain diversity was further analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), fluorescence amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP), and multi-locus-variable-number-tandem regions (MLVNTR). Typhimurium strains were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole; ciprofloxacin resistance and phage DT104 were not detected. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19255695 | Lee HY, Yang YJ, Su LH, Hsu CH, Fu YM, Chiu CH: Genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serotype Panama isolated in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2008 Dec;41(6):507-12. METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular typing were performed on 9 clinical isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). High rates of antimicrobial resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66.7%), tetracycline (66.7%), chloramphenicol (66.7%), ampicillin (55.6%), streptomycin (55.6%), kanamycin (55.6%), and gentamicin (44.4%) were found. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 16602986 | Zhao S, McDermott PF, Friedman S, Abbott J, Ayers S, Glenn A, Hall-Robinson E, Hubert SK, Harbottle H, Walker RD, Chiller TM, White DG: Antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness among Salmonella from retail foods of animal origin: NARMS retail meat surveillance. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2006 Spring;3(1):106-17. Overall, resistance was most often observed to tetracycline (40%), streptomycin (37%), ampicillin (26%), and sulfamethoxazole (25%). All Salmonella isolates were analyzed for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns generated by digestion with Xba1 or Xba1 plus Bln1. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 17199518 | Fakhr MK, Sherwood JS, Thorsness J, Logue CM: Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance profiling of Salmonella isolated from retail Turkey meat products. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2006 Winter;3(4):366-74. The Heidelberg serotype showed resistance to multiple antibiotics: 1 isolate had resistance to gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin, and 6 isolates had resistance to tetracycline, gentamycin, sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, and streptomycin. Isolated Salmonella were characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, plasmid analysis, and antibiotic resistance profiling. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 15381266 | Tian Y, Aarestrup FM, Lu CP: Characterization of Streptococcus suis serotype 7 isolates from diseased pigs in Denmark. Vet Microbiol. 2004 Oct 5;103(1-2):55-62. Isolates of Streptococcus suis serotype 7 from diseased pigs in Denmark were characterized by ribotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), MIC-determinations and detection of resistance genes. A high frequency of resistance to erythromycin (41%), tetracycline (24%) and streptomycin (28%) was observed. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 16547573 | d'Azevedo PA, Dias CA, Teixeira LM: Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of enterococcal isolates from Southern region of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2006 Jan-Feb;48(1):11-6. Epub 2006 Mar 9. The genetic diversity of antimicrobial resistant strains was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of SmaI restricted chromosomal DNA. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17400409 | Zhao S, McDermott PF, White DG, Qaiyumi S, Friedman SL, Abbott JW, Glenn A, Ayers SL, Post KW, Fales WH, Wilson RB, Reggiardo C, Walker RD: Characterization of multidrug resistant Salmonella recovered from diseased animals. Vet Microbiol. 2007 Jul 20;123(1-3):122-32. Epub 2007 Mar 7. Resistance was most often observed to tetracycline (78%), followed by streptomycin (73%), sulfamethoxazole (68%), and ampicillin (54%), and to a lesser extent chloramphenicol (37%), kanamycin (37%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20%), and ceftiofur (17%). Three hundred and eighty Salmonella isolates recovered from animal diagnostic samples obtained from four state veterinary diagnostic laboratories (AZ, NC, MO, and TN) between 2002 and 2003 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities and further characterized for bla (CMY) beta-lactamase genes, class 1 integrons and genetic relatedness using PFGE. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19833783 | Udo EE, Sarkhoo E: Genetic analysis of high-level mupirocin resistance in the ST80 clone of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol. 2010 Feb;59(Pt 2):193-9. Epub 2009 Oct 15. Four community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) isolates expressing high-level mupirocin resistance (MIC > 1024 mg l (-1)) were isolated from four sites of a diabetic patient and characterized for the genetic location of their resistance determinants and typed using PFGE, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), the coagulase gene and multilocus sequence typing to ascertain their relatedness. The isolates were resistant to kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and cadmium and harboured mupA, tetK, far1, PVL, agr3 and cap8. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18033829 | Pourshafie MR, Bakhshi B, Ranjbar R, Sedaghat M, Sadeghifard N, Zaemi Yazdi J, Parzadeh M, Raesi J: Dissemination of a single Vibrio cholerae clone in cholera outbreaks during 2005 in Iran. J Med Microbiol. 2007 Dec;56(Pt 12):1615-9. The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that 86, 84, 84 and 82 % of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline, respectively. The strains were genotyped using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), PFGE and ribotyping techniques. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 19864196 | Chu C, Wong DW, Wang MH, Lin HH, Chen YS, Tien N, Shih MC, Chen TH, Chiu CH: Genotyping, plasmid analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolates from humans and chickens in central Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2009 Oct;108(10):765-71. We examined these isolates by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and plasmid analysis. RESULTS: Most isolates were susceptible to the seven antibiotics tested, except chicken isolates in 2005, which showed 70% resistance to streptomycin and 75% to tetracycline. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 17617553 | Nogrady N, Toth A, Kostyak A, Paszti J, Nagy B: Emergence of multidrug-resistant clones of Salmonella Infantis in broiler chickens and humans in Hungary. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Sep;60(3):645-8. Epub 2007 Jul 6. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was tested by PFGE and plasmid profiling. RESULTS: The majority of the isolates representing different parts of Hungary are characterized by phage types 213 and 217 and the nalidixic acid-streptomycin-sulphonamide-tetracycline resistance type. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19926317 | Jiang HX, Lu DH, Chen ZL, Wang XM, Chen JR, Liu YH, Liao XP, Liu JH, Zeng ZL: High prevalence and widespread distribution of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in pigs and poultry in China. Vet J. 2009 Nov 17. E. coli isolates had high rates of resistance to ampicillin (99.5%), doxycycline (95.6%), tetracycline (93.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (74.3%), amoxicillin (65.1%), streptomycin (54.7%), and chloramphenicol (50.2%). Twenty-two cultures exhibiting multi-antimicrobial resistance were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess their distribution between farms. