Protein Information

Name heme oxygenase 1
Synonyms HMOX 1; HMOX1; HMOX1 protein; HO; HO 1; HO1; Heme oxygenase (Decycling) 1; Heme oxygenase (Decyclizing) 1…

Compound Information

Name sodium arsenite
CAS sodium arsenenite

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15708121 Newby D, Cousins F, Myatt L, Lyall F: Heme oxygenase expression in cultured human trophoblast cells during in vitro differentiation: effects of hypoxia. Placenta. 2005 Feb-Mar;26(2-3):201-9.


Heme oxygenases (HO-1 and HO-2) are responsible for the production of carbon monoxide, a vasodilator.
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20020861 Suetomi K, Takahashi S, Kubota Y, Fujimori A: Identification of Genes Responding to Low-Dose Arsenite Using HiCEP. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2008 Jan;18(7):605-11.

Using High-Coverage Expression Profiling (HiCEP), an Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)-based gene expression profiling technique, we analyzed the expression of approximately 11,000 genes in human lung fibroblasts (HFLIII) and compared the profiles between cells, treated and untreated with 1 muM sodium arsenite (NaAsO (2)).
Marked induction was found (> 4.4-fold) in a few genes including HMOX1, INHBA, and ANKRD11.
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9337616 Noel A, Tyrrell RM: Development of refractoriness of induced human heme oxygenase-1 gene expression to reinduction by UVA irradiation and hemin. Photochem Photobiol. 1997 Oct;66(4):456-63.

We also studied development of refractoriness after UVA, sodium arsenite and H2O2 treatment in all possible combinations and demonstrated that only UVA led to refractoriness.
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12472888 Fauconneau B, Petegnief V, Sanfeliu C, Piriou A, Planas AM: Induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) by sodium arsenite in cultured astrocytes and reduction of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. J Neurochem. 2002 Dec;83(6):1338-48.

Here Hsp72, Hsp27 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were induced in cultured rat astrocytes, and protection against oxidative stress was investigated.
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11353140 Liu J, Kadiiska MB, Liu Y, Lu T, Qu W, Waalkes MP: Stress-related gene expression in mice treated with inorganic arsenicals. Toxicol Sci. 2001 Jun;61(2):314-20.

Mice were injected sc with either sodium arsenite [As (III), 100 micromol/kg], sodium arsenate [As (V), 300 micromol/kg], or saline.
Expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a hallmark for arsenic-induced stress, was increased 10-fold, along with increases in heat shock protein-60 (HSP60), DNA damage inducible protein GADD45, and the DNA excision repair protein ERCC1.
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9511760 Lu TH, Lambrecht RW, Pepe J, Shan Y, Kim T, Bonkovsky HL: Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of the chicken heme oxygenase-1 gene in transfected primary cultures of chick embryo liver cells. Gene. 1998 Jan 30;207(2):177-86.

Transient expression studies in transfected primary cultures of chick embryo liver cells showed that a CAT reporter gene construct containing 2.8 kb of the cHO-1 promoter region responded to sodium arsenite, H2O2, transition metals and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, but not to heme.
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12727804 Rea MA, Gregg JP, Qin Q, Phillips MA, Rice RH: Global alteration of gene expression in human keratinocytes by inorganic arsenic. Carcinogenesis. 2003 Apr;24(4):747-56.

Of these, transcription of a substantial fraction (up to 12%) was altered, nearly twice as many being suppressed as stimulated by 2-fold or more at 2 micro M sodium arsenite or 6 micro M arsenate, which did not affect cell growth.
Genes whose transcription was altered in common among all the treated keratinocytes included those induced by reactive oxygen, of which heme oxygenase-1 displayed the highest fold induction.
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11979426 Seubert JM, Webb CD, Bend JR: Acute sodium arsenite treatment induces Cyp2a5 but not Cyp1a1 in the C57Bl/6 mouse in a tissue (kidney) selective manner. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2002;16(2):96-106.

Maximum decreases of total hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase content and catalytic activities, occurring at 24 h, corresponded with maximum increases of heme oxygenase (HO-1) in all tissues, as well as maximum plasma total bilirubin.
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17681577 Lin AM, Chao PL, Fang SF, Chi CW, Yang CH: Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in arsenite-induced oxidative injury in rat brain. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Oct 15;224(2):138-46. Epub 2007 Jul 3.

The mechanism underlying sodium arsenite (arsenite)-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in rat brain.
Furthermore, local infusion of arsenite (5 nmol) decreased GSH content and increased expression of heat shock protein 70 and heme oxygenase-1 in the infused SN.
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8997314 Hauser GJ, Dayao EK, Wasserloos K, Pitt BR, Wong HR: HSP induction inhibits iNOS mRNA expression and attenuates hypotension in endotoxin-challenged rats. Am J Physiol. 1996 Dec;271(6 Pt 2):H2529-35.

