Protein Information

Name cAMP dependent protein kinase (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Protein kinase A; cAMP dependent protein kinase; cAMP dependent protein kinases

Compound Information

Name diphenylamine
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9649581 Sorensen JB, Larsen EH: Patch clamp on the luminal membrane of exocrine gland acini from frog skin (Rana esculenta) reveals the presence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-like Cl- channels activated by cyclic AMP. J Gen Physiol. 1998 Jul;112(1):19-31.

In excised inside-out patches with 25 mM Cl- on the inside, activity of small (8-pS) linear Cl--selective channels was dependent upon bath ATP (1.5 mM) and increased upon exposure to cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
In inside-out patches, the channels were blocked reversibly by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid, glibenclamide, and diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid, whereas 4, 4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid blocked channel activity completely and irreversibly.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10381142 Panesar NS: Role of chloride and inhibitory action of inorganic nitrate on gonadotropin-stimulated steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig tumor cells. Metabolism. 1999 Jun;48(6):693-700.

Despite negligible intracellular cAMP, the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 blocked basal and hCG-stimulated steroidogenesis.
A chloride-channel inhibitor, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), at concentrations up to 0.6 mmol/L stimulated basal steroid secretion and hCG 10 IU/L stimulated cAMP production, but higher concentrations had an inhibitory effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16859673 Valero MS, Garay RP, Gros P, Alda JO: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel and Na-K-Cl cotransporter NKCC1 isoform mediate the vasorelaxant action of genistein in isolated rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Aug 21;544(1-3):126-31. Epub 2006 Jun 28.

Isolated, endothelium-denuded rat aorta was contracted with phenylephrine 1 microM, and the vasorelaxant responses to genistein were investigated under conditions where CFTR was inhibited by DPC (diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid) or glibenclamide (n=6 for compound).
H-89, a selective protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, blocked the vasorelaxant responses to genistein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7491973 Shen BQ, Mrsny RJ, Finkbeiner WE, Widdicombe JH: Role of CFTR in chloride secretion across human tracheal epithelium. Am J Physiol. 1995 Nov;269(5 Pt 1):L561-6.


In support of the first hypothesis, we found 1) when the level of differentiation of cultures was varied by varying the culture conditions, there was a significant positive correlation between the levels of CFTR and the magnitude of mediator-induced Cl secretion. 2) Amiloride-insensitive baseline short-circuit current (Isc) and mediator-induced increases in Isc were inhibited by diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPAC) but not by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), a pharmacology consistent with passage of apical membrane Cl current through CFTR; Ca-activated Cl channels are inhibited by DIDS but not by DPAC. 3) Raising temperature from 22 degrees to 37 degrees C increased 125I efflux, and this increase was inhibited by DPAC and blockers of protein kinase A, but not by DIDS or 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
9575788 Boockfor FR, Morris RA, DeSimone DC, Hunt DM, Walsh KB: Sertoli cell expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Am J Physiol. 1998 Apr;274(4 Pt 1):C922-30.

Application of the membrane-soluble cAMP analog, 8-chlorophenyl-thio-cAMP, resulted in the activation of a Cl- current that displayed a permeability sequence of Br- > I- > or = Cl- and was blocked by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate and glibenclamide.
In addition, a 13-pS conductance Cl- channel was measured in excised membrane patches exposed to the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7658386 Guinamard R, Chraibi A, Teulon J: A small-conductance Cl- channel in the mouse thick ascending limb that is activated by ATP and protein kinase A. J Physiol. 1995 May 15;485 ( Pt 1):97-112.

The Cl- channel blockers 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamine)-benzoic acid (NPPB), 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS) or glibenclamide, all at 0.1 mmol l-1, and diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPC), at 1 mmol l-1, inhibited the small channel activity by 80-100% in inside-out patches. 7.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8568854 Chan HC, Zhou WL, Wong PY: Extracellular ATP activates both Ca (2+)- and cAMP-dependent Cl- conductances in rat epididymal cells. J Membr Biol. 1995 Sep;147(2):185-93.


When applied to the later phase of the ATP-activated whole-cell current, the disulfonic acid stilbene DIDS (200 microM) could only inhibit 64% of the current while diphenylamine-dicarboxylic acid (DPC, 1 mM) completely inhibited it.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
12181292 Cowley EA, Linsdell P: Oxidant stress stimulates anion secretion from the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3: implications for cystic fibrosis lung disease. J Physiol. 2002 Aug 15;543(Pt 1):201-9.


This increase was almost entirely abolished by the addition of diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), implicating the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel in the response.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16015685 He Q, Zhu JX, Xing Y, Tsang LL, Yang N, Rowlands DK, Chung YW, Chan HC: Tetramethylpyrazine stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated anion secretion in distal colon of rodents. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jul 21;11(27):4173-9.


