Protein Information

Name alpha tubulin
Synonyms Alpha tubulin ubiquitous; Tubulin K alpha 1; Tubulin alpha ubiquitous chain; K alpha 1; K ALPHA 1 protein; alpha tubulin; K alpha 1s; K ALPHA 1 proteins…

Compound Information

Name oryzalin
CAS 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
14742718 Morrissette NS, Mitra A, Sept D, Sibley LD: Dinitroanilines bind alpha-tubulin to disrupt microtubules. . Mol Biol Cell. 2004 Apr;15(4):1960-8. Epub 2004 Jan 23.

Docking studies predict that oryzalin binds with an average affinity of 23 nM to a site located beneath the N loop of Toxoplasma alpha-tubulin.
85(1,1,1,5) Details
20145086 Ma C, Tran J, Gu F, Ochoa R, Li C, Sept D, Werbovetz K, Morrissette N: Dinitroaniline activity in Toxoplasma gondii expressing wild-type or mutant alpha-tubulin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Apr;54(4):1453-60. Epub 2010 Feb 9.

Replication of wild-type T. gondii is inhibited by 0.5 to 2.5 microM oryzalin, but mutant parasites harboring amino acid substitutions in the predicted dinitroaniline binding site confer resistance up to 40 microM oryzalin.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
10404167 Anthony RG, Reichelt S, Hussey PJ: Dinitroaniline herbicide-resistant transgenic tobacco plants generated by co-overexpression of a mutant alpha-tubulin and a beta-tubulin. Nat Biotechnol. 1999 Jul;17(7):712-6.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
1347905 Stargell LA, Heruth DP, Gaertig J, Gorovsky MA: Drugs affecting microtubule dynamics increase alpha-tubulin mRNA accumulation via transcription in Tetrahymena thermophila. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;12(4):1443-50.

Surprisingly, we find that two microtubule-depolymerizing agents, colchicine and oryzalin, actually cause an increase in alpha-tubulin synthesis and alpha-tubulin message in starved Tetrahymena thermophila.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
16913711 Mitra A, Sept D: Binding and interaction of dinitroanilines with apicomplexan and kinetoplastid alpha-tubulin. J Med Chem. 2006 Aug 24;49(17):5226-31.

In this work, through a series of computational studies, a common binding site of oryzalin, trifluralin, and GB-II-5 on apicomplexan and kinetoplastid alpha-tubulin is proposed.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
12492843 Wiesler B, Wang QY, Nick P: The stability of cortical microtubules depends on their orientation. Plant J. 2002 Dec;32(6):1023-32.


We used tyrosinylated alpha-tubulin as a marker to assess auxin-dependent changes in microtubule turnover.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
7903670 James SW, Silflow CD, Stroom P, Lefebvre PA: A mutation in the alpha 1-tubulin gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii confers resistance to anti-microtubule herbicides. J Cell Sci. 1993 Sep;106 ( Pt 1):209-18.

The upA12 mutation caused twofold resistance to amiprophos-methyl and oryzalin, and twofold hypersensitivity to the microtubule-stabilizing drug taxol, suggesting that the mutation enhanced microtubule stability.
Two-dimensional gel immunoblots of proteins in the mutant cells revealed two electrophoretically altered alpha-tubulin isoforms, one of which was acetylated and incorporated into microtubules in the axoneme.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
7651434 Gu L, Gaertig J, Stargell LA, Gorovsky MA: Gene-specific signal transduction between microtubules and tubulin genes in Tetrahymena thermophila. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Sep;15(9):5173-9.


In striking contrast to the case with mammalian cells, perturbation of microtubules in Tetrahymena thermophila by microtubule-depolymerizing or -polymerizing drugs increases the level of the single alpha-tubulin gene message by increasing transcription (L.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1673126 Schibler MJ, Huang B: The colR4 and colR15 beta-tubulin mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii confer altered sensitivities to microtubule inhibitors and herbicides by enhancing microtubule stability. J Cell Biol. 1991 May;113(3):605-14.

The colR4 and colR15 mutants have been found to be cross resistant to vinblastine and several classes of antimitotic herbicides, including the dinitroanilines (oryzalin, trifluralin, profluralin, and ethafluralin); the phosphoric amide amiprophos methyl; and the dimethyl propynl benzamide pronamide.
Although wild-type like in their growth characteristics, the colR4 and colR15 mutants were found to have an altered pattern of microtubules containing acetylated alpha-tubulin, a posttranslational modification that has been associated with stable subsets of microtubules found in a variety of cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9607761 Anthony RG, Waldin TR, Ray JA, Bright SW, Hussey PJ: Herbicide resistance caused by spontaneous mutation of the cytoskeletal protein tubulin. Nature. 1998 May 21;393(6682):260-3.

The dinitroaniline herbicides (such as trifluralin and oryzalin) have been developed for the selective control of weeds in arable crops.
Here we show that the major alpha-tubulin gene of the resistant biotype has three base changes within the coding sequence.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11867700 Schwarzerova K, Zelenkova S, Nick P, Opatrny Z: Aluminum-induced rapid changes in the microtubular cytoskeleton of tobacco cell lines. Plant Cell Physiol. 2002 Feb;43(2):207-16.


These changes of cMTs preceded the decrease of cell viability by several hours and were accompanied by an increase in the levels of alpha-tubulin (in its tyrosinated form) and elements of the tubulin-folding chaperone CCT.
1(0,0,0,1) Details