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 16524894 | Sidjabat HE, Townsend KM, Hanson ND, Bell JM, Stokes HW, Gobius KS, Moss SM, Trott DJ: Identification of bla (CMY-7) and associated plasmid-mediated resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from dogs at a veterinary teaching hospital in Australia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 May;57(5):840-8. Epub 2006 Mar 8. METHODS: Phenotypic (MIC determinations, modified double-disc diffusion and isoelectric focusing) and genotypic methods (PFGE, plasmid analysis, PCR, sequencing, Southern hybridization, bacterial conjugation and transformation) were used to characterize, investigate the genetic relatedness of, and identify selected plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes, in the canine MDREC. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of E. coli K12 transformed with CG 2 large plasmids confirmed that the bla (CMY-7)-carrying plasmid did not carry any other antimicrobial resistance genes, whereas the bla (TEM)/class 1 integron-carrying plasmid carried genes conferring resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin also. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19665854 | Shahada F, Sugiyama H, Chuma T, Sueyoshi M, Okamoto K: Genetic analysis of multi-drug resistance and the clonal dissemination of beta-lactam resistance in Salmonella Infantis isolated from broilers. Vet Microbiol. 2010 Jan 6;140(1-2):136-41. Epub 2009 Jul 10. The percentages of resistance were as follows: ampicillin (24%), cephalothin (23%), cefoxitin (0%), ceftazidime (11%), cefotaxime (11%), chloramphenicol (0%), kanamycin (7.5%), ofloxacin (20%), oxytetracycline, streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole (100%) and trimethoprim (75%). BlnI-digested PFGE patterns generated two related clusters implicated in the dissemination of beta-lactam resistance. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18586966 | Kaldhone P, Nayak R, Lynne AM, David DE, McDermott PF, Logue CM, Foley SL: Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg from turkey-associated sources. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Aug;74(16):5038-46. Epub 2008 Jun 27. One hundred eighty S. enterica serovar Heidelberg isolates, collected from turkey-associated production and processing sources, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profile analysis. Resistances to streptomycin (32%), tetracycline (30%), and kanamycin (24%) were most commonly detected. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 15272750 | Thong KL, Bakeri SA, Lai KS, Koh YT, Taib MZ, Lim VK, Yasin RM: Research note: Molecular subtyping of Salmonella enterica serovar Tshiongwe recently isolated in Malaysia during 2001-2002. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004 Mar;35(1):92-6. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis were undertaken on twenty-three strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Tshiongwe, an unusual serovar, which recently emerged in Malaysia. Twenty (87%) and 8 (3.5%) strains had resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin respectively. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 17827139 | Martinez N, Mendoza MC, Rodriguez I, Soto S, Bances M, Rodicio MR: Detailed structure of integrons and transposons carried by large conjugative plasmids responsible for multidrug resistance in diverse genomic types of Salmonella enterica serovar Brandenburg. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Dec;60(6):1227-34. Epub 2007 Sep 7. Brandenburg isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and typed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Resistances to streptomycin, tetracycline, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, encoded by aadA1, tet (A) or tet (B), aphA1, catA1, bla (TEM) and dfrA1-sul1-sul3, respectively, were most frequently observed. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17367687 | Khan AA, Melvin CD, Dagdag EB: Identification and molecular characterization of Salmonella spp. from unpasteurized orange juices and identification of new serotype Salmonella strain S. enterica serovar Tempe. Food Microbiol. 2007 Aug;24(5):539-43. Epub 2006 Oct 17. These strains were sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tetracycline, streptomycin and sulfisoxazole antibiotics. For pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, Salmonella strain plugs were made and digested with XbaI and subjected to 18-h electrophoresis. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18505209 | Farzan A, Friendship RM, Poppe C, Martin L, Dewey CE, Funk J: Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium DTI04 on Ontario swine farms. Can J Vet Res. 2008;72(2):188-94. However, the isolates exhibited resistance against 4 to 10 antimicrobials with the most frequent resistance being to sulfonamides (Su), ampicillin (A), streptomycin (S), spectinomycin (Sp), chloramphenicol (C), tetracycline (T), and florfenicol (F). The isolates were classified into 23 distinct genotypes by PFGE-SpeI + BlnI when difference in at least one fragment was defined as a distinct genotype. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 17993374 | Ponce E, Khan AA, Cheng CM, Summage-West C, Cerniglia CE: Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from imported seafood. Food Microbiol. 2008 Feb;25(1):29-35. Epub 2007 Sep 8. A total of 37 Salmonella Weltevreden isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid profiles and antibiotic susceptibility to assess genetic diversity. Our results showed a low frequency of antibiotic resistance; 35 of the 37 isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, sulfisoxazole, streptomycin and kanamycin. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 16782741 | Antunes P, Machado J, Peixe L: Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 and 2 integrons in Salmonella enterica isolates from different sources in Portugal. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Aug;58(2):297-304. Epub 2006 Jun 16. Conjugation assays and clonality analysis by PFGE were performed. RESULTS: The most common resistance phenotypes were to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin (ranging from 31% to 17%). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17587439 | Ranjbar R, Aleo A, Giammanco GM, Dionisi AM, Sadeghifard N, Mammina C: Genetic relatedness among isolates of Shigella sonnei carrying class 2 integrons in Tehran, Iran, 2002-2003. BMC Infect Dis. 2007 Jun 22;7:62. METHODS: Biotyping, drug susceptibility testing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and analysis of class 2 integrons have been carried out on 60 S. sonnei isolates, including 57 sporadic isolates from paediatric cases of shigellosis occurring in 2002 and 2003, two sporadic isolates recovered in 1984 and the ATCC 9290 strain. RESULTS: Biotype g and resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline were exhibited by 54 of the 57 recent isolates. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19795611 | Kilic A, Bedir O, Tunc T, Besirbellioglu B, Eyigun CP, Basustaoglu AC: [An outbreak of vanA genotype Enterococcus faecium in pediatric clinic of a training hospital]. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2009 Jul;43(3):365-72. Aims of this study were to determine antibiotic susceptibilities by E-test, to investigate the presence of vanA, vanB and vanC-2 resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to genotype the 4 strains by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and repetitive PCR (rep-PCR) (DiversiLab, bioMerieux, France). The isolates were also found resistant to gentamicin, streptomycin, ampicillin, erythromycin, penicillin and were susceptible to tetracycline and linezolid. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 19963297 | Alexander TW, Inglis GD, Yanke LJ, Topp E, Read RR, Reuter T, McAllister TA: Farm-to-fork characterization of Escherichia coli associated with feedlot cattle with a known history of antimicrobial use. Int J Food Microbiol. 2010 Jan 31;137(1):40-8. Epub 2009 Nov 17. Susceptibilities to 11 antimicrobials and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses were conducted on 360 Amp (r) and Tet (r) E. coli isolates. Most (28.2%) Amp (r) E. coli were also resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline, whereas Tet (r) E. coli (53.5%) were mainly resistant to only tetracycline. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 16517842 | Weill FX, Guesnier F, Guibert V, Timinouni M, Demartin M, Polomack L, Grimont PA: Multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from humans in France (1993 to 2003). J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Mar;44(3):700-8. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes (R types), the phage types and XbaI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types, the genes coding for resistance to beta-lactams and to quinolones, and the class 1 integrons among a representative sample of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates collected from humans in 2002 through the French National Reference Center for Salmonella (NRC-Salm) network. The most common multiple antibiotic resistance pattern was resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and spectinomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline (ACSSpSuTe R type), with 156 isolates (48.8%). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19580448 | Dionisi AM, Graziani C, Lucarelli C, Filetici E, Villa L, Owczarek S, Caprioli A, Luzzi I: Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Monophasic variant (S. 4,[5],12:i:-) isolated from human infections in Italy. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2009 Jul-Aug;6(6):711-7. A resistant pattern that includes ampicillin (A), streptomycin (S), sulfonamide (Su), and tetracycline (T) (ASSuT) but lacks resistance to chloramphenicol (C) has recently emerged in Italy among strains of STM and of its monophasic variant, S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar S. 4,[5],12:i:-. With the aim to evaluate their clonal relationships, 553 strains of STM and S. 4,[5],12:i:- with the ASSuT and ACSSuT resistance patterns isolated in Italy from human infections between 2003 and 2006 were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) according to the PulseNet-Europe protocol and nomenclature. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 19959892 | KANG ZW, JUNG JH, KIM SH, LEE BK, LEE DY, KIM YJ, LEE JY, WON HK, KIM EH, HAHN TW: Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from chickens and humans in Korea. J Vet Med Sci. 2009 Nov;71(11):1433-8. Enteritidis isolates from humans (65 isolates) and chickens or their products (108 isolates) were analyzed by antibiotic susceptibility assay, phage typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Drug resistance was found to streptomycin (32.3%), ampicillin (30.6%), nalidixic acid (30.1%), ticarcillin (30.1%), and tetracycline (28.3%). |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 19099358 | Lynne AM, Kaldhone P, David D, White DG, Foley SL: Characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolated from food animals. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2009 Mar;6(2):207-15. Fifty-eight Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolates isolated from food animals were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities and further characterized for select antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid carriage, class 1 integrons, and genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Resistance was most commonly observed to tetracycline (71%), streptomycin (62%), and kanamycin (52%). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19915327 | Futagawa-Saito K, Okatani AT, Sakurai-Komada N, Ba-Thein W, Fukuyasu T: Epidemiological Characteristics of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium from Healthy Pigs in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 2010 Feb;72(1):61-6. Epub 2009 Nov 13. Typhimurium strains recovered from healthy pigs during 1998-1999 (n=12) and 2004-2005 (n=41) as to their carriage of DT104 spacer region, class 1 and 2 integrons, virulence genes (spvC, rck, and pefA), and XbaI- and BlnI-Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. No DT104 strain was detected in 1998-1999, whereas 65.9% (27/41) of the strains in 2004-2005 were DT104 showing resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and cephaloridine (R-type ACSSuT+). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18786941 | Kehrenberg C, Wallmann J, Schwarz S: Molecular analysis of florfenicol-resistant Pasteurella multocida isolates in Germany. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Nov;62(5):951-5. Epub 2008 Sep 10. PFGE served to determine the clonality of the isolates. Complete sequence analysis identified an RSF1010-like plasmid backbone with the mobilization genes mobA, mobB and mobC, the plasmid replication genes repA, repB and repC, the sulphonamide resistance gene sul2 and the streptomycin resistance genes strA and strB. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15814968 | Stampone L, Del Grosso M, Boccia D, Pantosti A: Clonal spread of a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain among bloodstream-infecting isolates in Italy. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Apr;43(4):1575-80. All type 1 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin and were positive for the esp gene. Further characterization included antibiotic susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI-digested genomic DNA, detection of virulence genes (esp and hyl), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of selected isolates. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 17827887 | Yamasaki S, Hara K, Izumiya H, Watanabe H, Misawa N, Okamoto K, Takase K: decarboxylase-negative Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis: antibiotic susceptibility, phage and PFGE typing. J Vet Med Sci. 2007 Aug;69(8):813-8. One hundred twenty Salmonella Enteritidis isolates collected from 1992 to 2005 in Nagasaki prefecture (65 isolates from 40 outbreak cases, 44 from sporadic diarrhea patients, and 11 from chicken-related products) were investigated by their antibiotic susceptibility profiles, phage typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Out of them, 18 were identified as decarboxylase (LDC)-negative isolates, and 15 showed resistance toward streptomycin. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18757574 | Zhao S, White DG, Friedman SL, Glenn A, Blickenstaff K, Ayers SL, Abbott JW, Hall-Robinson E, McDermott PF: Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolates from retail meats, including poultry, from 2002 to 2006. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Nov;74(21):6656-62. Epub 2008 Aug 29. The highest resistance in poultry isolates was to tetracycline (39.9%), followed by streptomycin (37.8%), sulfamethoxazole (27.7%), gentamicin (25.7%), kanamycin (21.5%), ampicillin (19.8%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (10.4%), and ceftiofur (9.0%). Isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility and compared genetically using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and PCR for the bla (CMY) gene. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19358450 | Majtanova L, Majtan V: [Molecular biological and phenotypical characterization of human isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+ or Salmonella java]. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2009 Feb;58(1):25-30. Genotypic characteristics of the study isolates were determined by PCR with primers for the detection of class 1 integrons, plasmid profile analysis and PFGE for the study of genetic diversity. All study isolates were resistant to streptomycin and sulfisoxazole, two of them were multiresistant (to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, ampicillin and nalidixic acid). |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 16964333 | Delgado Ronda N, Munoz Bellido JL, Garcia Garcia MI, Ibanez Perez R, Munoz Criado S, Serrano Heranz R, Saenz Gonzalez MC, Garcia Rodriguez JA: Molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in Spain. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2006 Jun;19(2):152-60. There were two predominant resistance phenotypes: 43 isolates (29.3%) were resistant to amoxicillin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole and 27 isolates (18.4%) to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed for molecular typing. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15950082 | Hens DK, Niyogi SK, Kumar R: Epidemic strain Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 Dt66 encodes several drug resistances by chromosome. Arch Med Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;36(4):399-403. All epidemic Shigella isolates were resistant to amoxycillin, ampicillin, bacitracin, carbenicillin, cefixime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, clarithromycin, erythromycin, methicillin, penicillin G, polymixin B, streptomycin, rifampicin, tetracycline and vancomycin, among 29 antibiotics used. PFGE was performed for typing of wild-type and plasmid-cured strains. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15992312 | Zhao S, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Friedman S, McDermott PF, Walker RD, Qaiyumi S, Foley SL, Hubert SK, Ayers S, English L, Dargatz DA, Salamone B, White DG: Characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium of animal origin obtained from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2005 Summer;2(2):169-81. A total of 311 PFGE patterns were generated using XbaI, indicating a genetically diverse population. Salmonella isolates displayed resistance most often to streptomycin (63%), tetracycline (61%), ampicillin (61%), and to a lesser extent, chloramphenicol (36%), ceftiofur (15%), gentamicin (9%), and nalidixic acid (4%), with more resistance observed among diagnostic isolates. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19741292 | Al-Sanouri TM, Paglietti B, Haddadin A, Murgia M, Bacciu D, Youssef M, Rubino S: Emergence of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance in epidemic and non-epidemic strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi from Jordan. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2008 Aug 30;2(4):295-301. The genomic analysis using PFGE showed: a) the outbreak was caused by an introduced circulating clone with/without an MDR plasmid, and b) isolates from the sporadic cases from 2005 are the same MDR clone that persisted and spread in the country. Typhi were resistant to streptomycin. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18095425 | Valdezate S, Arroyo M, Gonzalez-Sanz R, Ramiro R, Herrera-Leon S, Usera MA, De la Fuente M, Echeita A: Antimicrobial resistance and phage and molecular typing of Salmonella strains isolated from food for human consumption in Spain. J Food Prot. 2007 Dec;70(12):2741-8. Resistance rates for Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and the miscellaneous group were, respectively, 8.3, 69.8, and 13.9% for ampicillin, 3.1, 52.8, and 59% for streptomycin, 40.6, 22.6, and 10.4% for nalidixic acid, 15.6, 71.7, and 31.1% for tetracycline, 7.3, 18.8, and 9.5% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0, 50.9, and 4.3% for chloramphenicol, and 6.2, 71.7, and 17.4% for multiple (at least four) antimicrobials. Serovars were characterized by serotyping, phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, and 264 nonrelated strains were selected for further analysis. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 17336354 | Bessa MC, Michael GB, Canu N, Canal CW, Cardoso M, Rabsch W, Rubino S: Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from pigs in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Res Vet Sci. 2007 Dec;83(3):302-10. Epub 2007 Mar 2. Sixty-six isolates from pigs belonging to three commercial companies were submitted to phage typing, XbaI-macrorestriction (PFGE), IS200 hybridization, rep-PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and PCR assay targeting the spvR region. High rates of tetracycline, sulfonamide and streptomycin resistance were found. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18823722 | Luque I, Echeita A, Leon J, Herrera-Leon S, Tarradas C, Gonzalez-Sanz R, Huerta B, Astorga RJ: Salmonella Indiana as a cause of abortion in ewes: Genetic diversity and resistance patterns. Vet Microbiol. 2009 Mar 2;134(3-4):396-9. Epub 2008 Aug 23. Indiana strains were isolated from the ewes and wild birds and the genetic similarity among them analysed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) after the digestion of their genomic DNA with the restriction enzyme XbaI. The strains recovered were fully susceptible to 15 out of the 16 antimicrobial agents tested: ampicillin, amoxycillin clavulanate, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sulphonamides, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, apramycin, colistin and chloramphenicol. |
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| 16122913 | Biendo M, Laurans G, Thomas D, Canarelli B, Hamdad-Daoudi F, Rousseau F, Castelain S, Eb F: Molecular characterisation and mechanisms of resistance of multidrug-resistant human Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated in Amiens (France). Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2005 Sep;26(3):219-29. Combining enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), 16 distinct patterns were identified, among which patterns IA (35.3%) and IF (27.4%) were considered as epidemic patterns. Ninety-eight percent of isolates were resistant to streptomycin (MIC range, 48-256 mg/L), 92.2% to tetracycline (MIC range, 32 to > 256 mg/L), 88.2% to chloramphenicol (MIC> 256 mg/L), 21.5% to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (MIC> 32 mg/L), 5.8% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (MIC, 32 mg/L) and 1.9% to cefalothin (MIC, 64mg/L). |
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| 19589900 | Izumiya H, Tada Y, Ito K, Morita-Ishihara T, Ohnishi M, Terajima J, Watanabe H: Characterization of Shigella sonnei isolates from travel-associated cases in Japan. J Med Microbiol. 2009 Nov;58(Pt 11):1486-91. Epub 2009 Jul 9. A core drug-resistance pattern of streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was observed in 108 isolates, irrespective of their geographical areas of origin, but the frequency of resistance to nalidixic acid was high among the South Asian and East Asian isolates. A total of 195 S. sonnei isolates in Japan, isolated from cases associated with foreign travel, were analysed by biotyping and molecular typing using PFGE and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA); their antimicrobial susceptibilities were also evaluated. |
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| 18755045 | Ranjbar R, Mammina C, Pourshafie MR, Soltan-Dallal MM: Characterization of endemic Shigella boydii strains isolated in Iran by serotyping, antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profile, ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. BMC Res Notes. 2008 Aug 29;1:74. FINDINGS: Ten S. boydii strains isolated from pediatric cases of gastroenteritis and acute diarrhea in Tehran between December 2002 and November 2003 were submitted to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, plasmid profile analysis, ribotyping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Six drug resistance phenotypes (R1 to R6) were defined with R4 - streptomycin (STR), ampicillin (AMP), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) - being the most prevalent. |