RESULTS: TMP stimulated a concentration-dependent rise in I (SC), which was dependent on both Cl (-) and HCO (3)(-), and inhibited by apical application of diphenylamine-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid (DPC) and glibenclamide, but resistant to 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate (DIDS).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
10666040 Lader AS, Wang Y, Jackson GR Jr, Borkan SC, Cantiello HF: cAMP-activated anion conductance is associated with expression of CFTR in neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000 Feb;278(2):C436-50.


The cAMP-activated currents were inhibited by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, glibenclamide, and an anti-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) monoclonal antibody.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
15020588 Robert R, Thoreau V, Norez C, Cantereau A, Kitzis A, Mettey Y, Rogier C, Becq F: Regulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel by beta-adrenergic agonists and vasoactive intestinal peptide in rat smooth muscle cells and its role in vasorelaxation. J Biol Chem. 2004 May 14;279(20):21160-8. Epub 2004 Mar 11.

Immunoprecipitation and in vitro protein kinase A phosphorylation show the appearance of mature band C of CFTR.
Smooth muscle CFTR possesses all of the pharmacological attributes of its epithelial homologues: stimulation by the CFTR pharmacological activators MPB-07 (EC (50) = 158 microm) and MPB-91 (EC (50) = 20 microm) and inhibition by glibenclamide and diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid but not by 5,11,17,23-tetrasulfonato-25,26,27,28-tetramethoxy-calix [4] arene.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9078271 Mohamed A, Ferguson D, Seibert FS, Cai HM, Kartner N, Grinstein S, Riordan JR, Lukacs GL: Functional expression and apical localization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in MDCK I cells. Biochem J. 1997 Feb 15;322 ( Pt 1):259-65.

The gene product affected in cystic fibrosis, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), is a chlorideselective ion channel that is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation, ATP binding and ATP hydrolysis.
The cAMP-stimulated iodide release is sensitive to glybenclamide, diphenylamine carboxylic acid and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid, but not to 4,4'-di-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid, an inhibitor profile characteristic of the CFTR chloride channel.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17588945 Hernandez-Gonzalez EO, Trevino CL, Castellano LE, de la Vega-Beltran JL, Ocampo AY, Wertheimer E, Visconti PE, Darszon A: Involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in mouse sperm capacitation. J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 17;282(33):24397-406. Epub 2007 Jun 22.

Present evidence suggests that in mouse sperm the capacitation-associated membrane hyperpolarization is regulated by a cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent pathway involving activation of inwardly rectifying K+ channels and inhibition of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs).
Interestingly, the addition of a CFTR inhibitor (diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid; 250 microM) inhibited the capacitation-associated hyperpolarization, prevented ENaC closure, and decreased the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction without affecting the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17596272 Robert R, Savineau JP, Norez C, Becq F, Guibert C: Expression and function of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in rat intrapulmonary arteries. Eur Respir J. 2007 Nov;30(5):857-64. Epub 2007 Jun 27.

CFTR expression, localisation and function were analysed in cultured smooth muscle cells using Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and immunoprecipitation followed by protein kinase A phosphorylation, immunolocalisation and an iodide efflux assay, respectively.
Furthermore, the following effects were found: 1) inhibition of forskolin/genistein-activated iodide efflux by glibenclamide, diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid and CFTR-specific inhibitor (CFTR (inh))-172; 2) activation of iodide efflux by the benzoquinolizinium derivative CFTR activators MPB-07 and MPB-91; and 3) inhibition of MPB-dependent efflux by CFTR (inh)-172.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12202948 Reddy MM, Quinton PM: Effect of anion transport blockers on CFTR in the human sweat duct. J Membr Biol. 2002 Sep 1;189(1):15-25.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a protein kinase A (PKA) and ATP regulated Cl- channel.
Studies using mostly ex vivo systems suggested diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and glybenclamide inhibit CFTR Cl- conductance (CFTR GCl).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17699556 Soodvilai S, Jia Z, Yang T: Hydrogen peroxide stimulates chloride secretion in primary inner medullary collecting duct cells via mPGES-1-derived PGE2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007 Nov;293(5):F1571-6. Epub 2007 Aug 15.

This increase was almost abolished by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl (-) channel inhibitors diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPC) and CFTR inhibitor-172.
Like H2O2, PGE2 treatment induced a twofold increase in Isc that was reduced by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors H-89 and KT5720.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7519611 Reisin IL, Prat AG, Abraham EH, Amara JF, Gregory RJ, Ausiello DA, Cantiello HF: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is a dual ATP and chloride channel. J Biol Chem. 1994 Aug 12;269(32):20584-91.

