Protein Information

Name sodium channel (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Sodium channel

Compound Information

Name malathion
CAS diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thio]butanedioate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18260698 Boone MD: Examining the single and interactive effects of three insecticides on amphibian metamorphosis. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008 Jul;27(7):1561-8.

I exposed tadpoles to single or multiple insecticides at approximately half the reported median lethal concentrations using insecticides that were either acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (carbaryl or malathion) or a sodium-channel disruptor (permethrin).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18051777 Djadid ND, Forouzesh F, Karimi M, Raeisi A, Hassan-Zehi A, Zakeri S: Monitoring pyrethroid insecticide resistance in major malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies: comparison of molecular tools and conventional susceptibility test. Iran Biomed J. 2007 Jul;11(3):169-76.

METHODS: In current study, along with WHO routine susceptibility test with DDT (4%), dieldrin (0.4%), malathion (5%), permethrin (0.25%), lambadacyhalothrin (0.1%), and deltamethrin 0.025, we cloned and sequenced segment VI of domain II (SII6) in voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene of An. culicifacies specimens collected in Sistan and Baluchistan province (Iran).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
17915510 Durand R, Millard B, Bouges-Michel C, Bruel C, Bouvresse S, Izri A: Detection of pyrethroid resistance gene in head lice in schoolchildren from Bobigny, France. J Med Entomol. 2007 Sep;44(5):796-8.

Resistance to insecticides belonging to pyrethroids and other pediculicides, such as malathion, is responsible for frequently reported treatment failures.
Recent studies showed that a M815I-T929I-L932F kdr-like mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunit gene was associated with permethrin resistance in head lice from several countries worldwide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16739412 Kristensen M, Knorr M, Rasmussen AM, Jespersen JB: Survey of permethrin and malathion resistance in human head lice populations from Denmark. J Med Entomol. 2006 May;43(3):533-8.

The frequency of the double mutation T929I-L932 F in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene associated with permethrin resistance was 0.95 in Danish head lice populations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12823830 Enayati AA, Vatandoost H, Ladonni H, Townson H, Hemingway J: Molecular evidence for a kdr-like pyrethroid resistance mechanism in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Jun;17(2):138-44.

Extensive use of residual insecticide spraying for malaria vector control has selected An. stephensi resistance to DDT, dieldrin, malathion and other organophosphates throughout much of its range and to pyrethroids in the Middle East.
From both strains of An. stephensi, we obtained a 237-bp fragment of genomic DNA encoding segment 6 of domain II of the para type voltage-gated sodium channel, i.e. the putative kdr locus.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17373952 Matambo TS, Abdalla H, Brooke BD, Koekemoer LL, Mnzava A, Hunt RH, Coetzee M: Insecticide resistance in the malarial mosquito Anopheles arabiensis and association with the kdr mutation. Med Vet Entomol. 2007 Mar;21(1):97-102.


Adults from the F-16 generation of the resistant strain were exposed to all four classes of insecticides approved for use in malaria vector control and showed high levels of resistance to them all (24-h mortalities: malathion, 16.7%; bendiocarb, 33.3%; DDT, 12.1%; dieldrin, 0%; deltamethrin, 24.0%; permethrin, 0%).
0(0,0,0,0) Details