Protein Information

Name muscles
Synonyms COX 7a M; COX VIIa M; COX7A; COX7A1; COX7A1 protein; COX7AH; COX7AM; Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7a H…

Compound Information

Name 2,4-D
CAS 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
492213 Eberstein A, Goodgold J: Experimental myotonia induced in denervated muscles by 2,4-D. . Muscle Nerve. 1979 Sep-Oct;2(5):364-8.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
232748 Muhlrad A, Friedman M: Myosin changes in experimental 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate myopathy. . Muscle Nerve. 1978 Nov-Dec;1(6):471-8.

Young rats treated with 10 to 14 daily injections of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) developed a myopathy mainly involving fast muscles.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
3972054 Bernard PA, Toyoshima E, Eccles CU, Mayer RF, Johnson KP, Max SR: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) reduces acetylcholinesterase activity in rat muscle. Exp Neurol. 1985 Mar;87(3):544-56.

A single dose (200 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), commonly used as a herbicide, caused significant decreases in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in diaphragm and other muscles of the rat.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2268365 Duffard RO, Arguello JM, Evangelista de Duffard AM: Biochemical alterations in skeletal muscle induced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic butyl ester during chick embryonic development. Biochem Pharmacol. 1990 Dec 1;40(11):2433-40.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic butyl ester (2,4-D b.e.) (3.1 mg/egg) was applied on fertile hen eggs before starting the incubation.
Chicks hatched from treated eggs showed motor dysfunctions, postural troubles and edematous muscles.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
9478089 Kossmann S, Konieczny B, Hoffmann A: The role of respiratory muscles in the impairment of the respiratory system function in the workers of a chemical plant division producing pesticides. Przegl Lek. 1997;54(10):702-6.

Workers of a chemical plant department producing dust and liquid pesticides (37 males and 17 females) exposed to dust containing free silica, organic solvents and active substances, among others: organophosphate compounds, pyrethroids, triazines, carbamates and dithiocarbamates, 2,4-D, captan, carboxine, carbendazim and dodine were studied.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
20045836 Chen AV, Bagley RS, Talcott PA: Confirmed 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid toxicosis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2010 Jan-Feb;46(1):43-7.

Percussion of the proximal appendicular muscles with a reflex hammer resulted in formation of dimples consistent with myotonia.
Residues of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were detected in both serum and urine.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
750919 Danon JM, Karpati G, Carpenter S: Subacute skeletal myopathy induced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate in rats and guinea pigs. Muscle Nerve. 1978 Mar-Apr;1(2):89-102.

Rats and guinea pigs were injected with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) in amounts sufficient to keep them myotonic for over 12 hr daily.
The biceps brachii muscles were studied by histochemistry, epoxy resin histology, and electron microscopy after one to five days.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
977082 Amma RM, Francis CM: Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid on rabbit duodenum. . Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1976 Jul-Sep;20(3):153-5.

2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) produces myotonia in healthy animals.
The action of this drug was studied on smooth muscles in vitro using isolated strips of rabbit's duodenum.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6773743 Zett L, Wagner A: Myotonic effects of 2,4-Dichlorphenoxyacetate (2,4-D) on the isolated frog skeletal muscle (author's transl)]. EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb. 1980 Mar;11(1):6-11.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
3585404 Steiss JE, Braund KG, Clark EG: Neuromuscular effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exposure in dogs. J Neurol Sci. 1987 May;78(3):295-301.

Samples of the medial and lateral plantar nerves were removed for teased fiber and semi-thin section analysis; samples of appendicular muscles were removed for histology and histochemistry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6603838 Wagner A, Zett L: [Modification of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate-induced myotonia of cold blood muscles by variations in external Ca++ and K+ concentrations]. Biomed Biochim Acta. 1983;42(1):95-108.

The results show that 2,4-D blocks the Ca++-influx as well the transport of Na+ and K+ through the membrane.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2152293 Ramirez BU: Energetic metabolism and fatigability in experimental myotonia. Arch Biol Med Exp. 1990 May;23(1):17-20.

Experimental myotonia was induced in rats by 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
After 4 to 24 h of treatment, the anterior tibialis muscles exhibited increased fatigue at low frequency (30 Hz) nerve stimulation, but they developed normal tension at high-frequency (100 Hz) stimulation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
5839590 Kuhn E, Stein W: [Model myotonia after 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetate (2,4-D) in rats. Klin Wochenschr. 1965 Jun 15;43(12):673-7.

In vitro and in vivo studies on the effects of 2,4-D on the energy metabolism of muscles]
81(1,1,1,1) Details
3416978 Ramirez BU, Soza MA: Intramuscular pH and endurance are abnormal in skeletal muscles from rats with experimental myotonia. Exp Neurol. 1988 Sep;101(3):347-55.

The relation between resistance to fatigue and intramuscular pH was studied in fast muscles (anterior tibialis and extensor digitorum longus) from rats treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to induce myotonia.
21(0,0,3,6) Details
2148478 Arguello JM, Evangelista de Duffard AM, Duffard RO: Ca2+ homeostasis alterations induced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic butyl ester and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on avian skeletal muscle. Biochem Pharmacol. 1990 Dec 1;40(11):2441-8.

Isolated soleus muscles were treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 2,4-D b.e. [14C] 2,4-D reached it highest level in these muscles after 1 hr of treatment.
13(0,0,2,3) Details