Protein Information

Name ace 1
Synonyms ACE; ACE 1; ACE T; ACE1; Angiotensin I converting enzyme; Angiotensin I converting enzyme protein; CD143; CD143 antigen…

Compound Information

Name malathion
CAS diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thio]butanedioate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19303125 Ramphul U, Boase T, Bass C, Okedi LM, Donnelly MJ, Muller P: Insecticide resistance and its association with target-site mutations in natural populations of Anopheles gambiae from eastern Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Nov;103(11):1121-6. Epub 2009 Mar 19.

Anopheles gambiae s.l. adults were raised from wild-caught larvae sampled from two ecologically distinct breeding sites and exposed to WHO discriminating concentrations of DDT, permethrin, deltamethrin, bendiocarb and malathion.
Using molecular diagnostics, susceptible and resistant specimens were further tested for the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) and acetylcholinesterase 1 resistance (ace-1 (R)) alleles.
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19038063 Munhenga G, Masendu HT, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Koekemoer LK: Pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis from Gwave, a malaria-endemic area in Zimbabwe. Malar J. 2008 Nov 28;7:247.

METHODS: Standard WHO bioassays, using 0.75% permethrin, 4% DDT, 5% malathion, 0.1% bendiocarb and 4% dieldrin were performed on wild-collected adult anopheline mosquitoes and F1 progeny of An. arabiensis reared from wild-caught females.
Molecular techniques were used for species identification as well as to identify knockdown resistance (kdr) and ace-1 mutations in individual mosquitoes.
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17017223 Cui F, Raymond M, Berthomieu A, Alout H, Weill M, Qiao CL: Recent emergence of insensitive acetylcholinesterase in Chinese populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 2006 Sep;43(5):878-83.

According to previous findings, a unique mutation, G119S in the ace-1 gene, explained this high insensitivity.
Bioassays performed with a purified G119S strain indicated that this substitution was associated with high levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, malathion, and parathion, but low levels of resistance to dichlorvos, trichlorfon, and fenthion.
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