Rats were treated with the HSP inducer sodium arsenite (6 mg/kg iv) or saline control.
Arsenite pretreatment resulted in expression of HSP 70 mRNA and of HSP 70 and heme oxygenase-1 proteins, inhibition of LPS-mediated iNOS mRNA induction, reversal of the LPS-induced hyporesponsiveness to norepinephrine ex vivo in isolated mesenteric arteries, and attenuation of LPS-induced hypotension in vivo.
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16274885 Elbekai RH, El-Kadi AO: The role of oxidative stress in the modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-regulated genes by As3+, Cd2+, and Cr6+. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Dec 1;39(11):1499-511. Epub 2005 Aug 9.


However, all metals increased cellular GSH content and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA levels.
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17645694 Lin AM, Fang SF, Chao PL, Yang CH: Melatonin attenuates arsenite-induced apoptosis in rat brain: involvement of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum pathways and aggregation of alpha-synuclein. J Pineal Res. 2007 Sep;43(2):163-71.

In the present study, the protective effect of melatonin on sodium arsenite (arsenite)-induced apoptosis was investigated.
Furthermore, melatonin attenuated arsenite-induced increases in heat shock protein 70 and heme oxygenase-1 as well as phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and elevations in cyclooxygenase II and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression.
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18226606 Chou YH, Chao PL, Tsai MJ, Cheng HH, Chen KB, Yang DM, Yang CH, Lin AM: Arsenite-induced cytotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion explants. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Apr 15;44(8):1553-61. Epub 2007 Dec 23.

We studied sodium arsenite (arsenite)-induced cytotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants.
Incubation with arsenite concentration- and time-dependently increased the expression of stress proteins, heat shock protein 70, and heme oxygenase-1 in DRG explants.
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18296743 Wu J, Liu J, Waalkes MP, Cheng ML, Li L, Li CX, Yang Q: High dietary fat exacerbates arsenic-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Exp Biol Med. 2008 Mar;233(3):377-84.

Mice were given sodium arsenite (As3+, 200 ppm) or sodium arsenate (As5+, 200 ppm) in the drinking water for 10 months, and provided a normal diet or a diet containing 20% added fat.
The expression of the stress-related gene heme oxygenase-1 was increased, while metallothionein-1 and GSH S-transferase-pi were decreased when arsenic was combined with the high fat diet.
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7530425 Kutty RK, Kutty G, Nagineni CN, Hooks JJ, Chader GJ, Wiggert B: RT-PCR assay for heme oxygenase-1 and heme oxygenase-2: a sensitive method to estimate cellular oxidative damage. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Nov 17;738:427-30.

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12679051 Zheng XH, Watts GS, Vaught S, Gandolfi AJ: Low-level arsenite induced gene expression in HEK293 cells. Toxicology. 2003 May 1;187(1):39-48.


In these studies, 20 genes (HMOX1, MT1E, or FOSL1, etc.) were up-regulated, and 19 genes (MYC, JAK1, or CENPE, etc.) were down-regulated.
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8874798 Lu TH, Pepe J, Lambrecht RW, Bonkovsky HL: Regulation of metallothionein gene expression. Biochimie. 1996;78(4):236-44.

Treatment of the transfected cells with transition metallic ions (cadmium, cobalt, and zinc) or sodium arsenite produced increases in activities of luciferase or chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, relative to beta-galactosidase, and this activity mapped to the first 122 base pairs of the promoter.
Nevertheless, the heme-dependent induction of endogenous heme oxygenase-1 in these cells was normal.
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7729015 Christodoulides N, Durante W, Kroll MH, Schafer AI: Vascular smooth muscle cell heme oxygenases generate guanylyl cyclase-stimulatory carbon monoxide. Circulation. 1995 May 1;91(9):2306-9.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Cultured SMCs from rat aorta (RASMCs) expressed immunoreactive inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and constitutive HO-2.
Treatment of RASMCs with hemin and sodium arsenite, which are inducers of HO-1, stimulated RASMC cGMP without stimulating nitrite release or inducible NO synthase expression, and the induced elevations of cGMP were not inhibited by the NO synthase inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine.
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10986282 Yu R, Chen C, Mo YY, Hebbar V, Owuor ED, Tan TH, Kong AN: Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways induces antioxidant response element-mediated gene expression via a Nrf2-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 22;275(51):39907-13.


Here, we report that the expression of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1), transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase (TAK1), and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK1) in HepG2 cells activated the ARE reporter gene, whereas the expression of their dominant-negative mutants impaired ARE activation by the chemicals sodium arsenite and mercury chloride.
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10600159 Shan Y, Lambrecht RW, Hong Lu T, Bonkovsky HL: Effects of phenylarsine oxide on expression of heme oxygenase-1 reporter constructs in transiently transfected cultures of chick embryo liver cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Dec 15;372(2):224-9.