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| 16825363 | Harbottle H, White DG, McDermott PF, Walker RD, Zhao S: Comparison of multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antimicrobial susceptibility typing for characterization of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Jul;44(7):2449-57. Although pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the current "gold standard" typing method for Salmonella, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) may be more relevant to investigations exploring evolutionary and population biology relationships. Salmonella isolates displayed resistance most often to sulfamethoxazole (57%), streptomycin (56%), tetracycline (56%), ampicillin (52%), and ceftiofur (49%) and, to a lesser extent, to kanamycin (19%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (17%), and gentamicin (11%). |
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| 18523399 | Udo EE, Panigrahi D, Jamsheer AE: Molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in a Bahrain hospital. Med Princ Pract. 2008;17(4):308-14. Epub 2008 Jun 3. METHODS: A total of 53 consecutive MRSA isolates obtained from 53 patients were studied using antibacterial resistance patterns, coagulase gene polymorphism, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: There was a high prevalence of resistance to (92.5%), ciprofloxacin (92.5%), erythromycin (90.6%), tetracycline (88.7%), trimethoprim (88.7%), streptomycin (88.7%), kanamycin (83.0%) and gentamicin (73.6%). |
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| 19270132 | Bibbal D, Dupouy V, Prere MF, Toutain PL, Bousquet-Melou A: Relatedness of Escherichia coli strains with different susceptibility phenotypes isolated from swine feces during ampicillin treatment. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 May;75(10):2999-3006. Epub 2009 Mar 6. Ampicillin-resistant E. coli isolates were mainly multiresistant, and 53% of the isolates from the treated pigs had one phenotype that included resistance to six antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and streptomycin) at day 7. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing revealed that ampicillin treatment selected ampicillin-resistant isolates with genotypes which were present before treatment. |
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| 20348087 | Perreten V, Kadlec K, Schwarz S, Gronlund Andersson U, Finn M, Greko C, Moodley A, Kania SA, Frank LA, Bemis DA, Franco A, Iurescia M, Battisti A, Duim B, Wagenaar JA, van Duijkeren E, Weese JS, Fitzgerald JR, Rossano A, Guardabassi L: Clonal spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Europe and North America: an international multicentre study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Mar 25. In addition to mecA-mediated beta-lactam resistance, isolates showed resistance to trimethoprim [dfr (G)] (90.3%), gentamicin/kanamycin [aac (6')-Ie-aph (2')-Ia] (88.3%), kanamycin [aph (3')-III] (90.3%), streptomycin [ant (6')-Ia] (90.3%), streptothricin (sat4) (90.3%), macrolides and/or lincosamides [erm (B), lnu (A)] (89.3%), fluoroquinolones (87.4%), tetracycline [tet (M) and/or tet (K)] (69.9%), chloramphenicol (cat (pC221)) (57.3%) and rifampicin (1.9%). Genetic diversity was assessed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), PFGE and spa typing. |
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| 15070992 | Kariuki S, Revathi G, Muyodi J, Mwituria J, Munyalo A, Mirza S, Hart CA: Characterization of multidrug-resistant typhoid outbreaks in Kenya. J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Apr;42(4):1477-82. We characterized by antibiotic susceptibility, plasmid analysis, incompatibility grouping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI- and SpeI-digested DNA 102 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (serovar Typhi) isolated from recent outbreaks of typhoid in three different parts of Kenya. Only 13.7% were fully susceptible, whereas another 82.4% were resistant to each of the five commonly available drugs: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline (MICs of > 256 microg/ml); streptomycin (MIC, > 1,024 microg/ml); and cotrimoxazole (MIC of > 32 microg/ml). |
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| 15904965 | Qu TT, Chen YG, Yu YS, Wei ZQ, Zhou ZH, Li LJ: Genotypic diversity and epidemiology of high-level gentamicin resistant Enterococcus in a Chinese hospital. J Infect. 2006 Feb;52(2):124-30. And the HLGR and high-level streptomycin resistant (HLSR) isolates were screened by agar screen. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to analyze the homology of HLGR isolates from in-patients. |
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| 16632075 | Aucken HM, O'Neill G, Ganner M, Dinerstein N, Ali M, Murchan S: Irish-1 and Irish-2: UK epidemic meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with Northern Ireland. J Hosp Infect. 2006 Jun;63(2):170-8. Epub 2006 Apr 24. Sixty-nine percent of Irish-2 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin and streptomycin, while 90% of Irish-1 isolates were resistant to all these plus gentamicin and mupirocin. Ninety isolates with the Irish-1 phage pattern and 91 isolates with the Irish-2 phage pattern, from numerous hospitals, were characterized by SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), toxin gene carriage and antibiotic susceptibility. |
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| 19968729 | Jackson CR, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Davis JA, Barrett JB, Brousse JH, Gustafson J, Kucher M: Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness among enterococci isolated from dogs and cats in the United States. J Appl Microbiol. 2009 Nov 7. Methods and Results: Enterococci resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, lincomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin and tetracycline were screened for the presence of 15 antimicrobial resistance genes. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), isolates clustered according to enterococcal species, source and antimicrobial gene content and indistinguishable patterns were observed for some isolates from dogs and cats. |
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| 19432517 | Best EL, Hampton MD, Ethelberg S, Liebana E, Clifton-Hadley FA, Threlfall EJ: Drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT 120: use of PFGE and MLVA in a putative international outbreak investigation. Microb Drug Resist. 2009 Jun;15(2):133-8. Isolates from England had the resistance profile (ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline), MLVA profiles 2-4-4-0-2, 2-4-5-0-2, and 2-4-0-0-2, and the PFGE type STYMXB.0083. |
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| 15910231 | Kuzucu C, Cizmeci Z, Durmaz R, Durmaz B, Ozerol IH: The prevalence of fecal colonization of enterococci, the resistance of the isolates to ampicillin, vancomycin, and high-level aminoglycosides, and the clonal relationship among isolates. Microb Drug Resist. 2005 Summer;11(2):159-64. The gastrointestinal tract carriage of enterococci was searched in 150 hospitalized patients and 100 outpatients, and clonal relatedness of the isolates and their resistance to ampicillin, vancomycin, and high-level streptomycin and gentamicin were investigated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) methods were used for molecular typing of the strains. |
