Protein Information

Name HMW MAA
Synonyms CSPG 4; NG2; MCSP; MSK16; CSPG4; Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4; Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 precursor; Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2…

Compound Information

Name MAA
CAS methylarsonic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8368768 Chen ZJ, Ferrone S: Comparison of the binding parameters to melanoma cells of antihuman high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and syngeneic anti-anti-idiotypic (anti-anti-id) mAb. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993 Aug 12;690:398-401.

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20309546 Bluemel C, Hausmann S, Fluhr P, Sriskandarajah M, Stallcup WB, Baeuerle PA, Kufer P: Epitope distance to the target cell membrane and antigen size determine the potency of T cell-mediated lysis by BiTE antibodies specific for a large melanoma surface antigen. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010 Mar 23.


Melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP; also called CSPG4, NG2, HMW-MAA, MSK16, MCSPG, MEL-CSPG, or gp240) is a surface antigen frequently expressed on human melanoma cells, which is involved in cell adhesion, invasion and spreading, angiogenesis, complement inhibition, and signaling.
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1409414 Kageshita T, Yamada M, Arao T, Ferrone S: Expression of high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) in primary ALM lesions is associated with a poor prognosis. Pigment Cell Res. 1992;Suppl 2:132-5.

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15650259 Chang CC, Campoli M, Luo W, Zhao W, Zaenker KS, Ferrone S: Immunotherapy of melanoma targeting human high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen: potential role of nonimmunological mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1028:340-50.


These findings parallel the inhibition of the rat homologue of HMW-MAA NG2 function by anti-NG2 antibodies.
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15373771 Mittelman A, Tiwari R, Lucchese G, Willers J, Dummer R, Kanduc D: Identification of monoclonal anti-HMW-MAA antibody linear peptide epitope by proteomic database mining. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 Oct;123(4):670-5.

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16470181 Ulmer A, Fierlbeck G: Circulating tumor cells and detection of the melanoma-associated antigen HMW-MAA in the serum of melanoma patients. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Apr;126(4):914-5; author reply 915-6.

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19690617 Selbo PK, Rosenblum MG, Cheung LH, Zhang W, Berg K: Multi-modality therapeutics with potent anti-tumor effects: photochemical internalization enhances delivery of the fusion toxin scFvMEL/rGel. PLoS One. 2009 Aug 19;4(8):e6691.


METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The recombinant single-chain fusion construct scFvMEL/rGel is composed of an antibody targeting the progenitor marker HMW-MAA/NG2/MGP/gp240 and the highly effective toxin gelonin (rGel).
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3920101 Matsui M, Nakanishi T, Noguchi T, Imai K, Yachi A, Ferrone S: Suppression of human melanoma growth in nude mice injected with anti high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen monoclonal antibody 225.28S conjugated to purothionin. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1985 Feb;76(2):119-23.


The cytotoxic agent purothionin purified from barley was covalently conjugated to the anti-human high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 225.28S by utilizing water-soluble carbodiimide.
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3243979 Castello G, Mansi L, Leonardi E, Lastoria S, Melillo G: Short-term effects of i.v. injected murine 99MTc-F (ab') 2 fragments of an anti-melanoma antibody (HMW-MAA 225.28 S) on haemato-immunological parameters in patients with melanoma. Int J Biol Markers. 1988 Apr-Jun;3(2):140-4.

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8227707 Ferrone S, Kageshita T, Hirai S: Active specific immunotherapy of malignant melanoma with anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies. J Dermatol. 1993 Sep;20(9):533-9.


In this study, we have utilized the human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) as a target for active specific immunotherapy with mouse anti-idiotypic (anti-id) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in patients with malignant melanoma.
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1603113 Mittelman A, Puccio C, Chun H, Ahmed T: Humoral antimelanoma immunity: induction by mouse antiidiotypic mAb, MK2-23 and association with survival of patients with advanced melanoma. Mt Sinai J Med. 1992 May;59(3):234-7.


This study has shown that a mouse antiidiotypic mAb bearing a mirror image of HMW-MAA can break tolerance to a well-defined self HMW-MAA and can induce humoral anti HMW-MAA immunity in patients with melanoma.
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18829565 Maciag PC, Seavey MM, Pan ZK, Ferrone S, Paterson Y: Cancer immunotherapy targeting the high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen protein results in a broad antitumor response and reduction of pericytes in the tumor vasculature. Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 1;68(19):8066-75.


The high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA), also known as melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, has been used as a target for the immunotherapy of melanoma.
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15252841 Dummer R, Mittelman A, Fanizzi FP, Lucchese G, Willers J, Kanduc D: Non-self-discrimination as a driving concept in the identification of an immunodominant HMW-MAA epitopic peptide sequence by autoantibodies from melanoma cancer patients. Int J Cancer. 2004 Sep 20;111(5):720-6.

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1409413 Chen ZJ, Yang H, Liu CC, Mittelman A, Ferrone S: Association between induction of anti high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) immunity with mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody (MoAb) MK2-23 and prolongation of survival in patients with melanoma. Pigment Cell Res. 1992;Suppl 2:113-22.

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9622083 Desai SA, Wang X, Noronha EJ, Kageshita T, Ferrone S: Characterization of human anti-high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen single-chain Fv fragments isolated from a phage display antibody library. Cancer Res. 1998 Jun 1;58(11):2417-25.


Furthermore, like some mouse mAbs, human scFvs react with rat neural cells expressing the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2, which shows 81% homology to the HMW-MAA.
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15588226 Campoli MR, Chang CC, Kageshita T, Wang X, McCarthy JB, Ferrone S: Human high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA): a melanoma cell surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MSCP) with biological and clinical significance. Crit Rev Immunol. 2004;24(4):267-96.


Because of its expression in a large percentage of melanoma lesions and its restricted distribution in normal tissues, the high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA), also known as the melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP), has been used to implement immunotherapy of melanoma.
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