Using heme oxygenase-1 promoter/reporter gene constructs, we have previously reported that the sodium arsenite-mediated induction of heme oxygenase-1 in chick embryo liver cells and chicken hepatoma (LMH) cells involves an AP-1 element.
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15689417 Lee PC, Ho IC, Lee TC: Oxidative stress mediates sodium arsenite-induced expression of heme oxygenase-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-6 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Toxicol Sci. 2005 May;85(1):541-50. Epub 2005 Feb 2.
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9535875 Elbirt KK, Whitmarsh AJ, Davis RJ, Bonkovsky HL: Mechanism of sodium arsenite-mediated induction of heme oxygenase-1 in hepatoma cells. J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 10;273(15):8922-31.
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12637567 Kietzmann T, Samoylenko A, Immenschuh S: Transcriptional regulation of heme oxygenase-1 gene expression by MAP kinases of the JNK and p38 pathways in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 16;278(20):17927-36. Epub 2003 Mar 11.

The Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 decreased sodium arsenite-mediated induction of HO-1 mRNA expression.
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10933875 Shan Y, Pepe J, Lu TH, Elbirt KK, Lambrecht RW, Bonkovsky HL: Induction of the heme oxygenase-1 gene by metalloporphyrins. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Aug 15;380(2):219-27.

The antioxidant and &bond;SH donor N-acetyl cysteine had little effect on the metalloporphyrin-dependent inductions of HO-1, in contrast to its marked inhibitory effect on the sodium arsenite-dependent induction of the HO-1 gene.
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15741166 Miralem T, Hu Z, Torno MD, Lelli KM, Maines MD: Small interference RNA-mediated gene silencing of human biliverdin reductase, but not that of heme oxygenase-1, attenuates arsenite-mediated induction of the oxygenase and increases apoptosis in 293A kidney cells. J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 29;280(17):17084-92. Epub 2005 Feb 28.

Presently, small interference (si) RNA constructs were used to investigate the role of human BVR in sodium arsenite (As)-mediated induction of HO-1 and in cytoprotection against apoptosis.
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11078701 Kasai K, Banba N, Hishinuma A, Matsumura M, Kakishita H, Matsumura M, Motohashi S, Sato N, Hattori Y: 15-Deoxy-Delta (12,14)-prostaglandin J (2) facilitates thyroglobulin production by cultured human thyrocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000 Dec;279(6):C1859-69.

On the other hand, sodium arsenite, a known activator of the stress response pathway, induced HO-1 mRNA expression but lacked a promoting effect on TG production.
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9722676 Masuya Y, Hioki K, Tokunaga R, Taketani S: Involvement of the tyrosine phosphorylation pathway in induction of human heme oxygenase-1 by hemin, sodium arsenite, and cadmium chloride. J Biochem. 1998 Sep;124(3):628-33.
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16530877 Ghaziani T, Shan Y, Lambrecht RW, Donohue SE, Pietschmann T, Bartenschlager R, Bonkovsky HL: HCV proteins increase expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decrease expression of Bach1 in human hepatoma cells. J Hepatol. 2006 Jul;45(1):5-12. Epub 2006 Feb 3.

Sodium arsenite, a strong inducer of oxidative stress and HO-1, reduced Bach1 expression in wild type Huh-7 cells, and NAC partially abrogated this decrease.
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15085064 Calo LA, Zaghetto F, Pagnin E, Davis PA, Semplicini A, Pessina AC: Effect of manidipine on gene expression and protein level of oxidative stress-related proteins: p22phox and HO-1: relevance for antihypertensive and anti-remodeling effects. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2004 Apr;43(4):531-8.

This study assessed the effect of manidipine on normal subjects' monocyte gene and protein expression of OxSt-related proteins such as p22 (phox), a NAD (P) H oxidase system subunit, critical in generating O2-, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), induced by and protective from OxSt, and compared manidipine with the ACE inhibitor captopril and the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, in the presence and absence of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) as an inducer of OxSt.Co-incubation of manidipine with NaAsO2 dose-dependently decreased p22 (phox) mRNA production from basal: 0.87 +/- 0.1 d.u., 0.69 +/- 0.06 and 0.66 +/- 0.09 at 100, 300 and 500 nM respectively versus 0.99 +/- 0.2, P < 0.04, while HO-1 mRNA production was increased by the same concentrations of the drug: 0.87 +/- 0.1 d.u., 0.92 +/- 0.1, 0.98 +/- 0.1 respectively versus 0.63 +/- 0.07; P < 0.03.
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20083128 Meng D, Wang X, Chang Q, Hitron A, Zhang Z, Xu M, Chen G, Luo J, Jiang B, Fang J, Shi X: Arsenic promotes angiogenesis in vitro via a heme oxygenase-1-dependent mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 Jan 18.