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| 16269697 | Hoyle DV, Yates CM, Chase-Topping ME, Turner EJ, Davies SE, Low JC, Gunn GJ, Woolhouse ME, Amyes SG: Molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant commensal Escherichia coli strains in a cohort of newborn calves. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Nov;71(11):6680-8. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to investigate the dissemination and diversity of ampicillin-resistant (Amp (r)) and nalidixic acid-resistant (Nal (r)) commensal Escherichia coli strains in a cohort of 48 newborn calves. Carriage of resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline was the most common combination, found across several different genotypes, suggesting the possible spread of a common resistance element across multiple strains. |
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| 17612059 | Santos FB, Dsouza DH, Jaykus L, Ferket PR, Sheldon BW: Genotypes, serotypes, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella isolated from commercial North Carolina turkey farms. J Food Prot. 2007 Jun;70(6):1328-33. Genotyping was done by restriction digestion of cDNA (XbaI) and subsequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Isolates were resistant to tetracycline (86%), sulfisoxazole (71%), streptomycin (64%), gentamicin (41%), ampicillin (36%), kanamycin (26%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (7%), nalidixic acid (5%), cefoxitin (2%), and ceftiofur (2%). |
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| 16340226 | Udo EE, Al-Sweih N, Mohanakrishnan S, West PW: Antibacterial resistance and molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Kuwaiti general hospital. Med Princ Pract. 2006;15(1):39-45. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The isolates were characterized by antibacterial susceptibility testing, coagulase serotyping, coagulase gene polymorphism (coag-RFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The prevalence of gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin resistance remained high (80-96%) throughout the study period, but the prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin, and mupirocin steadily increased. |
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| 19618691 | Zhu M, Xie ZQ, Zhang LS, Xia SL, Yang WZ, Ran L, Wang ZJ: Characterization of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium from outpatients of 28 hospitals in Henan province in 2006. Biomed Environ Sci. 2009 Apr;22(2):136-40. Thirty-three percent of S. typhimurium isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (R-type ACSSuT). OBJECTIVE: To characterize the diarrheal patients with Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infections and to set up the first baseline for S. typhimurium pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns in Henan province, thus laying a foundation for comprehensive surveillance of Salmonella in human as well as foods. |
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| 17544234 | Srinivasan V, Gillespie BE, Lewis MJ, Nguyen LT, Headrick SI, Schukken YH, Oliver SP: Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cows with mastitis. Vet Microbiol. 2007 Oct 6;124(3-4):319-28. Epub 2007 Apr 29. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, susceptibility to 26 antimicrobial agents used in veterinary and human medicine, and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from cows with mastitis were evaluated. Most E. coli were resistant to antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine including ampicillin (98.4%, > or=32 microg/ml) and many E. coli were resistant to streptomycin (40.3%, > or=64 microg/ml), sulfisoxazole (34.1%, > or=512 microg/ml), and tetracycline (24.8%, > or=16 microg/ml). |
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| 17629465 | Tamang MD, Oh JY, Seol SY, Kang HY, Lee JC, Lee YC, Cho DT, Kim J: Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi associated with a class 1 integron carrying the dfrA7 gene cassette in Nepal. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007 Oct;30(4):330-5. Epub 2007 Jul 12. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI-generated genomic restriction fragments yielded 12 different patterns. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol was mediated by sul1, strA-strB, blaTEM-like, tetB and catA genes, respectively. |
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| 19278340 | Kalender H, Sen S, Hasman H, Hendriksen RS, Aarestrup FM: Antimicrobial susceptibilities, phage types, and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from chickens and chicken meat in turkey. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2009 Apr;6(3):265-71. Thirty-eight Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from chickens and chicken meat in Turkey were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, phage types, plasmid profiles, and resistance genes. Six isolates were resistant to gentamicin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and sulphamethoxazole and one of these in addition to nalidixic acid. |
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| 19253091 | Bakhshi B, Pourshafie MR: Assessing clonality of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated during four consecutive years (2004 - 2007) in Iran. Scand J Infect Dis. 2009;41(4):256-62. Antimicrobial susceptibility test, biochemical fingerprinting with Plate system (PhP-RV) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed. The predominant antimicrobial resistance profile (62%) was simultaneous resistance to SXT, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. |
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| 16485477 | Wedel SD, Bender JB, Leano FT, Boxrud DJ, Hedberg C, Smith KE: Antimicrobial-drug susceptibility of human and animal Salmonella typhimurium, Minnesota, 1997-2003. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Dec;11(12):1899-906. We compared antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtypes of 1,028 human and 716 animal Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from Minnesota from 1997 to 2003. Predominant phenotypes included resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol or kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline (ACSSuT or AKSSuT). |
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| 16221760 | Novais C, Coque TM, Costa MJ, Sousa JC, Baquero F, Peixe LV: High occurrence and persistence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in poultry food samples in Portugal. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 Dec;56(6):1139-43. Epub 2005 Oct 12. Samples were enriched and plated on selective media with and without vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin or kanamycin. Clonal relatedness was established by PFGE. |
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| 19028622 | Sabtcheva S, Saga T, Kantardjiev T, Ivanova M, Ishii Y, Kaku M: Nosocomial spread of armA-mediated high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolates producing CTX-M-3 beta-lactamase in a cancer hospital in Bulgaria. J Chemother. 2008 Oct;20(5):593-9. ArmA-mediated aminoglycoside resistance was transferable by conjugation and carried by closely related IncL/M plasmids which also carried ant3"9, dfrXII, sul1, bla (TEM-1), and bla (CTX-M-3) genes encoding resistance to streptomycin-spectinomycin, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and ss-lactams, respectively. Most of the isolates were genetically different according to PFGE but shared similar restriction patterns of the armA -encoding plasmids. |