The stable transfection of mouse mammary carcinoma cells, C127i, with the cDNA for human CFTR resulted in the appearance of a diphenylamine-2-carboxylate-inhibitable Cl- channel, which was activated by cAMP under whole-cell and cell-attached conditions and by protein kinase A plus ATP under excised, inside-out conditions.
162(2,2,2,2) Details
12542607 Itoh A, Tsujikawa T, Fujiyama Y, Bamba T: Enhancement of aquaporin-3 by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in a human colonic epithelial cell line. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 Feb;18(2):203-10.

The cells were treated with protein kinase-A (PK-A) inhibitors (H-89, H-9) or chloride channel-blockers (diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPD)).
81(1,1,1,1) Details
8769983 Amlal H, Legoff C, Vernimmen C, Paillard M, Bichara M: Na (+)-K+(NH4+)-2Cl- cotransport in medullary thick ascending limb: control by PKA, PKC, and 20-HETE. Am J Physiol. 1996 Aug;271(2 Pt 1):C455-63.

Cell pH was monitored in suspensions of medullary thick ascending limbs (MTALs) of rat kidney to determine possible effects of various transduction pathways on apical Na (+)-K+ (NH4+)-2Cl- cotransport, the activity of which was measured as the bumetanide-sensitive component of cell acidification caused by abrupt exposure to 4 mM NH4Cl. 8-Bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate stimulated cotransport activity through activation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA), since the cAMP effect was abolished by N-[2-(p- bromocinnamylamino) ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-89); stimulation by cAMP (P < 0.02) was observed even when other Na+, Cl-, and K+ carriers were blocked by ouabain, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, and barium, which indicates that cotransport was directly affected by PKA.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
11597909 Brady KG, Kelley TJ, Drumm ML: Examining basal chloride transport using the nasal potential difference response in a murine model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2001 Nov;281(5):L1173-9.

In addition, these responses were assayed in the presence of several chloride channel inhibitors, including DIDS, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, glibenclamide, and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid, and a protein kinase A inhibitor, the Rp diastereomer of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (Rp-cAMPS).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
9530112 Cantiello HF, Jackson GR Jr, Grosman CF, Prat AG, Borkan SC, Wang Y, Reisin IL, O'Riordan CR, Ausiello DA: Electrodiffusional ATP movement through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Am J Physiol. 1998 Mar;274(3 Pt 1):C799-809.

Purified CFTR-mediated ATP currents were activated by protein kinase A and ATP (1 mM) from the "intracellular" side of the molecule and were inhibited by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, glibenclamide, and anti-CFTR antibodies.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18187619 Wu D, Hu Z: Rutaecarpine induces chloride secretion across rat isolated distal colon. . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Apr;325(1):256-66. Epub 2008 Jan 10.

Evidence that Rut-stimulated I (SC) was due to Cl (-) secretion is based on 1) inhibition of current by bumetanide; 2) Cl (-) channel blockers diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid, and glibenclamide; and 3) removal of Cl (-) ions in bath solution.
Rut treatment resulted in the increase in intracellular cAMP levels and the activation of protein kinase A.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10898729 Lader AS, Xiao YF, O'Riordan CR, Prat AG, Jackson GR Jr, Cantiello HF: cAMP activates an ATP-permeable pathway in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. . Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000 Jul;279(1):C173-87.

Spontaneous ATP release by NRCM was significantly increased after cAMP stimulation under physiological conditions. cAMP stimulation also induced an anion-selective electrodiffusional pathway that elicited linear, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC)-inhibitable Cl (-) currents in either symmetrical MgCl (2) or NaCl.
The channel-like nature of the cAMP-induced ATP-permeable pathway was also determined by assessing protein kinase A-activated single channel Cl (-) and ATP currents in excised inside-out patches of NRCM.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7562609 Gosling M, Smith JW, Poyner DR: Characterization of a volume-sensitive chloride current in rat osteoblast-like (ROS 17/2.8) cells. J Physiol. 1995 Jun 15;485 ( Pt 3):671-82.

The current was relatively insensitive to diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), 500 microM producing only 22.5 +/- 4.0% inhibition. 5.
Inhibitors of protein kinase A (H-89, 1 microM) and tyrosine kinase (tyrphostin A25, 200 microM) were without effect upon activation of Cl- currents in response to hypotonic shock.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10611078 Leung GP, Wong PY: Activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in rat epididymal epithelium by genistein. Biol Reprod. 2000 Jan;62(1):143-9.