The present study investigates the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in sodium arsenite-mediated angiogenesis in vitro.
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18996220 Ruiz-Ramos R, Lopez-Carrillo L, Rios-Perez AD, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Cebrian ME: Sodium arsenite induces ROS generation, DNA oxidative damage, HO-1 and c-Myc proteins, NF-kappaB activation and cell proliferation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Mutat Res. 2009 Mar 31;674(1-2):109-15. Epub 2008 Oct 18.

Therefore, our aim was to further explore the ability of sodium arsenite to induce MCF-7 epithelial breast cell proliferation and some of its underlying mechanisms by studying ROS production, c-Myc and HO-1 protein levels, 8-OHdG formation and NF-kappaB activation.
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10906077 Middendorff R, Kumm M, Davidoff MS, Holstein AF, Muller D: Generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate by heme oxygenases in the human testis--a regulatory role for carbon monoxide in Sertoli cells?. Biol Reprod. 2000 Aug;63(2):651-7.

Treatments of isolated tubules with either sodium arsenite, known to induce HO-1, or hematin, an HO substrate, resulted in 4.4- and 1.8-fold, respectively, increases in cGMP levels.
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9747510 Takahashi S, Takahashi Y, Yoshimi T, Miura T: Oxygen tension regulates heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in mammalian cell lines. Cell Biochem Funct. 1998 Sep;16(3):183-93.

In addition to hyperoxia, sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), cadmium chloride (CdCl (2)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generators, increased the HO-1 mRNA level by 11-, 22- and 2.5-fold, respectively.
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9837857 Hartsfield CL, Alam J, Choi AM: Transcriptional regulation of the heme oxygenase 1 gene by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. FASEB J. 1998 Dec;12(15):1675-82.

Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a stress response protein, is highly induced in response to various agents causing oxidative stress including ultraviolet irradiation, sodium arsenite, hyperoxia, and glutathione depletors.
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11888201 Shan Y, Pepe J, Lambrecht RW, Bonkovsky HL: Mapping of the chick heme oxygenase-1 proximal promoter for responsiveness to metalloporphyrins. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Mar 15;399(2):159-66.

In contrast, sodium arsenite, a prototypical stress-type inducer of HO-1, led to down-regulation of the reporter gene down stream of MPRE.
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8645700 Gabis KK, Gildemeister OS, Pepe JA, Lambrecht RW, Bonkovsky HL: Induction of heme oxygenase-1 in LMH cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 May 21;1290(1):113-20.

The induction of heme oxygenase-1 was assessed by measuring changes in mRNA levels or enzyme activities in response to several treatments, including heme, heavy metals, sodium arsenite, and heat shock, which have been shown to increase the expression of heme oxygenase.
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18404528 Harada H, Sugimoto R, Watanabe A, Taketani S, Okada K, Warabi E, Siow R, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Ishii T: Differential roles for Nrf2 and AP-1 in upregulation of HO-1 expression by arsenite in murine embryonic fibroblasts. Free Radic Res. 2008 Apr;42(4):297-304.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is markedly upregulated by sodium arsenite and previous studies implicated the transcriptional enhancers Nrf2 and AP-1 in arsenite-induced ho-1 gene expression in murine cells.
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2912370 Kutty RK, Maines MD: Selective induction of heme oxygenase-1 isozyme in rat testis by human chorionic gonadotropin. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Jan;268(1):100-7.

Using radioimmunoassay, it was shown that other agents known to increase the testicular heme oxygenase, sodium arsenate and sodium arsenite, also increased the microsomal content of HO-1.
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9224953 Lu TH, Pepe JA, Gildemeister OS, Tyrrell RM, Bonkovsky HL: Regulation of expression of the human heme oxygenase-1 gene in transfected chick embryo liver cell cultures. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Jun 26;1352(3):293-302.

We conclude that, in chick liver cell cultures, induction of the HO-1 gene by heme is fundamentally different from that produced by transition metals or sodium arsenite.
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17242398 Sheftel AD, Kim SF, Ponka P: Non-heme induction of heme oxygenase-1 does not alter cellular iron metabolism. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 6;282(14):10480-6. Epub 2007 Jan 22.

In the present study, HO-1 was induced by either sodium arsenite (reactive oxygen species producer) or hemin or overexpressed in the murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7.
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10942197 Lu TH, Shan Y, Pepe J, Lambrecht RW, Bonkovsky HL: Upstream regulatory elements in chick heme oxygenase-1 promoter: a study in primary cultures of chick embryo liver cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000 Jun;209(1-2):17-27.

Previously, chick heme oxygenase-1 (cHO-1) gene was cloned by us and two regions important for induction by sodium arsenite were identified.
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