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| 15033267 | Zweifel C, Zychowska MA, Stephan R: Prevalence and characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. isolated from slaughtered sheep in Switzerland. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004 Apr 1;92(1):45-53. Of the 114 isolated Campylobacter spp. strains, 64.9% were shown to be Campylobacter jejuni and 35.1% Campylobacter coli, nine strains showed resistance against tetracycline, ciprofloxacin/nalidixic acid or streptomycin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for genotyping and 22 different restriction endonuclease digestion profiles were found among these strains for the different farms of origin. |
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| 16846516 | Mammina C, Aleo A, Romani C, Nastasi A: Shigella sonnei biotype G carrying class 2 integrons in southern Italy: a retrospective typing study by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Jul 17;6:117. Molecular typing was performed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion of DNA by XbaI. None of the isolates was simultaneous resistant to streptomycin and trimethoprim and none was class 2 integron positive. |
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| 16295549 | Tanil GB, Radu S, Nishibuchi M, Rahim RA, Napis S, Maurice L, Gunsalam JW: Characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from coastal seawater in peninsular Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005 Jul;36(4):940-5. Twenty-one Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates representing 21 samples of coastal seawater from three beaches in peninsular Malaysia were found to be sensitive to streptomycin, norfloxacin and chloramphenicol. DNA fingerprinting of the isolates using ERIC-PCR and PFGE showed that the isolates belong to two major clonal groups, with several isolates from different locations in the same group, indicating the presence of similar strains in the different locations. |
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| 17196695 | Baumgartner A, Kuffer M, Suter D, Jemmi T, Rohner P: Antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica strains from human patients, pigs and retail pork in Switzerland. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007 Apr 1;115(1):110-4. Epub 2006 Dec 29. When examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), two strains of fecal origin with an identical pattern of resistance to six antimicrobial agents were shown to be unrelated. Less than 10% of clinical isolates and strains from pig feces were resistant to streptomycin, sulfonamide, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracyclin, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol, but strains from retail pork were all susceptible to these antimicrobial agents. |
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| 15892748 | Picozzi C, Foschino R, Heuvelink A, Beumer R: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of -negative or slow-fermenting (suspected O157) Escherichia coli isolated from milk samples in Lombardy region. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2005;40(6):491-6. Susceptibility to 11 antibiotics highlighted the high resistance to tetracycline (50%), sulfonamide and streptomycin (33%). PFGE identified seven distinct XbaI macrorestriction patterns at a similarity level of 41%. |
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| 16352736 | Tankson JD, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Jackson CR, Headrick M: Genetic relatedness of a rarely isolated Salmonella: Salmonella enterica serotype Niakhar from NARMS animal isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Feb;57(2):190-8. Epub 2005 Dec 13. Antimicrobial resistance testing indicated that three isolates were pan-susceptible, one isolate was resistant to ampicillin and one isolate was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. RAPD-PCR analysis, PFGE and ribotyping indicated that two pan-susceptible isolates were genetically similar, whereas the three remaining isolates were genetically different. |
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| 17658448 | Molla B, Miko A, Pries K, Hildebrandt G, Kleer J, Schroeter A, Helmuth R: Class 1 integrons and resistance gene cassettes among multidrug resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from slaughter animals and foods of animal origin in Ethiopia. Acta Trop. 2007 Aug;103(2):142-9. Epub 2007 Jun 6. A total of 98 epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella isolates comprising 13 serovars were characterized using serotyping, phage typing, antimicrobial resistance testing and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. Among the Salmonella serovars, a high level of antimicrobial resistance was found to streptomycin (82.6%), tetracycline (75.5%), sulfamethoxazole (60.2%), spectinomycin (53.1%), ampicillin (42.8%), nalidixic acid (34.7%), nitrofurantoin (30.6%), trimethoprim (27.5%), gentamicin (20.4%) and ciprofloxacin (19.4%). |
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| 19432017 | Vigo GB, Origlia J, Gornatti D, Piscopo M, Salve A, Caffer MI, Pichel M, Binsztein N, Leotta GA: Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium from dead blue and gold macaws (Ara ararauna). Avian Dis. 2009 Mar;53(1):135-8. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The XbaI-PFGE profile of the Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from the two animals, which shared the same cage, was identical and showed a unique pattern compared with 301 isolates included in the PulseNet national database of Salmonella pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. |
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| 15652217 | Khan SA, Nawaz MS, Khan AA, Hopper SL, Jones RA, Cerniglia CE: Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. from poultry and dairy farms: detection of virulence and vancomycin resistance gene markers by PCR. Mol Cell Probes. 2005 Feb;19(1):27-34. Epub 2004 Nov 12. Most of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, bacitracin, kanamycin and nalidixic acid but sensitive to ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and ofloxacin. Analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and a comparison of smaI banding profiles showed 11 different patterns. |
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| 17108272 | Ahmed AM, Furuta K, Shimomura K, Kasama Y, Shimamoto T: Genetic characterization of multidrug resistance in Shigella spp. from Japan. J Med Microbiol. 2006 Dec;55(Pt 12):1685-91. PFGE patterns showed limited diversity within clusters of the same species. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed high levels of resistance, especially to ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. |
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| 15256029 | Udo EE, Al-Sweih N, John P, Jacob LE, Mohanakrishnan S: Characterization of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci in Kuwait hospitals. Microb Drug Resist. 2004 Summer;10(2):139-45. The MICs of gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, and streptomycin were determined by agar dilution and the genes encoding the AAC (6')- APH (2"), ANT (4'), APH (3'), APH (2")-Ib, APH (2")-Ic, APH (2")-Id, and ANT (6) enzymes were amplified by PCR. They were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). |
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| 16816399 | Yan JJ, Hsueh PR, Lu JJ, Chang FY, Ko WC, Wu JJ: Characterization of acquired beta-lactamases and their genetic support in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Taiwan: the prevalence of unusual integrons. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Sep;58(3):530-6. Epub 2006 Jul 1. PFGE revealed genetic diversity among the multidrug-resistant isolates from different hospitals. The bla (OXA-10)-containing integron includes a catB3 cassette and a fused gene cassette, which is made up of bla (OXA-17) and a novel streptomycin-spectinomycin gene, designated aadA15. |