This requires a low level of phosphorylation of CFTR by basal protein kinase A activity.
The response could be blocked by the nonspecific Cl (-) channel blocker, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), but not by the Ca (2+)-activated Cl (-) channel blocker, 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10600767 Prat AG, Cunningham CC, Jackson GR Jr, Borkan SC, Wang Y, Ausiello DA, Cantiello HF: Actin filament organization is required for proper cAMP-dependent activation of CFTR. Am J Physiol. 1999 Dec;277(6 Pt 1):C1160-9.

In contrast, cAMP induced a 10-fold increase in the diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC)-sensitive whole cell Cl (-) currents of ABP (+)/CFTR (+) cells.
At the single-channel level, protein kinase A plus ATP activated single Cl (-) channels only in excised patches from ABP (+)/CFTR (+) cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1362444 Huang SJ, Leung AY, Fu WO, Chung YW, Zhou TS, Chan PS, Wong PY: Electrophysiological studies of anion secretion in cultured human epididymal cells. J Physiol. 1992 Sep;455:455-69.

The effect of adrenaline on the whole-cell current was found to be mimicked by forskolin and could be abolished by including GDP beta S or a protein kinase A inhibitor in the pipette solution.
This increase was blockable by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC, 1 mmol l-1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8376790 Perandones CE, Illera VA, Peckham D, Stunz LL, Ashman RF: Regulation of apoptosis in vitro in mature murine spleen T cells. . J Immunol. 1993 Oct 1;151(7):3521-9.

The protein kinase A/G inhibitor HA1004 also decreased spleen T cell apoptosis.
Assays for apoptosis included internucleosomal DNA cleavage by gel electrophoresis, percent fragmentation of DNA by the diphenylamine method, and percent of cells with hypodiploid DNA by flow cytometry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7505913 Becq F, Hollande E, Gola M: Phosphorylation-regulated low-conductance Cl- channels in a human pancreatic duct cell line. Pflugers Arch. 1993 Oct;425(1-2):1-8.

The PKA-activated Cl- channel was 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS, 100 mumol/l) and 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (SITS, 100 mumol/l) insensitive, but was blocked by diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPC, 100 mumol/l).
Reactivation of silent excised channels was achieved by adding protein kinase A (PKA, in the presence of ATP, cAMP and Mg2+).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8796127 Walsh KB, Wang C: Effect of chloride channel blockers on the cardiac CFTR chloride and L-type calcium currents. Cardiovasc Res. 1996 Aug;32(2):391-9.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Cl- channel blockers on the cardiac cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- current (ICl) and the protein kinase A-regulated L-type calcium current (PKA-ICa).
RESULTS: The inhibitory effects of clofibric acid, p-chlorophenoxy propionic acid, gemfibrozil, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), anthracene-9-carboxylate, 4,4'dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and indanyloxyacetic acid 94 were examined on the two currents.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9518736 Briel M, Greger R, Kunzelmann K: Cl- transport by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) contributes to the inhibition of epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs) in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing CFTR and ENaC. J Physiol. 1998 May 1;508 ( Pt 3):825-36.

Epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs) are inhibited by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) when CFTR is activated by protein kinase A.
SCN- or gluconate, or when CFTR was inhibited by diphenylamine-carboxylate (DPC, 1 mmol l-1). 4.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7541942 Prat AG, Xiao YF, Ausiello DA, Cantiello HF: cAMP-independent regulation of CFTR by the actin cytoskeleton. . Am J Physiol. 1995 Jun;268(6 Pt 1):C1552-61.

Protein kinase A (PKA)-activation of epithelial Na+ channels requires actin filaments.
The actin-activated Cl- channels (symmetrical Cl-) had a linear conductance of 9.3 pS and were inhibited by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate and monoclonal antibodies raised against CFTR.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7530244 Jovov B, Ismailov II, Benos DJ: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is required for protein kinase A activation of an outwardly rectified anion channel purified from bovine tracheal epithelia. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jan 27;270(4):1521-8.

This small conductance channel was inhibited by 300 microM diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9124289 Cantiello HF, Jackson GR Jr, Prat AG, Gazley JL, Forrest JN Jr, Ausiello DA: cAMP activates an ATP-conductive pathway in cultured shark rectal gland cells. Am J Physiol. 1997 Feb;272(2 Pt 1):C466-75.

The cAMP-inducible ATP currents were insensitive to the Cl- channel blockers 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, and anthracene-9-carboxylic acid but were readily blocked by nifedipine (400 microM) and glibenclamide (400 microM).
The nature of the electrodiffusional ATP movement was further assessed by single-channel analysis of either MgATP or Tris-ATP currents in excised inside-out patches, both spontaneous and after activation with protein kinase A.
1(0,0,0,1) Details