Protein Information

Name Myosin
Synonyms Myosin

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17704147 Halstead MF, Ajtai K, Penheiter AR, Spencer JD, Zheng Y, Morrison EA, Burghardt TP: An unusual transduction pathway in human tonic smooth muscle myosin. . Biophys J. 2007 Nov 15;93(10):3555-66. Epub 2007 Aug 17.

A wild-type tonic myosin (smA) construct of the enzymatic head domain (subfragment 1 or S1) has seven tryptophan residues and nucleotide-induced fluorescence enhancement like other myosins.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
17666953 Li T, Liu L, Liu J, Ming J, Xu J, Yang G, Zhang Y: Mechanisms of Rho kinase regulation of vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats. Shock. 2008 Jan;29(1):65-70.


With isolated superior mesenteric artery (SMA) from hemorrhagic shock rats, we studied the relationship of Rho kinase regulating vascular reactivity to calcium sensitivity and myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19015263 Jin L, Yoshida T, Ho R, Owens GK, Somlyo AV: The actin-associated protein Palladin is required for development of normal contractile properties of smooth muscle cells derived from embryoid bodies. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 23;284(4):2121-30. Epub 2008 Nov 17.


In the present study, smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers, such as myosin, actin, caldesmon, calponin, and LPP, were down-regulated in embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from embryonic stem cells lacking Palladin.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18845763 Kim MR, Jeon ES, Kim YM, Lee JS, Kim JH: Thromboxane a (2) induces differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to smooth muscle-like cells. Stem Cells. 2009 Jan;27(1):191-9.


In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that the TxA (2) mimetic U46619 induces differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (hADSCs) to smooth muscle-like cells, as demonstrated by increased expression of smooth muscle-specific contractile proteins such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), calponin, smoothelin, and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19895205 Wang C, Yin S, Cen L, Liu Q, Liu W, Cao Y, Cui L: Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Contractile Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Jan 17.


Expression of SMC-related markers including alpha-SM actin (alpha-SMA, SM22alpha, calponin, and SM myosin heavy chain) were detected by immunofluorescent staining, reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19483715 Zhou Y, Xiao XQ, Chen LF, Yang R, Shi JD, Du XL, Klocker H, Park I, Lee C, Zhang J: Proliferation and phenotypic changes of stromal cells in response to varying estrogen/androgen levels in castrated rats. Asian J Androl. 2009 Jul;11(4):451-9. Epub 2009 Jun 1.


In this group, cells positive for Vimentin, non-muscle myosin heavy chain (NMMHC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) increased in the stroma and epithelium.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18691595 Martinez-Neira R, dos Remedios CG, Mackay IR: An actin-myosin functional assay for analysis of smooth muscle (anti-microfilament) autoantibodies in human plasma. J Immunol Methods. 2008 Sep 30;338(1-2):63-6. Epub 2008 Aug 6.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
19577381 Fraternali Orcioni G, Louis Ravetti J, Gaggero G, Bocca B, Bisceglia M: Primary embryonal spindle cell cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma: Case report. Pathol Res Pract. 2009 Jul 2.


At immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells stained strongly and diffusely with vimentin, muscle-specific actin, desmin and myogenin, and focally with fast-myosin and sarcomeric actin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18575454 Yang P, Yin S, Cui L, Li H, Wu Y, Liu W, Cao Y: [Experiment of adipose derived stem cells induced into smooth muscle cells]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Apr;22(4):481-6.


The results of immunofluorescence indicated that the induced cells expressed smoothmuscle (SM) cell-specific markers including a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), SM-myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) and Calponin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20133451 Schell C, Albrecht M, Spillner S, Mayer C, Kunz L, Kohn FM, Schwarzer U, Mayerhofer A: 15-Deoxy-delta 12-14-prostaglandin-J2 induces hypertrophy and loss of contractility in human testicular peritubular cells: implications for human male fertility. Endocrinology. 2010 Mar;151(3):1257-68. Epub 2010 Feb 4.


Impaired spermatogenesis in men typically involves remodeling of this wall, and we now found that smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers, namely myosin heavy chain (MYH11) and smooth muscle actin (SMA) are often lost or diminished in peritubular cells of testes of men with impaired spermatogenesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19391217 Marsh WL, Colonna J, Yearsley M, Bloomston M, Frankel WL: Calponin is expressed in serous cystadenomas of the pancreas but not in adenocarcinomas or endocrine tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2009 May;17(3):216-9.


Subsequently, some were stained with MUC6, melan-A, D2-40, h-caldesmon, smooth muscle actin, and smooth muscle myosin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20004561 Katori Y, Cho BH, Song CH, Fujimiya M, Murakami G, Kawase T: Smooth-to-striated muscle transition in human esophagus: an immunohistochemical study using fetal and adult materials. Ann Anat. 2010 Feb 20;192(1):33-41. Epub 2009 Nov 10.


METHODS: In horizontal sections of 10 human fetuses between 9 and 16 weeks of gestation, we identified immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA), striated muscle myosin heavy chain (MyH), desmin, PGP9.5, S100 protein, c-kit, and CD68 in the thoracic esophagus.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19688349 Karaoz E, Aksoy A, Ayhan S, Sariboyaci AE, Kaymaz F, Kasap M: Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from rat bone marrow: ultrastructural properties, differentiation potential and immunophenotypic markers. Histochem Cell Biol. 2009 Nov;132(5):533-46. Epub 2009 Aug 14.


Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR results indicated that BM-MSCs expressed myogenic (desmin, myogenin, myosin IIa, and alpha-SMA), neurogenic (gamma-enolase, MAP2a,b, c-fos, nestin, GFAP and beta III tubulin), and osteogenic (osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx-2, BMP-2, BMP-4 and type I collagen) markers without stimulation towards differentiation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18952846 Kita T, Hata Y, Arita R, Kawahara S, Miura M, Nakao S, Mochizuki Y, Enaida H, Goto Y, Shimokawa H, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ishibashi T: Role of TGF-beta in proliferative vitreoretinal diseases and ROCK as a therapeutic target. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 11;105(45):17504-9. Epub 2008 Oct 24.


PDR or PVR vitreous promoted expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), a downstream mediator of Rho-kinase (ROCK), both of which were dramatically but incompletely suppressed by TGF-beta blockade.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19158308 Kong L, Wang X, Choe DW, Polley M, Burnett BG, Bosch-Marce M, Griffin JW, Rich MM, Sumner CJ: Impaired synaptic vesicle release and immaturity of neuromuscular junctions in spinal muscular atrophy mice. J Neurosci. 2009 Jan 21;29(3):842-51.


There was also reduced size of AChR clusters and small myofibers, which expressed an immature pattern of myosin heavy chains.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17626241 Kanematsu A, Ramachandran A, Adam RM: GATA-6 mediates human bladder smooth muscle differentiation: involvement of a novel enhancer element in regulating alpha-smooth muscle actin gene expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Sep;293(3):C1093-102. Epub 2007 Jul 11.


Knockdown of endogenous GATA-6 in primary human bladder smooth muscle cells (pBSMC) led to decreased mRNA levels of the differentiation markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), calponin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19035117 Li X, Liu HG, Xie XJ, Han YD, Li M: [Clinicopathologic study of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma and its contrast with olfactory neuroblastoma]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Jul;37(7):458-64.


The spindle cells expressed vimentin, SMA, desmin, myosin and myoglobin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18363640 Stevens L, Bastide B, Maurage CA, Dupont E, Montel V, Cieniewski-Bernard C, Cuisset JM, Vallee L, Mounier Y: Childhood spinal muscular atrophy induces alterations in contractile and regulatory protein isoform expressions. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2008 Dec;34(6):659-70. Epub 2008 Mar 20.


METHODS: The isoform patterns of myosin heavy chains (MHC), troponin subunits (T, C and I) and tropomyosin were determined by immunoblotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and mass spectrometry analyses.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18518656 Han RI, Black A, Culshaw GJ, French AT, Else RW, Corcoran BM: Distribution of myofibroblasts, smooth muscle-like cells, macrophages, and mast cells in mitral valve leaflets of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Am J Vet Res. 2008 Jun;69(6):763-9.


PROCEDURES: A combination of standard histologic and immunohistochemical techniques was used to identify pathologic changes, the presence of mast cells, and the density and distribution of cells expressing vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), smooth muscle myosin, and the macrophage marker MAC387.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20329492 Disatian S, Lacerda C, Orton EC: Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 expression is increased in phenotype-altered canine and human degenerative myxomatous mitral valves. J Heart Valve Dis. 2010 Jan;19(1):71-8.


Co-localization of TPH1 expression with markers of IC phenotype transformation, alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and non-muscle embryonic myosin (SMemb) was determined using double-IFM.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19089742 Moriya T, Kozuka Y, Kanomata N, Tse GM, Tan PH: The role of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. Pathology. 2009 Jan;41(1):68-76.


Myoepithelial markers (p63, alpha-SMA, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and others) are useful to highlight myoepithelial cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19577256 Yang G, Xu J, Li T, Ming J, Chen W, Liu L: Role of V (1a) Receptor in AVP-Induced Restoration of Vascular Hyporeactivity and Its Relationship to MLCP-MLC (20) Phosphorylation Pathway. J Surg Res. 2009 Jan 27.


The objective of the present study is to investigate the role of V (1a) and V (2) receptors in AVP-mediated restoration of hemorrhage-induced vascular hyporesponsiveness and its relationship to protein kinase C (PKC), myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), and myosin light chain (MLC (20)) phosphorylation signal transduction pathway.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20016221 Sebe A, Erdei Z, Varga K, Bodor C, Mucsi I, Rosivall L: Cdc42 regulates myocardin-related transcription factor nuclear shuttling and alpha-smooth muscle actin promoter activity during renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2010;114(3):e117-25. Epub 2009 Dec 16.


The Rho-Rho kinase-myosin light chain-myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-serum response factor (SRF) pathway and Rac1, p21-activated kinase (PAK) and p38 were described as important regulators of MRTF localization and SMA expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18571460 Kim YM, Jeon ES, Kim MR, Jho SK, Ryu SW, Kim JH: Angiotensin II-induced differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to smooth muscle-like cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(11):2482-91. Epub 2008 May 18.


In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) with Ang II increased the expression of smooth muscle-specific genes, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), calponin, h-caldesmon, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), and also elicited the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and delayed phosphorylation of Smad2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19940066 Pattabiraman PP, Rao PV: Mechanistic basis of Rho GTPase-induced extracellular matrix synthesis in trabecular meshwork cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Mar;298(3):C749-63. Epub 2009 Nov 25.


TM cells expressing RhoAV14 exhibited significant increases in fibronectin, tenascin C, laminin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) levels, and matrix assembly in association with increased actin stress fibers and myosin light-chain phosphorylation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19577253 Boruch AV, Nieponice A, Qureshi IR, Gilbert TW, Badylak SF: Constructive Remodeling of Biologic Scaffolds is Dependent on Early Exposure to Physiologic Bladder Filling in a Canine Partial Cystectomy Model. J Surg Res. 2009 Mar 20.


By 4 wk, animals in the STC group showed a well-developed and highly differentiated urothelium, a robust vascularization network, abundant smooth muscle actin (SMA), and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (smMHC) expressing spindle-shaped cells, and many neuronal processes associated with newly formed arterioles.
1(0,0,0,1) Details