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| 16091439 | Ahmed AM, Kawamoto H, Inouye K, Hashiwata Y, Sakaki M, Seno M, Shimamoto T: Genomic analysis of a multidrug-resistant strain of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 causing a family outbreak in Japan. J Med Microbiol. 2005 Sep;54(Pt 9):867-72. Surprisingly, DNA fingerprinting profiles obtained by PFGE showed that the first isolate, 03064, had unique XbaI and BlnI profiles that differed from the other three isolates. Furthermore, isolate 03064 showed a multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype against streptomycin, spectinomycin, co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole), ampicillin and tetracycline; the other isolates were completely sensitive to these antibiotics. |
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| 18566144 | Pazhani GP, Niyogi SK, Singh AK, Sen B, Taneja N, Kundu M, Yamasaki S, Ramamurthy T: Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Shigella species isolated from epidemic and endemic cases of shigellosis in India. J Med Microbiol. 2008 Jul;57(Pt 7):856-63. The majority of the strains harboured genes encoding resistance to ampicillin (97 %), tetracycline (95 %), streptomycin (95 %) and chloramphenicol (94 %). PFGE analysis revealed clonality among strains of S. dysenteriae types 1 and 5, S. flexneri type 2a and Shigella boydii type 12. |
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| 15910235 | Martinez N, Mendoza MC, Guerra B, Gonzalez-Hevia MA, Rodicio MR: Genetic basis of antimicrobial drug resistance in clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar from a Spanish region. Microb Drug Resist. 2005 Summer;11(2):185-93. The isolates showed a limited genomic variation, as demonstrated by PFGE analysis using XbaI (three profiles, S> or=0.77) and BlnI (seven profiles, S> or=0.49; with 95% of the isolates falling into two clusters, S> or=0.75). Resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin and ampicillin-cefalotin, encoded by gyrA-Asp87/ tet (A), strA/B, and bla (TEM) genes, respectively, were the most common, appearing together in 38% of the isolates. |
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| 15761064 | Kang HY, Jeong YS, Oh JY, Tae SH, Choi CH, Moon DC, Lee WK, Lee YC, Seol SY, Cho DT, Lee JC: Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons found in Escherichia coli isolates from humans and animals in Korea. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 May;55(5):639-44. Epub 2005 Mar 10. The clonal relationship of E. coli isolates carrying an identical cassette array was analysed by PFGE. RESULTS: Commensal E. coli isolates from animals were highly resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents such as tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin and carbenicillin. |
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| 19734605 | Jeric PE, Azpiroz A, Lopardo H, Centron D: Survey of molecular determinants in Gram-positive cocci isolated from hospital settings in Argentina. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2007 Dec 1;1(3):275-83. METHODOLOGY: The MICs to amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin were determined by the standard broth dilution method according to CLSI recommendations. Detection of resistance genes to the antibiotic tested was assessed by the PCR standard technique whereas the clonal relationships of each species was performed by PFGE. |
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| 16781090 | Vo AT, van Duijkeren E, Fluit AC, Heck ME, Verbruggen A, van der Zwaluw K, Gaastra W: Class 1 integrons in Dutch Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin isolates from clinical cases of bovine salmonellosis. Vet Microbiol. 2006 Oct 31;117(2-4):192-200. Epub 2006 Jun 14. Analysis of plasmid profiles and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns showed at least some clonality among the Salmonella Dublin isolates, but 11 different types could be distinguished based on both XbaI and BlnI-PFGE patterns. A combination of resistance against chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphonamides was the most common phenotype observed. |
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| 15690806 | Duffy EA, Lucia LM, Kells JM, Castillo A, Pillai SD, Acuff GR: Concentrations of Escherichia coli and genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profiling of Salmonella isolated from irrigation water, packing shed equipment, and fresh produce in Texas. J Food Prot. 2005 Jan;68(1):70-9. All Salmonella isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method, and 20% (5 of 25) of the isolates had intermediate sensitivity to streptomycin. Serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) assays were applied to all Salmonella isolates to evaluate the genetic diversity of the isolates and to determine relationships between sources of contamination. |
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| 17554469 | Al-Gallas N, Abbassi SM, Hassan AB, Aissa RB: Genotypic and phenotypic profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated with acute diarrhea in Tunis, Tunisia. Curr Microbiol. 2007 Jul;55(1):47-55. Epub 2007 Jun 6. Resistance of ETEC isolates to tetracycline (38.5%), streptomycin (26%), and beta-lactam agents (ticarcillin 26%, amoxicillin 24.6%, cephalotin 21.5%) was common. DNA macrorestriction fragment analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the XbaI enzyme was conducted to investigate the epidemiological clonal relationship among ETEC isolates. |
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| 20040104 | Kiiru JN, Saidi SM, Goddeeris BM, Wamae NC, Butaye P, Kariuki SM: Molecular characterisation of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains carrying an SXT/R391-like element from cholera outbreaks in Kenya: 1994-2007. BMC Microbiol. 2009 Dec 29;9:275. Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that regardless of the year of isolation, all the strains bearing the SXT element were clonally related. They all contained strB, sulII, floR and the dfrA1 genes encoding resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim respectively. |
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| 20158605 | Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Meyer C, Bonke R, Stuber E, Wacheck S: Characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 isolates from tonsils of Bavarian slaughter pigs. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2010 Feb 1. PFGE using NotI, ApaI and XhoI enzymes revealed 31 genotypes. Low resistance was noted to streptomycin (9%), sulphamethoxazole (9%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (5%) and tetracycline (1%) by agar disc diffusion method. |
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| 18707787 | Nogrady N, Kardos G, Bistyak A, Turcsanyi I, Meszaros J, Galantai Z, Juhasz A, Samu P, Kaszanyitzky JE, Paszti J, Kiss I: Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella infantis isolates originating from different points of the broiler chicken-human food chain in Hungary. Int J Food Microbiol. 2008 Sep 30;127(1-2):162-7. Epub 2008 Jul 8. All but one were characterized by the nalidixic acid-streptomycin-sulphonamide-tetracycline resistances, had an 885 bp class 1 integron and a large plasmid of > 168 kb in size. Isolation, sero-, phage- and antibiotic resistance typing, class 1 integron and plasmid profiling of the strains were performed; their genetic relationship was assessed by PFGE. |
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