Protein Information

Name protein C
Synonyms A1 activator; PSAP; Protein C; CSAct; Cerebroside sulfatase activator; Cerebroside sulfate activator; Co beta glucosidase; Component C…

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19551523 Hirschfeld J, Maurer J, Jung D, Kwiecinski M, Khimji AK, Dienes HP, Fries JW, Odenthal M: Targeting myofibroblasts in model systems of fibrosis by an artificial alpha-smooth muscle-actin promoter hybrid. Mol Biotechnol. 2009 Oct;43(2):121-9. Epub 2009 Jun 24.

An artificial promoter containing the -702 bp regulatory sequence of the alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) gene linked to the first intron enhancer sequence of the beta-actin gene and the beta-globin intron-exon junction was constructed and tested for myofibroblast-dependent gene expression using the green fluorescent protein as a reporter.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19963815 Phu D, Orwin EJ: Characterizing the effects of aligned collagen fibers and ascorbic acid derivatives on behavior of rabbit corneal fibroblasts. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:4242-5.

Results from this study suggest that the combined effect of an aligned scaffolding material and ascorbic acid supplements can create a cell-matrix construct that both downregulates expression of the light scattering protein a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-sma) and supports an increased number of cell layers.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
19054657 Ciba P, Sturmheit TM, Petschnik AE, Kruse C, Danner S: In vitro cultures of human pancreatic stem cells: gene and protein expression of designated markers varies with passage. Ann Anat. 2009 Jan;191(1):94-103. Epub 2008 Sep 20.


Both the spontaneous expression of stem cell-related mRNA and protein as well as the characteristics of spontaneous differentiation were variable.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18078382 Wilson PG, Cherry JJ, Schwamberger S, Adams AM, Zhou J, Shin S, Stice SL: An SMA project report: neural cell-based assays derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2007 Dec;16(6):1027-41.


Minigene cassettes were constructed, employing firefly luciferase or green fluorescent protein (GFP) as reporters for splicing efficiency of SMN1 and/or SMN2 under the control of the SMN1, SMN2, or cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19167402 Yabanoglu S, Akkiki M, Seguelas MH, Mialet-Perez J, Parini A, Pizzinat N: Platelet derived serotonin drives the activation of rat cardiac fibroblasts by 5-HT2A receptors. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2009 Apr;46(4):518-25. Epub 2009 Jan 9.


Treatment of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts with platelet lysate, 5-HT and the 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI increased the expression of alpha-SMA protein, a marker of fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20004561 Katori Y, Cho BH, Song CH, Fujimiya M, Murakami G, Kawase T: Smooth-to-striated muscle transition in human esophagus: an immunohistochemical study using fetal and adult materials. Ann Anat. 2010 Feb 20;192(1):33-41. Epub 2009 Nov 10.


METHODS: In horizontal sections of 10 human fetuses between 9 and 16 weeks of gestation, we identified immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA), striated muscle myosin heavy chain (MyH), desmin, PGP9.5, S100 protein, c-kit, and CD68 in the thoracic esophagus.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19343312 Rossoll W, Bassell GJ: Spinal muscular atrophy and a model for survival of motor neuron protein function in axonal ribonucleoprotein complexes. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2009;48:289-326.


Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease that results from loss of function of the SMN1 gene, encoding the ubiquitously expressed survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, a protein best known for its housekeeping role in the SMN-Gemin multiprotein complex involved in spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) assembly.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18601974 Mattis VB, Bowerman M, Kothary R, Lorson CL: A SMNDelta7 read-through product confers functionality to the SMNDelta7 protein. Neurosci Lett. 2008 Sep 5;442(1):54-8. Epub 2008 Jun 26.


SMN2, a nearly identical copy gene, has the potential to encode the same protein as SMN1 and is retained in all SMA patients.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18992195 Huang YJ, Wang ZH, Zhang JB, Liang L, Chen F, Zhao JH: [Smad7 instead of Smad6 blocks epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-beta in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Nov;24(11):1074-8.


In the Smad7-infected cells, the overexpression of Smad7 resulted in a marked decrease of alpha-SMA protein and hydroxyproline synthesis, but a increase of E-cadherin protein, as well as the retainment of epithelial phenotypic appearance.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19625298 Mattis VB, Ebert AD, Fosso MY, Chang CW, Lorson CL: Delivery of a read-through inducing compound, TC007, lessens the severity of a spinal muscular atrophy animal model. Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Oct 15;18(20):3906-13. Epub 2009 Jul 21.


In humans, there exists a nearly-identical copy gene known as SMN2 that encodes an identical protein as SMN1, but differs by a silent C to T transition within exon 7.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17962980 Sakla MS, Lorson CL: Induction of full-length survival motor neuron by polyphenol botanical compounds. Hum Genet. 2008 Jan;122(6):635-43. Epub 2007 Oct 26.


In SMA patient fibroblasts, these compounds stimulated the production of full-length SMN RNA and protein as well as the formation of SMN-containing nuclear gems.
1(0,0,0,1) Details