Protein Information

Name SNAP
Synonyms RIC 4; RIC4; SEC 9; SEC9; SNAP; SNAP 25; SNAP25; SUP…

Compound Information

Name 4-aminopyridine
CAS 4-pyridinamine

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10618154 Ghisdal P, Gomez JP, Morel N: Action of a NO donor on the excitation-contraction pathway activated by noradrenaline in rat superior mesenteric artery. J Physiol. 2000 Jan 1;522 Pt 1:83-96.

Responses to SNAP were unaffected by the following K+ channel blockers: glibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine, apamin and charybdotoxin, and by increasing the KCl concentration to 25 mM.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
10832600 Terluk MR, da Silva-Santos JE, Assreuy J: Involvement of soluble guanylate cyclase and calcium-activated potassium channels in the long-lasting hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine induced by nitric oxide in rat aorta. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000 May;361(5):477-83.

Contraction of rings without endothelium by phenylephrine (0.1 nM to 100 microM) was decreased by 50-60% after incubation (30 min) with sodium nitroprusside (3-300 microM) or S-nitroso-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP; 70-200 microM).
In contrast, 4-aminopyridine (1 mM) and glibenclamide (10 microM) had no effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16474412 Romano MR, Lograno MD: Cannabinoid agonists induce relaxation in the bovine ophthalmic artery: evidences for CB1 receptors, nitric oxide and potassium channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Apr;147(8):917-25.

In endothelium-intact arteries, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N (G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 300 microM), completely blocked the anandamide- and WIN55212-2-relaxant responses; by contrast, the nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 100 microM) induced an increase in vasorelaxant responses to cannabinoid agonists.
Relaxations to anandamide and WIN55212-2 were inhibited by iberiotoxin (IbTX, 200 nM), a blocker of large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BK (Ca)), and by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 1 mM), a blocker of delayed rectifier K+ channel, whereas the blockade of K (ATP) channels by glibenclamide (5 microM) and of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK (Ca)) by apamin (100 nM) did not produce any effects.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10978741 Adler M, Keller JE, Sheridan RE, Deshpande SS: Persistence of botulinum neurotoxin A demonstrated by sequential administration of serotypes A and E in rat EDL muscle. Toxicon. 2001 Feb-Mar;39(2-3):233-43.


Botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A (BoNT/A) and E (BoNT/E) inhibit neurotransmitter release from peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals by cleaving different sites on SNAP-25, a protein involved in synaptic vesicle docking and exocytosis.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10781419 Janssen LJ, Premji M, Lu-Chao H, Cox G, Keshavjee S: NO (+) but not NO radical relaxes airway smooth muscle via cGMP-independent release of internal Ca (2+). Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 May;278(5):L899-905.

SNAP evoked a rise in [Ca (2+)](i) that was unaffected by removing external Ca (2+) but was markedly reduced by depleting the internal Ca (2+) pool using cyclopiazonic acid (10 (-5) M).
SNAP relaxations were sensitive to charybdotoxin (10 (-7) M) or tetraethylammonium (30 mM) but not to 4-aminopyridine (1 mM).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16716281 Zhang Y, Tazzeo T, Chu V, Janssen LJ: Membrane potassium currents in human radial artery and their regulation by nitric oxide donor. Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Jul 15;71(2):383-92. Epub 2006 Apr 21.

The nitric oxide donor SNAP augmented membrane K (+) currents in a concentration-dependent fashion; the augmentation was completely suppressed by TEA, but was relatively insensitive to the guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ.
The K (+) currents were predominantly sensitive to the K (Ca) blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA; 63.9+/-12.1% inhibition, p <0.05), less sensitive to the Kv blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 32.8+/-4.4% inhibition, p <0.05), and the K (ATP) blocker glibenclamide (28.7+/-8.5% inhibition), at -20 mV testing potential.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10763852 Mazzuco TL, Andre E, Calixto JB: Contribution of nitric oxide, prostanoids and Ca (2+)-activated K+ channels to the relaxant response of bradykinin in the guinea pig bronchus in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000 Apr;361(4):383-90.

However, ODQ almost abolished SNAP-induced relaxation.
In contrast, 4-aminopyridine, apamin or glibenclamide did not affect BK-induced relaxation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20054493 Lee JJ: Nitric oxide modulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission in mechanically isolated rat auditory cortical neurons. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009 Dec;13(6):461-7. Epub 2009 Dec 31.

Blockade of presynaptic K (+) channels by 4-aminopyridine, a K (+) channel blocker, increased the frequencies of GABAergic sIPSCs, but did not affect the inhibitory effects of SNAP.
However, blocking of presynaptic Ca (2+) channels by Cd (2+), a general voltage-dependent Ca (2+) channel blocker, decreased the frequencies of GABAergic sIPSCs, and blocked SNAP-induced reduction of sIPSC frequency.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11485374 Hermann A, Erxleben C: Nitric oxide activates voltage-dependent potassium currents of crustacean skeletal muscle. Nitric Oxide. 2001 Aug;5(4):361-9.


Both currents were blocked by extracellular 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium; the currents were not blocked by charybdotoxin or apamin.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
14746926 Schrofner S, Zsombok A, Hermann A, Kerschbaum HH: Nitric oxide decreases a calcium-activated potassium current via activation of phosphodiesterase 2 in Helix U-cells. Brain Res. 2004 Feb 27;999(1):98-105.


KCa-current amplitude in U-cells was sensitive to Ba2+, TEA, iberiotoxin, kaliotoxin and charybdotoxin (ChTX), but not to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) (up to 30 mM) and apamin (up to 300 nM).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
17869444 Yang Q, Chen SR, Li DP, Pan HL: Kv1.1/1.2 channels are downstream effectors of nitric oxide on synaptic GABA release to preautonomic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. Neuroscience. 2007 Oct 26;149(2):315-27. Epub 2007 Aug 8.


Surprisingly, blocking of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) with 4-aminopyridine or alpha-dendrotoxin eliminated the effect of l-arginine on mIPSCs in all labeled PVN neurons tested.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
10844005 Bergsman JB, Tsien RW: Syntaxin modulation of calcium channels in cortical synaptosomes as revealed by botulinum toxin C1. J Neurosci. 2000 Jun 15;20(12):4368-78.


Similar results were obtained when Ca (2+) influx arose from repetitive firing induced by the K (+)-channel blocker 4-aminopyridine.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
11883949 Magga JM, Kay JG, Davy A, Poulton NP, Robbins SM, Braun JE: ATP dependence of the SNARE/caveolin 1 interaction in the hippocampus. . Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Mar 15;291(5):1232-8.

Previously, we reported that application of 4-aminopyridine to hippocampal slices resulted in a persistent potentiation of synaptic transmission and the induction of a short-lasting and specific 40-kDa complex composed of synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP25) and caveolin1.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
15993634 Costa RS, Assreuy J: Multiple potassium channels mediate nitric oxide-induced inhibition of rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Nitric Oxide. 2005 Sep;13(2):145-51.

In this report, we show that tetraethylammonium (TEA, a non-selective blocker of KC, 300 microM), and 4-aminopyridine (a selective blocker of voltage-dependent KC, 100 microM) prevented SNAP inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, whereas glibenclamide (a selective blocker of ATP-dependent KC, 1 microM) was ineffective.
33(0,1,1,3) Details